Changes in the intracellular calcium concentration and transmembrane currents, evoked by iontophoretic injections of cyclic AMP, in Helix pomatia neurons

Transmembrane currents and intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ were measured in voltage-clamped isolated neurons of Helix pomatia following the injection of cAMP. In most neurons in the range of membrane potentials from -40 to -100 mV cAMP injection induced both inward current and a long-lasting increase in [Ca2+]in. In the Ca-free external medium and after addition of EGTA (a Ca chelator) to it, the cAMP-induced inward current and [Ca2+]in increase remained unchanged. In most cases in Na-free external solution the cAMP-induced inward current markedly decreased, whereas [Ca2+]in changes remained as it were. Cd2+ (2 mM) did not affect the cAMP-induced current and [Ca2+]in increase. Both procaine++ and ryanodine (inhibitors of Ca release from intracellular stores) did not change the cAMP-induced effects. La3+ (1 mM) blocked both the inward current and an increase of [Ca2+]in. Obtained data confirm the hypothesis of cAMP-mediated Ca release from the intracellular stores.     

The system of evaluation of the severity of injuries (status and prospects of the problem)

The authors have substantiated the necessity of elaboration and introduction of a single all-state++ system of objective quantitative evaluation of the severity of the injuries. A brief comparative characteristic of the most popular Soviet and foreign systems of the severity of the injuries is presented. The synthesized scales (elaborated at the prognosis laboratory of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics ) for a quantitative evaluation of the character and the localization of the fractures are presented.