广东汉族人β2-肾上腺素能受体基因Gln27Glu多态性

目的 探讨β2-AR 16位点基因多态性在广东汉族人群中的分布．方法 应用聚合酶链反应技术对122例正常人β2-肾上腺素能受体基因Gln27Glu进行扩增并进行图谱分析．并结合文献进行了不同种族间的分析比较．结果 广东汉族人群β2-AR基因27位点多态性分布频率：Gln／Gln基因型占36．88％，Gln／Glu基因型占52．46％，Glu／Glu基因型占10．66％．结论 广东汉族人群存在出β2-AR Gln27Glu基因多态性，其分布频率与英美高加索人群有一定差异．     

聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜与人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性

背景：聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物是近年来受到重视的聚羟基脂肪酸族组织工程支架材料,具有免疫排斥反应低、生物相容性好和降解产物无毒副作用的优点。 目的：观察聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜材料与人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性。 方法：将第3代人骨髓间充质干细胞种植于聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜上作为实验组,培养板单纯培养细胞作为对照组,计算1,2,4 h两组贴壁细胞的数量,得出细胞贴壁率。MTT比色法观察2,4,6,8 d两组细胞的增殖情况。采用Hoechst33258荧光法,检测3,6,9,12 d两组细胞内的DNA含量。将人骨髓间充质干细胞接种聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜材料上5 d后,电镜扫描观察细胞在材料上的生长情况。 结果与结论：共培养1 h时,实验组的细胞贴壁率低于对照组;其他时间段两组之间细胞贴壁率差异无显著意义。两组各时点间的细胞增殖差异无显著意义。两组各时间点细胞内DNA含量差异无显著意义。扫描电镜观察人骨髓间充质干细胞在聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜上生长良好,形态呈梭形,细胞间连接紧密,分泌较多细胞基质。证明聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜材料与人骨髓间充质干细胞有良好的生物相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

高仿真情景模拟下生命支持设备培训的应用

目的通过高仿真情景模拟下生命支持设备的培训,临床工程师可以了解设备的操作和常见故障的现场解决方法,还可以通过学习相关的医学知识,对临床科室的工作有进一步的认识,以提高快速判断和处理生命支持设备现场常见故障的能力。方法学员根据临床救治要求给高仿真模拟人(human patient simulator,HPS)使用相应的生命支持设备,后台操作老师根据培训现场情况随时改变HPS的病例程序,现场授课老师根据HPS的病情变化引起生命支持设备相应的反应,设置和口述生命支持设备的各种故障现象,要求学员迅速做出判断处理。授课老师依据考核表的各个项目进行考核,采用标准的"简短理论讲授+分项技术练习+综合模拟演练+录像分析总结"教学模式。结果通过授课老师录像回顾点评分析,在进行第二轮演练时,学员各项考核得分都有了较大提高,与第一轮演练成绩的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床工程师定期参加生命支持设备相关培训是非常必要的,通过高仿真情景模拟下生命支持设备培训,使受训的临床工程师在"身临其境"的临床救治过程中,对心肺复苏、呼吸衰竭救治的操作技能,以及对生命支持设备的操作、现场常见故障的判断和解决的能力有了较大提高,真正做到医工结合。     

Melphalan-Based Reduced-Intensity Conditioning is Associated with Favorable Disease Control and Acceptable Toxicities in Patients Older Than 70 with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) is offered increasingly to elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. However, outcome data in those who are 70 years or older are limited, and no standard conditioning regimen has been established for this population. In this retrospective study we evaluated the outcome of 53 consecutive patients aged 70 years and older who underwent alloHCT with melphalan-based reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) at City of Hope. Engraftment was prompt, with median time to neutrophil engraftment of 15 days. More than 95% of patients achieved complete donor chimerism within 6 weeks from HCT, consistent with the “semiablative” nature of this regimen. With a median follow-up of 31.1 months, the 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) were 68.9%, 63.8%, and 17.0%, respectively. Cumulative incidence of relapse at 1 and 2 years was 17.0% and 19.3%, respectively. One hundred–day cumulative incidence of grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease was 37.7% (grades III to IV, 18.9%), and 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease was 61.9% (extensive, 45.9%). The only significant predictor for poor OS was high/very high disease risk index. Transplant-related complications and morbidities observed here did not differ from the commonly expected in younger patients treated with RIC. In conclusion, alloHCT with a melphalan-based conditioning regimen is associated with acceptable toxicities and NRM, lower incidence of relapse, and favorable OS and PFS in patients aged 70 years or older.     

