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41.
Faucher M Guillot C Marqueste T Kipson N Mayet-Sornay MH Desplanches D Jammes Y Badier M 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2005,450(1):45-52
This study tried to differentiate the consequences of chronic hypoxia on the electrophysiological and physiological properties and the histological characteristics of slow and fast muscles in rats. Animals inhaled a 10% O2 concentration for a 1-month period. Then, slow [soleus (SOL)] and fast [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] muscles were analyzed in vitro by physiological and electrophysiological measurements and histological analyses. The results were compared to those obtained in corresponding muscles of an age-matched normoxic group. After exposure to hypoxia: (1) in SOL, there was a tendency to elevated Fmax, a significant increase in twitch force and tetanic frequency and a shortening of M-wave duration, and a reduced percentage of type I fibres, whereas the proportion of type IIa fibres doubled; (2) in EDL, Fmax and tetanic frequency were lowered, the muscle became less resistant to fatigue, and the proportion of type IId/x fibres was halved. Then, after 1 month of hypoxia, in the SOL muscle, both the contractile and histological properties resemble those of a fast muscle. By contrast, the EDL became slower, despite its histology was modestly affected. Reduced muscle use in hypoxia could explain the tendency for deteriorating adaptations in EDL, and the faster properties of SOL could result from hypoxia-induced inhibition of the growth-related fast-to-slow shift in muscle fibre types. 相似文献
42.
Torous DK Hall NE Illi-Love AH Diehl MS Cederbrant K Sandelin K Pontén I Bolcsfoldi G Ferguson LR Pearson A Majeska JB Tarca JP Hynes GM Lynch AM McNamee JP Bellier PV Parenteau M Blakey D Bayley J van der Leede BJ Vanparys P Harbach PR Zhao S Filipunas AL Johnson CW Tometsko CR Dertinger SD 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2005,45(1):44-55
An interlaboratory study was performed to validate an anti-CD71/flow cytometry-based technique for enumerating micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) in mouse peripheral blood. These experiments were designed to address International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures validation criteria by evaluating the degree of correspondence between MN-RET measurements generated by flow cytometry (FCM) with those obtained using traditional microscopy-based methods. In addition to these cross-methods data, flow cytometric MN-RET measurements for each blood sample were performed at two separate sites in order to evaluate the reproducibility of data between laboratories. In these studies, groups of male CD-1 mice were treated with vehicle (saline or vegetable oil), a negative control (saline or vegetable oil), or four dose levels of five known genotoxicants (clastogens: cyclophosphamide, benzo[a]pyrene, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate; aneugen: vincristine sulfate). Exposure occurred on 3 consecutive days via intraperitoneal injection, and blood samples were obtained approximately 24 hr after the final treatment. MN-RET frequencies were determined for each sample based on the analysis of 2,000 (microscopy) and 20,000 (FCM) reticulocytes. Regardless of the method utilized, each genotoxic agent was observed to cause statistically significant increases in the frequency of MN-RETs, and each response occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) for FCM versus microscopy-based MN-RET measurements (nine experiments, 252 paired measurements) was 0.740, indicating a high degree of correspondence between methods. The rs value for all flow cytometric MN-RET measurements performed at the two independent sites was 0.857 (n = 248), suggesting that the automated method is highly transferable between laboratories. Additionally, the flow cytometric system offered advantages relative to microscopy-based scoring, including a greater number of cells analyzed, much faster analysis times, and a greater degree of objectivity. Collectively, data presented in this report suggest that the overall performance of mouse peripheral blood micronucleus tests is enhanced by the use of the flow cytometric scoring procedure. 相似文献
43.
Bertrand Goudeau Ayush Dagvadorj Fernando Rodrigues‐Lima Patrick Ndellec Monique Casteras‐Simon Emmanuelle Perret Sylvie Langlois Lev Goldfarb Patrick Vicart 《Human mutation》2001,18(5):388-396
Desmin‐related myopathy is a familial or sporadic disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy as well as the presence of intracytoplasmic aggregates of desmin‐reactive material in the muscle cells. Previously, two kinds of deletions and eight missense mutations have been identified in the desmin gene and proven to be responsible for the disorder. The present study was conducted to determine structural and functional defects in a pathogenic desmin variant that caused a disabling disorder in an isolated case presenting with distal and proximal limb muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. We identified a novel heterozygous Q389P desmin mutation located at the C‐terminal part of the rod domain as the causative mutation in this case. Transfection of desmin cDNA containing the patient’s mutation into C2.7, MCF7, and SW13 cells demonstrated that the Q389P mutant is incapable of constructing a functional intermediate filament network and has a dominant negative effect on filament formation. We conclude that Q389P mutation is the molecular event leading to the development of desmin‐related myopathy. Hum Mutat 18:388–396, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
44.
