重症肺炎患者血浆可溶性髓系细胞触发受体1、肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素10水平变化的研究

目的观察重症肺炎患者血浆可溶性髓系细胞触发受体1（sTREM-1）及炎症因子水平变化,探讨重症肺炎患者的全身炎症反应状态。方法测定40例重症肺炎患者、25例普通肺炎患者、15例正常对照组入组当天血浆肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素10（IL-10）及sTREM-1水平。观察重症肺炎患者中存活组、死亡组入组第1、4和7 d,出院或死亡当天血浆TNF-α、IL-10及sTREM-1水平变化趋势。结果重症肺炎患者入组后第1 d血浆TNF-α、IL-10及sTREM-1水平[分别为（44.25±10.81）pg/mL、（58.21±16.41）pg/mL及（51.75±18.51）pg/mL]均高于普通肺炎患者[分别为（24.36±6.45）pg/mL、（24.56±7.10）pg/mL及（25.55±7.72）pg/mL]及正常对照组水平[分别为（13.82±4.04）pg/mL、（15.30±4.45）pg/mL及（14.37±4.82）pg/mL]（P均〈0.001）。存活组血浆sTREM-1、TNF-α及IL-10水平随时间延长均呈下降趋势,而死亡组血浆sTREM-1、TNF-α及IL-10保持较高水平甚至不断升高,各时间点的指标水平均高于存活组。入组当天血浆TNF-α/IL-10比值重症肺炎患者为1.286±0.177,高于普通肺炎组（1.077±0.410）及正常对照组（0.932±0.154）。死亡组各观察点血浆TNF-α/IL-10比值均高于存活组。第1 d血浆sTREM-1与TNF-α水平呈负相关（r=-0.479,P=0.002）;第1 d血浆sTREM-1与IL-10水平呈正相关（r=0.326,P=0.04）。结论重症肺炎患者存在全身促炎与抗炎介质过度释放及炎症反应失衡,尤以死亡组明显;sTREM-1、TNF-α及IL-10参与重症肺炎的炎症反应过程,其水平变化能反映患者预后。     

18Q开关Nd%3aYAG激光联合中药美白霜治疗瑞尔氏黑变病临床观察

自1999年11月至2001年11月我们采用Q开关Nd:YAG532nm激光联合中药美白霜共治疗8例瑞尔氏黑变病,获得一定疗效,报道如下。 1 临床资料 8例瑞尔氏黑变患者均为门诊女性病例,年龄在35～53岁。病程3个月至3年余。均有使用化妆品史,其中5例发病前有使用祛斑化妆品后出现皮肤红斑、脱皮等过     

Antioxidant and Anticlastogenic Capacity of Prickly Pear Juice

Plants belonging to the genus Opuntia spp. are the most abundant of the Cactaceae family, grown throughout America and the Mediterranean central area. Its fruit, known as cactus pear or prickly pear, is an oval berry grouped in different colors. Some studies have shown its antioxidant activities which may help in preventing chronic pathologies such as diabetes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of three varieties of prickly pear juice (red-purple, white-green and yellow-orange) in five different concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL) by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) colorimetric method, selecting the best variety to determine its anticlastogenic potential against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results indicate that the highest antioxidant was found in the juice of the prickly pear red-purple variety (PPRP), in all concentrations. Its anticlastogenic potential was therefore evaluated with a micronucleus assay. The experiment was run over two weeks. A negative control was included along with a positive control with MMS (40 mg/kg), a group of mice treated with PPRP (25 mL/kg), and three groups with PPRP (in doses of 25, 16.5 and 8.3 mL/kg) plus the mutagen. The PPRP was administered daily by oral gavage and the MMS was injected intraperitoneally five days prior to the end of the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in order to determine the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE). The results indicated that PPRP is not a genotoxic agent, on the contrary, it may reduce the number of MNPE. In this regard, the PPRP showed an anticlastogenic effect directly proportional to its concentrations. Thus, the highest protection was obtained with a concentration of 25 mL/kg after 48 h of treatment.     

