Adenosine decreases post-ischaemic cardiac TNF-alpha production: anti-inflammatory implications for preconditioning and transplantation.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an autocrine contributor to myocardial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death in ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I/R), sepsis, chronic heart failure and cardiac allograft rejection. Cardiac resident macrophages, infiltrating leucocytes, and cardiomyocytes themselves produce TNF-alpha. Although adenosine reduces macrophage TNF-alpha production and protects myocardium against I/R, it remains unknown whether I/R induces an increase in cardiac TNF-alpha in a crystalloid-perfused model (in the absence of blood), and, whether adenosine decreases cardiac TNF-alpha and protects function after I/R. To study this, isolated rat hearts were crystalloid-perfused using the Langendorff method and subjected to I/R, with or without adenosine pretreatment. Post-ischaemic cardiac TNF-alpha (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay) and function were determined (Langendorff). I/R increased cardiac TNF-alpha and impaired myocardial function. Adenosine decreased cardiac TNF-alpha and improved post-ischaemic functional recovery. This study demonstrates that: first, I/R induces an increase in cardiac tissue TNF-alpha in a crystalloid-perfused model: second, adenosine decreases cardiac TNF-alpha and improves post-ischaemic myocardial function; third, decreased cardiac TNF-alpha may represent a mechanism by which adenosine protects myocardium; and fourth, adenosine-induced suppression of cardiac TNF-alpha may provide an anti-inflammatory link to preconditioning and have implications for cardiac allograft preservation.     

小儿热性惊厥的脑电图

本文对296例小儿热性惊厥脑电图进行分析。结果:小儿热性惊厥脑电图(EEG)异常率48.65％,主要以阵性高幅慢波为主(77.78％)。小儿癫痫脑电图异常率(89.61％)。主要以阵发性棘慢波和局灶性改变为主(62.78％)。二周后EEG复查热性惊厥EEG大部分恢复正常(83.35％)。而小儿癫痫EEG未有恢复正常的。热性惊厥发作次数愈多,发作持续时间愈长EEG改变愈明显,二周后脑电图恢复正常的愈少。这对小儿热性惊厥的诊断和预后判定有重要价值。     

miR-449a通过靶向KLF4蛋白导致血管平滑肌细胞表型转化

目的探讨miR-449a对于血管平滑肌细胞表型转化、增殖和迁移的作用。方法首先构建携带miR-449a抑制剂、miR-449a mimic的质粒和携带KLF4 siRNA的病毒,并将其转染到血管平滑肌细胞当中,用即时荧光定量PCR检测miR-449a的量,用Western blot检测KLF4的表达量,并检测表型转化相关代表蛋白SM-MHC、α平滑肌肌动蛋白、骨桥蛋白。同时,用CCK-8和细胞划痕试验来评估细胞的增殖和迁移状况。用免疫荧光检测蛋白表达量及细胞结构变化。用荧光素酶报告基因实验来证实miR-449a与KLF4之间的关系。结果实验发现,miR-449a的下调可以增加KLF4的表达以此达到促进血管平滑肌细胞表型转化的作用,并增加其增殖和迁移能力。结论可以通过上调miR-449a降低KLF4的表达,从而抑制血管平滑肌细胞的表型转化及降低其增殖和迁移能力。     