45.
Honey K Benlagha K Beers C Forbush K Teyton L Kleijmeer MJ Rudensky AY Bendelac A 《Nature immunology》2002,3(11):1069-1074
CD1d antigen presentation to natural killer T (NKT) cells expressing the semi-invariant T cell receptor V(alpha)14J(alpha)18 requires CD1d trafficking through endosomal compartments; however, the endosomal events remain undefined. We show that mice lacking the endosomal protease cathepsin L (catL) have greatly reduced numbers of V(alpha)14(+)NK1.1(+) T cells. In addition, catL expression in thymocytes is critical not only for selection of these cells in vivo but also for stimulation of V(alpha)14(+)NK1.1(+) T cells in vitro. CD1d cell-surface expression and intracellular localization appear normal in catL-deficient thymocytes, as does the lysosomal morphology; this implies a specific role for catL in regulating presentation of natural CD1d ligands mediating V(alpha)14(+)NK1.1(+) T cell selection. These data implicate lysosomal proteases as key regulators of not only classical major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation but also nonclassical CD1d presentation. 相似文献
46.
Taylor GP Bodéus M Courtois F Pauli G Del Mistro A Machuca A Padua E Andersson S Goubau P Chieco-Bianchi L Soriano V Coste J Ades AE Weber JN 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2005,38(1):104-109
BACKGROUND: Up to 20 million persons are infected with the human retroviruses human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I and HTLV-II globally. Most data on the seroprevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in Europe are from studies of low-risk blood donors or high-risk injection drug users (IDUs). Little is known about the general population. METHODS: A prospective anonymous study of HTLV-I and HTLV-II seroprevalence among 234,078 pregnant women in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom was conducted. Maternal antibody status was determined by standard methods using sera obtained for routine antenatal infection screens or eluted from infant heel prick dried blood spots obtained for routine neonatal metabolic screens. RESULTS: Anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies were detected and confirmed in 96 pregnant women (4.4 per 10,000, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5-5.2). Of these, 73 were anti-HTLV-I, 17 were anti-HTLV-II, and 6 were specifically anti-HTLV but untyped. The seroprevalence ranged from 0.7 per 10,000 in Germany to 11.5 per 10,000 in France. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women better reflect the general population than blood donors or IDUs. The seroprevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in Western Europe is 6-fold higher among pregnant women (4.4 per 10,000) than among blood donors (0.07 per 10,000). These data provide a robust baseline against which changes in HTLV-I and HTLV-II seroprevalence in Europe can be measured. 相似文献
47.
Study of the protective effects of hyperimmune immunoglobulins G and M against endotoxin in mice and rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We prepared solutions of human IgM and IgG to various lipopolysaccharide (LPS) species. These were then tested, along with
solutions of non-LPS specific human IgG or IgM, for their ability to confer passive immunity against experimental endotoxemia
in two animal models. The immunoglobulins were first tested for an effect on the lethality induced by seven different LPSs
in actinomycin-D sensitized mice, or by three different bacteria in normal mice. When the immunoglobulins were administered
1 h before challenge, a small protective effect was observed. This protection was dependent upon both the anti-LPS agent,
the chemical composition of the LPS, or the strain of Gram-negative bacteria used for injection. The anti-LPS IgM and IgG
preparations reduced the mortality induced by Escherichia coli but not by Serratia marcescens or Klebsiella pneumoniae, indicating protection by strain-specific antibodies. When the antibodies were preincubated with LPS or bacteria for 30 min
before administration, almost complete protection was seen. The influence of these immunoglobulin preparations or of human
albumin (as a control) on the hypotensive and vascular-permeabilizing effects of LPS in rats was then studied. A dose-dependent
inhibitory effect was observed with IgG preparations and albumin. At 200 mg/kg, anti-LPS IgG reduced the effects of LPS, while
at 400 mg/kg, both anti-LPS and normal IgG preparations showed protection, as did human albumin used at the same dose. The
IgM-enriched preparation worsened the initial hypotensive phase after LPS, whereas the anti-LPS IgM significantly reduced
the second phase of the hypotension, but only at the largest dose of 400 mg/kg. In this second model using the rat, a clear
difference between the activity of IgG and IgM was thus observed. We conclude that pretreatment with human immunoglobulins
from large plasma pools modestly, but significantly, attenuated the effects of murine and rat Gram-negative sepsis, but that
protection was incomplete. Our results suggest that single regimen intervention strategies may not be sufficient to influence
the course of the disease.