紫菀的化学成分研究

目的：对紫菀Astertataricus L.f.的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱、LH-20柱色谱进行分离，通过理化和波谱分析方法鉴定化合物结构。结果：从紫菀石油醚萃取部位分离得到9个化合物，分别鉴定为紫菀酮（1）、木栓酮（2）、表木栓醇（3）、蒲公英萜醇（4）、β-谷甾醇（5）、豆甾醇（6）、对羟基肉桂酸十六烷酯（7）、11-hydroxy-10，11-dihydro-euparin（8）和lachnophyllic acid（9）。结论：其中化合物9为新的天然产物，化合物7、8为首次从紫菀属中分得。     

重组腺病毒载体介导的人野生型p53基因增强肝癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性

目的： 观察表达人野生型p53,GM-CSF和B7-1基因的重组腺病毒载体（BB-102）提高肝癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。方法： BEL-7402,HLE和HuH-7 3株肝癌细胞被50 MOI的BB-102转染后,Western blot检测p53基因的表达,MTT方法检测肝癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。结果： 当MOI为50 pfu/细胞时,腺病毒载体对3株肝癌细胞的转染效率均达到80％以上。转染BB-102后,HLE和HuH-7细胞对顺铂的敏感性分别提高11倍和28倍,对丝裂霉素-C的敏感性分别提高3.75倍和20倍。而BB-102的转染对BEL-7402细胞的化疗敏感性没有影响。结论： BB-102腺病毒载体转染后能显著提高p53基因突变的HLE和HuH-7细胞对顺铂和丝裂霉素-C的敏感性,因而增强顺铂和丝裂霉素-C对HLE和HuH-7细胞的杀伤作用。     

Multimodal investigation of dopamine D2/D3 receptors,default mode network suppression,and cognitive control in cocaine-use disorder

Stimulant-use disorders have been associated with lower availability of dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) and greater availability of type-3 receptors (D3R). Links between D2R levels, cognitive performance, and suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during executive functioning have been observed in healthy and addicted populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding a potential role of elevated D3R in influencing cognitive control processes in groups with and without addictions. Sixteen individuals with cocaine-use disorder (CUD) and 16 healthy comparison (HC) participants completed [¹¹C]-(+)-PHNO PET imaging of D2R and D3R availability and fMRI during a Stroop task of cognitive control. Independent component analysis was performed on fMRI data to assess DMN suppression during Stroop performance. In HC individuals, lower D2R-related binding in the dorsal putamen was associated with improved task performance and greater DMN suppression. By comparison, in individuals with CUD, greater D3R-related binding in the substantia nigra was associated with improved performance and greater DMN suppression. Exploratory moderated-mediation analyses indicated that DMN suppression was associated with Stroop performance indirectly through D2R in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a dissociative and potentially beneficial role of elevated D3R availability in executive functioning in cocaine-use disorder.Subject terms: Addiction, Cognitive control     

Recent progress in biochar-supported photocatalysts: synthesis,role of biochar,and applications

Incorporating photocatalytic nanoparticles with biochar templates can produce biochar-supported photocatalysts (BSPs) and combine the advantages of biochar with catalytic nanoparticles. The obtained composite exhibits excellent surface properties, crystallinity, chemical stability, recoverability, and higher photocatalytic competency than the bare semiconductor photocatalyst. The literature and advances in BSPs based on the combination of low-cost biochar and catalytic nanoparticles are presented in this review. Various synthetic techniques and physicochemical properties of BSPs are summarized. The article then discusses in detail the important role of biochar in influencing the photocatalytic performance of BSPs such as supporting nanoparticles, increasing the surface area and the number of active sites, shuttling electrons, acting as an electron reservoir, increasing charge separation, and reducing band gap energy. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of adsorption and photodegradation of organic pollutants by BSPs are discussed with in-depth mechanistic evidence. Finally, the application of BSPs in various fields and constructive suggestions for their future development are reported.

Incorporating photocatalytic nanoparticles with biochar templates can produce biochar-supported photocatalysts (BSPs) and combine the advantages of biochar with catalytic nanoparticles.