三维超声监测肛提肌裂孔形态改变动态评估女性产后盆底器官脱垂的研究

目的:研究分析三维超声监测肛提肌裂孔形态改变动态评估女性产后盆底器官脱垂的价值。方法:选取2019年6月—2020年10月在我院诊治的40例肛提肌裂孔形态改变研究对象作为此次研究组研究对象,收集40例同一时期的未孕女性为参照组。同时给予两组研究对象三维超声监测,分析三维超声监测在,女性提肌裂孔形态改变动态评估女性产后盆底器官脱垂的价值。结果:在三维超声监测下,可以知道在不同状态下研究组的肛提肌裂孔面积均大于参照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在不同状态下研究组的产后盆底器官脱垂情况对比,研究组与参照组研究对象的静息下直肠壶腹部组间没有明显差异,其自身不存在统计学意义(P>0.05),除此之外的静息下子宫颈、静息下膀胱、瓦氏动作下直肠壶腹部、瓦氏动作下子宫颈以及瓦氏动作下膀胱的两组研究对象的位置存在很大的差异,经过统计学软件分析可以得到其自身组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肛提肌裂孔形态改变研究对象经过三维超声监测,可以动态评估自身存在产后的盆地器官脱落情况,得到肛提肌裂孔的形态、大小以及变化趋势,实现疾病的良好预测。     

Halitosis: prevalence,risk factors,sources, measurement and treatment – a review of the literature

Halitosis, an offensive breath odour, has multiple sources and negative impacts on people’s social interactions and quality of life. It is important for health care professionals, including general physicians and dental professionals, to understand its aetiology and risk factors in order to diagnose and treat patients appropriately. In this study, we have reviewed the current literature on halitosis regarding its prevalence, classification, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment.     

Reference ranges and Z-scores of atrioventricular and ventriculoatrial time intervals in normal fetuses

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - To establish a reference range and compare differences among three methods, and then to construct Z-score reference ranges in normal fetuses...     

人格特质及情绪调节自我效能感对房颤患者焦虑的影响研究：心理灵活性的调节效应

目的：探讨情绪调节自我效能感在房颤患者人格特质与焦虑的中介作用以及心理灵活性对中介效应的调节作用。方法：采用大五人格量表、情绪调节自我效能感量表、心理灵活性综合评估量表以及焦虑自评量表对天津市某三甲综合医院心律失常门诊的309名房颤患者进行调查。通过Pearson相关分析确定变量间的关联,并通过PROCESS V3.0对中介效应以及调节效应进行检验。结果：在控制性别的情况下,开放性人格特质对焦虑情绪具有正向预测作用;情绪调节自我效能感在开放性人格特质与焦虑情绪的关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的71.2%;情绪调节自我效能感对焦虑情绪的中介作用受到心理灵活性水平的调节。结论：开放性人格特质可通过改变情绪调节自我效能感进而影响房颤患者焦虑情绪发展,提高心理灵活性可以加强情绪调节自我效能感对焦虑的中介作用。     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体、房水和血浆中VEGF表达与IL-6，IL-8和TNF-α水平的相关性研究