磁性靶向纳米粒体外多模态成像及对肝星状细胞的靶向作用

文题释义： 多模态成像：随着分子影像学的飞速发展,多模态成像改变了传统单一的成像方式,联合超声、CT、MRI、光声及SPECT等各自独特的成像优势,只使用一种对比剂即可获得多种模态增强显影,同时得到疾病的解剖学、分子学及功能学信息。这对疾病的诊断、受检者的健康及减少医疗资源浪费都有重要意义。 寻靶：通过对微泡外壳进行改建,将特异性配体结合或连接到微泡表面,这些微泡可通过血液循环聚到特定的病变组织上,并长时间停留于靶组织或靶器官,从而达到使病变组织在影像中得到特异性的标记增强或局部靶向治疗作用的目的。背景：近来年,分子成像结合医学影像技术和靶向分子探针逐渐成为研究的热点,其相互结合能够在分子水平对靶组织进行观察,从而实现对疾病的发生、发展实时无创成像。 目的：制备载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒探针,探讨其体外超声/CT/MRI成像效果,观察其体外对大鼠肝星状细胞的靶向能力。 方法：以高分子材料聚乳酸/羟基乙酸作为外壳、含有精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸序列环八肽作为配体,通过双步乳化法制备包载磁性颗粒和全氟辛溴烷的载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒cRGD-PLGA-Fe₃O₄-PFOB,检测其理化性质。将载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒以双蒸水稀释为不同质量浓度的混悬液,体外观察其超声、CT、MRI显影效果。通过碳二亚胺法连接精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸序列肽与载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒,验证载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒的精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸序列连接情况和体外靶向能力。细胞毒性实验测定不同质量浓度载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒对大鼠肝细胞BRL-3A的毒性作用。 结果与结论：①载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒分散度好,大小较均匀,单个纳米粒呈球形,数个黑色的铁颗粒分布于壳膜上,平均粒径为(221.5±60.3) nm,Fe₃O₄包封率为38%;②随着载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒质量浓度的降低,样品的超声回声强度、CT值均逐渐降低;随着纳米粒中Fe₃O₄颗粒质量浓度的增加,MRI T2加权信号强度逐渐降低;③流式细胞仪检测显示,含有精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸序列环八肽与载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒的连接率为94.13%;体外靶向实验显示,大部分载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒聚集于大鼠肝星状细胞细胞HSC-T6周围;④不同质量浓度的载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒对大鼠肝细胞BRL-3A活力无影响;⑤结果表明,载磁性颗粒靶向纳米粒探针不仅能作为多模态显像剂用于超声、CT、MRI,且在体外实验中对大鼠肝星状细胞有较强的靶向能力,对肝纤维化的早期诊断具有重大应用潜力。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8470-8548(李璇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子拮抗细胞外炎性因子保护软骨细胞

文题释义：碱性成纤维细胞生长因子：是一种促细胞分裂的肝素结合蛋白,可诱导多种细胞增殖与分化,如软骨细胞、成纤维细胞、骨细胞、血管内皮细胞、肾上腺皮质和髓质细胞、神经元和神经胶质细胞等,在血管形成、促进创伤愈合与组织修复、促进神经组织生长发育过程中起着十分重要的作用。 炎性细胞因子：是指参与炎症反应的各种细胞因子,主要包括肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6等,其具有激活中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞、诱导B细胞分化和产生抗体、诱导T细胞活化增殖与分化、参与机体免疫应答、促进炎性反应等免疫学作用。 背景：目前对于碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进软骨细胞增殖以及白细胞介素1等炎性因子破坏软骨细胞结构的研究较多,但尚未有二者联合对软骨细胞影响的报道。 目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和炎性因子对软骨细胞增殖、分化的影响。 方法：取体外培养第3代SD大鼠软骨细胞分为4组：①空白对照组：软骨细胞单独培养;②阴性对照组：加入含肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1和白细胞介素6的无血清DMEM/F12培养基进行培养;③阳性对照组：加入含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的无血清DMEM/F12培养基进行培养;④实验组：加入含肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的无血清DMEM/F12培养基进行培养。CCK-8法检测第3,5,7天各组软骨细胞的增殖活性;ELISA检测第3,5,7天各组软骨细胞中炎性因子水平;免疫荧光染色检测第7天各组软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖的蛋白水平;Real time-PCR检测第3,5,7天各组软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖的mRNA水平。 结果与结论：①4组软骨细胞在3个时间点增殖情况,阳性对照组>实验组>空白对照组>阴性对照组;②与空白对照组相比,阴性对照组白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显升高(P < 0.05);与阴性对照组相比,实验组白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6和含肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显降低(P < 0.05);③空白对照组、阳性对照组、实验组Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖染色均呈现阳性,阳性对照组软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖表达最显著;④与空白对照组相比,阳性对照组、实验组Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖在各时间点表达均上调,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);而阴性对照组Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖在各时间点表达均下调,与空白对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,合理应用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能有效维持软骨细胞的表型,抑制去分化,促进细胞增殖。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8611-0558(赵德伟) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