Sustained high glucose exposure sensitizes macrophage responses to cytokine stimuli but reduces their phagocytic activity

Background

Macrophages are tissue resident immune cells important for host defence and homeostasis. During diabetes, macrophages and other innate immune cells are known to have a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications. However, diabetic patients are highly susceptible to bacterial infections, and often have impaired wound healing. The molecular mechanism underlying the paradox of macrophage function in diabetes is not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that macrophage functions are governed by metabolic reprograming. Diabetes is a disorder that affects glucose metabolism; dysregulated macrophage function in diabetes may be related to alterations in their metabolic pathways. In this study, we seek to understand the effect of high glucose exposure on macrophage phenotype and functions.

Results

Bone marrow cells were cultured in short or long term high glucose and normal glucose medium; the number and phenotype of bone marrow derived macrophages were not affected by long-term high glucose treatment. Short-term high glucose increased the expression of IL-1β. Long-term high glucose increased the expression of IL-1β and TNFα but reduced the expression of IL-12p40 and nitric oxide production in M1 macrophage. The treatment also increased Arg-1 and IL-10 expression in M2 macrophages. Phagocytosis and bactericidal activity was reduced in long-term high glucose treated macrophages and peritoneal macrophages from diabetic mice. Long-term high glucose treatment reduced macrophage glycolytic capacity and glycolytic reserve without affecting mitochondrial ATP production and oxidative respiration.

Conclusion

Long-term high glucose sensitizes macrophages to cytokine stimulation and reduces phagocytosis and nitric oxide production, which may be related to impaired glycolytic capacity.

     

Functional independence of Taiwanese children with Prader–Willi syndrome

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder with obesity, developmental delay, short stature, and behavioral abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the functional independence in children with PWS. The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) was used to evaluate 81 children with PWS (44 boys and 37 girls) with a median age of 11 years 1 month (range 2 years 8 months to 20 years 2 months) were recruited between January 2013 and December 2016. The mean total WeeFIM score was 103.8 (maximum 126). Sixty‐five patients (80%) had deletion type PWS, 16 (20.0%) had nondeletion type. The scores were 103.6 ± 18.5 for deletion and 104.8 ± 18.3 for nondeletion type (p = .405), 104.8 ± 19.3 in boys and 102.6 ± 17.3 in girls (p = .293). The mean self‐care, mobility, and cognition scores were 47 (maximum 56), 33 (maximum 35), and 24 (maximum 35), respectively. All total scores and 18 subscores in the three functional domains were positively correlated with age (p < .05). Most children required assistance in problem‐solving, comprehension, and expression. The WeeFIM identified the strengths and limitations of children with PWS and confirmed that support and supervision were needed in cognitive and self‐care tasks.     

一种骨桥蛋白小分子肽的原核表达与生物学活性鉴定

目的： 用大肠杆菌（E.coli）表达骨桥蛋白13肽(OPN 13),经亲和层析纯化后检测其生物学活性。方法：运用基因重组技术,将骨桥蛋白分子中含黏附序列的13肽cDNA片段与携带His编码序列的原核表达载体连接构建融合蛋白表达质粒pET-32c-OPN13。将重组质粒转化E.coli DH 5α宿主菌后,对诱导融合蛋白表达的条件进行优化。表达产物His-OPN13经Ni-NTA His Bind Resin金属离子螯合层析纯化后,分别检测其对骨桥蛋白诱导的血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移的影响。结果：所表达的His-OPN13融合蛋白在宿主菌中以胞浆可溶性的形式存在。经亲和层析可得到高纯度的His-OPN13融合蛋白。产物活性分析表明,His-OPN13融合蛋白能特异性地抑制骨桥蛋白诱导的血管平滑肌细胞的黏附和迁移。结论：OPN13肽可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,并可剂量依赖性地抑制血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移活性。