目的　探讨增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR）患者玻璃体、房水、血浆中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和白细胞介素6(IL-6),白细胞介素8(IL-8),肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的相关性。方法　选择2016 年5 月~2019 年6 月鄂东医疗集团中心医院眼科收治的76 例行玻璃体切割治疗的PDR 患者（PDR 组）和42 例行超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗的白内障患者（对照组）。PDR 组采集血浆、房水和玻璃体标本,对照组采集血浆和房水,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 和TNF-α 水平。比较PDR 组、对照组血浆、房水中VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 和TNF-α 水平差异以及PDR 组血浆、房水和玻璃体VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 和TNF-α 水平差异。Pearson 相关性分析PDR 组血浆、房水和玻璃体中VEGF 与IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α 相关性。结果　PDR 组血浆、房水中VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 和TNF-α 水平分别为53.51±10.62 pg/ml,125.64±15.34 pg/ml,102.35±11.35 pg/ml,12.65±3.26 ng/ml和332.16±26.35 pg/ml,295.25±21.43 pg/ml,261.35±25.49 pg/ml,21.26±4.26 ng/ml,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=22.418,37.409,42.754,15.959;71.433,54.329,41.620,5.435,均P ＜ 0.05）。PDR 患者玻璃体VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 和TNF-α 水平高于房水和血浆（F=46.359,58.265,47.265,39.562,P ＜ 0.05）,房水VEGF,IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α 水平高于血浆（均P ＜ 0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。Pearson 相关性分析结果显示PDR 患者玻璃体 VEGF水平与IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α 呈正相关（r=0.841,0.800,0.787,均P ＜ 0.05）,血浆、房水中VEGF 水平与IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α 无相关性（r=0.461,0.565,0.439;0.218,0.131,0.210,均P ＞ 0.05）。结论　玻璃体是PDR 视网膜病理事件的主要场所,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α 可能通过促使VEGF 表达参与PDR 视网膜新生血管形成过程。     

心脑血管疾病高危人群首发缺血性脑卒中的影响因素分析

目的 分析心脑血管疾病高危人群首发缺血性脑卒中的影响因素.方法 选取心脑血管疾病高危人群655例,按照是否首次发生缺血性脑卒中分为脑卒中组和非脑卒中组,采用一般情况调查表、半定量食物频率问卷、国际体力活动问卷、一般键康问卷、Morisky服药依从性量表、慢性病自我效能量表对两组进行分析.采用单因素分析、多元Lo-gistic回归分析探讨心脑血管疾病高危人群首发缺血性脑卒中的影响因素.结果 多元Logistic回归分析显示,膳食纤维(OR=0.333,95％CI=0.232～0.647)、胆固醇摄入(OR=3.535,95％CI=2.965～11.012)、体力活动(OR=0.100,95％CI=0.012～0.818)、服药依从性(OR=0.250,95％CI=0.102～0.337)和自我效能(OR=0.731,95％CI=0.604～0.884)是心脑血管疾病高危人群首发缺血性脑卒中的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 心脑血管疾病高危人群的服药依从性、生活方式、自我效能与首发缺血性脑卒中相关,医护人员应加强心脑血管疾病高危人群的健康宣教指导.     

Controllable stripping of radiolabeled group in vivo to optimize nuclear imaging via NO-responsive bioorthogonal cleavage reaction

A novel “turn-off” strategy for controllable radionuclide clearance is established. 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) is used as a conditional linker to connect a radioisotope labeled moiety and nano-agent. A highly specific, sensitive and effective C–C bond cleavage of DHP happens in vivo when treated with nitric oxide which is provided by glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). The radioactive cut-off part from the nanoparticle is observed to be cleared quickly by microSPECT-CT. 3–5 times decreases of radioactivity in the blood, kidneys, intestine, heart and lungs are observed after GTN treatment in a biodistribution assay. The radioactivity redistribution indicates that the radioactive leaving part is indeed cut off and the radionuclide metabolism accelerated. Organ level internal dose assessment reveals the GTN treated groups carry only ½ the radiation dose of the control group. Collectively, a feasible pathway for controllable radionuclide clearance is for the first time provided for high contrast and low radiation nuclear imaging.

A novel “turn-off” strategy was developed for controllable radionuclide clearance in organisms.