无症状成人颈胸交界区脊柱矢状面参数的相关性

背景:颈胸交界区脊柱矢状面平衡不仅与全脊柱矢状面平衡相关,还与颈椎矢状面平衡相关。目的:探讨无症状成人颈胸交界区脊柱矢状面参数的相关性。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年12月在河北医科大学第二医院体检中心行健康体检且无颈椎病相关临床症状者120名,年龄23-79岁,根据年龄分为21-40岁组、41-60岁组、61-80岁组,每组40名,均拍摄颈椎侧位DR影像,测量下面影像学参数:C2-C7矢状面轴向垂直距离、头部重心到C7椎体矢状面轴向垂直距离、胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角、颅倾角。结果与结论:①3组间C2-C7矢状面轴向垂直距离、头部重心到C7椎体矢状面轴向垂直距离、胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角、颅倾角比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05),并且组间两两比较差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.05);胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角随着年龄的增大而增大;②相关性分析显示胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角与年龄呈正相关(r=0.622,r=0.439,r=0.533,P均<0.001);胸廓入口角与T1倾斜角呈正相关(r=0.569,P<0.001);胸廓入口角、T1倾斜角均与C2-C7矢状面轴向垂直距离呈负相关(r=-0.725,r=-0.352,P均<0.001);③结果表明,无症状成人胸廓入口角、颈倾角、颅倾角、T1倾斜角呈随年龄增大而增大的趋势,且胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角与年龄呈正相关。     

Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans

Respiratory tract viral infection caused by viruses or bacteria is one of the most common diseases in human worldwide, while those caused by emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV that caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China most recently, have posed great threats to global public health. Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract viral infections is important to select an appropriate treatment, save people's lives, stop the epidemics, and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Conventional diagnostic tests, such as the assays for rapid detection of antiviral antibodies or viral antigens, are widely used in many clinical laboratories. With the development of modern technologies, new diagnostic strategies, including multiplex nucleic acid amplification and microarray-based assays, are emerging. This review summarizes currently available and novel emerging diagnostic methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human adenovirus, and human rhinovirus. Multiplex assays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses are also described. It is anticipated that such data will assist researchers and clinicians to develop appropriate diagnostic strategies for timely and effective detection of respiratory virus infections.     

Advances and novel developments in allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an upper airway disease with high prevalence in the world, and therefore needs to be thoroughly investigated and treated accordingly. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathology and treatment of AR have been widely studied, many aspects of AR are still unclear and warrant further investigations. The purpose of the present review was therefore to report recently published papers, which highlight the novel mechanisms and treatments of AR. These include role of environment, important proteins and cells, and some other factors in the pathogenesis of AR; as well as the role of immunotherapy and biologics in the treatment of AR.     

HPLC法测定加味逍遥散复方中丹参酮ⅡA的含量

目的 建立加味逍遥散复方中丹参酮ⅡA的测定方法。方法 采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱（inertsil ODS-3柱 250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相:乙腈-0.1%磷酸,进行梯度洗脱;检测波长:270 nm;流速:1.0 ml/min;柱温:20℃。结果 丹参酮ⅡA在0.0001~0.0005 μg范围内呈现良好的线性关系[r=0.9991,平均回收率为97.36%（RSD=1.38%,n=6）]。结论 本方法专属性强,准确度高,重现性良好,可用于加味逍遥散的质量控制。     

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique in the study of cancer treatment

In recent years, gene editing, especially that using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, has made great progress in the field of gene function. Rapid development of gene editing techniques has contributed to their significance in the field of medicine. Because the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool is not only powerful but also has features such as strong specificity and high efficiency, it can accurately and rapidly screen the whole genome, facilitating the administration of gene therapy for specific diseases. In the field of tumor research, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit genomes to explore the mechanisms of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. In these years, this system has been increasingly applied in tumor treatment research. CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to treat tumors by repairing mutations or knocking out specific genes. To date, numerous preliminary studies have been conducted on tumor treatment in related fields. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great promise for gene-level tumor treatment. Personalized and targeted therapy based on CRISPR/Cas9 will possibly shape the development of tumor therapy in the future. In this study, we review the findings of CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor treatment research to provide references for related future studies on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of tumors.