Received: 12 December 1998 相似文献
48.
Daniel L Bohl Daniel C Brennan Caroline Ryschkewitsch Monique Gaudreault-Keener Eugene O Major Gregory A Storch 《Journal of clinical virology》2008,43(2):184-189
BACKGROUND: The mean urine BK viral load in kidney transplant recipients increases with the intensity of infection as the infection progresses from transient viruria to sustained viremia. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether the intensity of infection is associated with the humoral immune response. STUDY DESIGN: We measured BKV-specific IgG antibody titers in stored samples obtained serially over a 1-year period from 70 kidney transplant recipients with BKV infection and 17 control recipients without active BKV infection. RESULTS: The mean pre-transplant BKV antibody level was lower in recipients who developed viremia than the mean level in those who never developed viremia (p=0.004). Mean antibody titers in recipients who never showed evidence of active BKV infection rose slightly after transplant despite immunosuppression. The magnitude of the rise in the mean antibody titers in recipients who developed active BKV infection correlated with the intensity of infection (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The mean antibody level increased in accordance with the intensity of the infection post-transplant. Pre-transplant seropositivity did not protect against sustained viremia and the antibody response was not associated with clearance of the virus. 相似文献
49.
Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a group of rare, non-progressive conditions of the retina characterized by abnormal rod function causing impaired night vision. Among them, the Schubert-Bornschein subgroup, itself divided into a complete and an incomplete form, is characterized by a specific electrophysiological pattern. Complete, Schubert-Bornschein CSNB is usually transmitted as a monogenic trait, and most familial cases result from mutations of the NYX gene located on the X chromosome. We report a very rare family with consanguineous, first-cousin parents, where a son and a daughter are affected with this condition, indicating autosomal recessive inheritance. As the family was too small for genome-wide linkage, we considered several candidate loci, including the sidekick SDK1 and SDK2 genes. The latter determine lamina-specific connectivity in the retina, a histological substrate of the ON pathway implicated in complete, Schubert-Bornschein CSNB. Although linkage was excluded in our family, observations like the present one may lead to the identification of a new molecular cause for this condition. 相似文献
50.
Leaf trajectory verification during dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy using an amorphous silicon flat panel imager 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An independent verification of the leaf trajectories during each treatment fraction improves the safety of IMRT delivery. In order to verify dynamic IMRT with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID), the EPID response should be accurate and fast such that the effect of motion blurring on the detected moving field edge position is limited. In the past, it was shown that the errors in the detected position of a moving field edge determined by a scanning liquid-filled ionization chamber (SLIC) EPID are negligible in clinical practice. Furthermore, a method for leaf trajectory verification during dynamic IMRT was successfully applied using such an EPID. EPIDs based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) arrays are now widely available. Such a-Si flat panel imagers (FPIs) produce portal images with superior image quality compared to other portal imaging systems, but they have not yet been used for leaf trajectory verification during dynamic IMRT. The aim of this study is to quantify the effect of motion distortion and motion blurring on the detection accuracy of a moving field edge for an Elekta iViewGT a-Si FPI and to investigate its applicability for the leaf trajectory verification during dynamic IMRT. We found that the detection error for a moving field edge to be smaller than 0.025 cm at a speed of 0.8 cm/s. Hence, the effect of motion blurring on the detection accuracy of a moving field edge is negligible in clinical practice. Furthermore, the a-Si FPI was successfully applied for the verification of dynamic IMRT. The verification method revealed a delay in the control system of the experimental DMLC that was also found using a SLIC EPID, resulting in leaf positional errors of 0.7 cm at a leaf speed of 0.8 cm/s. 相似文献