Radiolabeled compounds with biological activity, or radiotracers, have been widely used for nuclear imaging and radiation therapy. Compared with other imaging modalities, a unique problem in radiotracer-based imaging is that the radioactivity cannot be simply “turned off”. As a result, it is impossible to carry out multi-scans of the same organ with different tracers in a short period. For instance, there are three kinds of marker receptors (ER, PR, HER2) expressed in breast cancer. Different type of breast cancer expresses a different combination of these three. Therefore, three kinds of radiotracers that aim to bind the corresponding receptors will be used to distinguish individual breast cancer phenotype. The uptake of a second tracer can''t be quantified accurately before the radioactivity of the first tracer decayed to background level, which may need one or two days depending on the half-life of radionuclide. So, it''s necessary to develop a strategy to “quench” the radioactivity. Furthermore, nonspecific binding is inevitable, and the “noise” or “background” from non-specific binding of radiotracers to non-target proteins cannot be easily differentiated from the specific binding component.Therefore, it''s meaningful to develop a kind of reaction that could strip the radiation by control. To achieve this goal, the metabolism of the radioactive part should be accelerated. The biorthogonal cleavage reaction would perfectly meet the needs, if (1) cleavable reactions could happen by the control in vivo; (2) the cut-off part has a relatively fast metabolism; (3) radionuclide is linked on the cut-off part.¹ One of the key issues that bio-orthogonal reactions resolve is to bind two components into one, and make the different metabolic rate of different components synchronized.² As the reaction in the opposite direction of bio-orthogonal reaction, the bio-orthogonal cleavage reaction can extinguish the radiation by diversifying the metabolism of radionuclides and the slow metabolic targeting components.Dihydropyridine (DHP) and its cleavage-triggering partner nitric oxide (NO) can perfectly meet the three conditions. NO, a hydrophobic signal molecule, could spread without any transmembrane transporter, which means NO could spread quickly and spend little energy.^3–5 Many kinds of NO donor drugs are commercially available, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sodium nitroprusside, etc. In our previous work,⁶ it was demonstrated that the physiological concentration of NO is high enough to cleave the C–C bond of DHP. Furthermore, NO donor drugs could offer a circumstance with higher NO concentration than normal physiological concentration. Therefore, it is possible for the reaction between DHP and NO from donor drugs to occur in vivo. Herein, a NO-triggerred “turn-off” system to extinguish the radiation by cleaving the radionuclides from nanoparticles is present. Benzyl group substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine can be cleaved through controlled NO stimulation by intraperitoneal injection of GTN.Nanoparticles as the major kind of theranostic agents have been developed quickly over these years.^7–11 During the process of synthesis, nanoparticles with similar shape, scale and dispersion properties would be obtained by manipulating conditions precisely. Therefore, the metabolism of nanoparticles in the living body is more predictable than diverse small molecules. Especially, radionuclides labeled nanoparticles not only play roles in diagnosis but also work well on tumor therapy. Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect make nanoparticles wonderful radiotherapy reagents.^12–15 However, nanoparticles mean to be easily captured by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which makes the nanoparticles mostly enriched in liver besides in tumor.^16–20 Furthermore, metabolism of nanoparticles are quite slow than most of the small molecules, which means the radionuclides labeled on nanoparticles have similar slow metabolism to their carriers. Unnecessarily loaded radiation from the nanoparticles will also harm normal liver cells where the nanoparticles accumulate heavily.     

奥氮平所致药物不良反应的发生率及相关影响因素研究

目的：调查奥氮平所致药物不良反应的发生情况,并探讨其影响因素,为预防和减少ADRs的发生提供科学依据。方法：选取厦门市精神卫生中心接受治疗的1691例精神障碍患者,监测治疗过程中奥氮平不良反应的发生情况,采取单因素和多因素分析方法,研究奥氮平不良反应发生的相关影响因素。结果：奥氮平不良反应发生率较高,为33.83%。多因素非条件 Logistic 回归分析发现有肝病史、服用高剂量药物 (＞10mg)是奥氮平所致ADRs发生的危险因素,OR值分别为1.837(95% CI:1.162~2.905)和4.841(95% CI:3.874~6.049)。结论：有肝病史及服用高剂量药物 (＞10mg)的精神疾病患者是奥氮平ADRs发生的高危人群。     

氯喹严重不良反应的临床表现及处理

国家卫生健康委员会和国家中医药管理局发布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》指出,可试用磷酸氯喹进行抗病毒治疗。氯喹既往用于疟疾、肠外阿米巴病和类风湿关节炎等疾病的治疗,关于其不良反应已有较多报道。本文重点对氯喹相关严重不良反应以及急性中毒的临床表现和处理进行文献回顾,以期为临床安全使用氯喹提供借鉴和参考。