Structure–function relationship between Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width and perimetry in open-angle glaucoma subtypes

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To seek the threshold value of Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) where visual field (VF) damage occurs in...     

A myofibroblast–mast cell–neuropeptide axis of fibrosis in post‐traumatic joint contractures: An in vitro analysis of mechanistic components

Previous studies have implicated a myofibroblast–mast cell–neuropeptide axis of fibrosis in pathologic joint capsules from post‐traumatic contractures. The hypothesis to be tested is that joint capsule cells (JC) from human elbows with post‐traumatic contractures and their interactions with mast cells (MC) and neuropeptides in the microenvironment underlie the pathogenesis of contractures. The hypothesis was tested using an in vitro collagen gel contraction model. The JC were isolated from human elbow capsules and mixed with neutralized PureCol collagen I. The gels were treated in various ways, including addition of MC (HMC‐1), the neuropeptide substance P (SP), an NK₁ receptor (SP receptor) antagonist RP67580 and the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen fumarate (KF). The collagen gels were released from the wells and gel size (contraction) was measured optically at multiple time points. The JC contracted collagen gels in a dose‐dependent manner. This was enhanced in the presence of MC and increased further with SP. Increasing concentrations of the SP receptor antagonist, RP67580 or the mast cell stabilizer, KF decreased the magnitude of contraction. These observations identify putative mechanistic components of a myofibroblast–mast cell–neuropeptide axis of fibrosis in the joint capsules in post‐traumatic contractures and potential prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1290–1296, 2014.     

Inhibition of Cathepsin K Increases Modeling‐Based Bone Formation,and Improves Cortical Dimension and Strength in Adult Ovariectomized Monkeys

Treatment with the cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitor odanacatib (ODN) protects against bone loss and maintains normal biomechanical properties in the spine and hip of ovariectomized (OVX) preclinical models. Here, we characterized the effects of ODN on the dynamics of cortical modeling and remodeling, and dimension and strength of the central femur in adult OVX‐rhesus monkeys. Animals were treated with vehicle or ODN (6 or 30 mg/kg, once per day [q.d., p.o.]) in prevention mode for 21 months. Calcein and tetracycline double‐labeling were given at 12 and 21 months, and the femoral cross‐sections were subjected to dynamic histomorphometric and cement line analyses. ODN treatment significantly increased periosteal and endocortical bone formation (BFR/BS), accompanied with an increase in endocortical mineralizing surface (102%, p < 0.01) with the 6 mg/kg dose. ODN at both doses reduced remodeling hemiosteon numbers by 51% and 66% (p < 0.05), respectively, and ODN 30 mg/kg numerically reduced activation frequency without affecting wall thickness. On the same endocortical surface, ODN increased all modeling‐based parameters, while reducing intracortical remodeling, consistent with the observed no treatment effects on cortical porosity. ODN 30 mg/kg markedly increased cortical thickness (CtTh, p < 0.001) and reduced marrow area (p < 0.01). Lastly, ODN treatment increased femoral structural strength (p < 0.001). Peak load was positively correlated with the increases in bone mineral content (BMC) (r² = 0.9057, p < 0.0001) and CtTh (r² = 0.6866, p < 0.0001). Taken together, by reducing cortical remodeling‐based and stimulating modeling‐based bone formation, ODN significantly improved cortical dimension and strength in OVX monkeys. This novel mechanism of CatK inhibition in stimulating cortical formation suggests that ODN represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

阿朴吗啡神经保护作用的途径：随机对照动物实验

目的：观察急性注射10 mg/kg R-阿朴吗啡后的神经保护作用.方法：实验于2004-06/2005-03在武装警察部队总医院完成.结合微量透析法,26只Wistar大白鼠急性皮下注射阿朴吗啡10 mg/kg,通过水杨酸钠诱捉法来清除6-羟基多巴胺或1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子产生的羟自由基.透析液的2,3-双羟基安息香酸含量用高效液相色谱电化学法检测.结果：26只大鼠均进入结果分析.6-羟基多巴胺或氧化产物干预2,3-双羟基安息香酸形成,这种显著增加持续到整个试验.6-羟基多巴胺灌注3 h后,仍达基线值（180.9 nmol/L）的350%.在1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子（5mmol/L）灌注中,2,3-双羟基安息香酸水平降低和持续增加到基线值（50.8 nmol/L）的160%,显著增加透析液中2,3-双羟基安息香酸水平.结论：急性注射阿朴吗啡,不能清除6-羟基多巴胺或1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子产生的羟自由基,说明阿朴吗啡神经保护的作用不是通过抗羟自由基作用.     

新生儿舒适护理研究进展

阐述了体位对早产儿呼吸系统、胃肠道功能及心理的影响，沐浴、体温测量对新生儿皮肤有影响。提出保护性措施可减轻对患儿的伤害，提高其舒适度。     

Increased release of gentamicin from acrylic bone cements under influence of low-frequency ultrasound.

The release profile of antibiotics from antibiotic-loaded bone cement, used to prevent infections in total joint arthroplasty, is neither ideal nor complete. Ultrasound has been used to allow drugs to cross otherwise impermeable barriers. The aim of this study was to establish a possible effect of ultrasound on antibiotic release from bone cements. Samples were made of three commercially available gentamicin-loaded bone cements. Part of the samples was allowed to release gentamicin for 3 weeks before insonation. An insonation device produced an ultrasound field with a time average acoustic intensity of 167 mW/cm2 at a frequency of 46.5 kHz. The samples were exposed to the ultrasound field or not exposed to it as a control. The amount of gentamicin released was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. There was a limited increase of gentamicin release with application of ultrasound in fresh samples but not in the samples that had been allowed to release gentamicin. For fresh samples, a linear regression model showed that this ultrasound effect was statistically significant. The mechanism behind these observations is not clear, but it is suggested that microstreaming or localized temperature rises may be involved.     

Patterns of physical activity and obesity indices among white-collar men in Taiwan

The purposes of this study were to identify patterns of physical activity among white-collar men in Taiwan and to analyze the relationships between physical activity patterns and obesity indices. This cross-sectional survey included 350 subjects (between 21 and 75 years old). The Monitoring Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Optional Study of Physical Activity Questionnaire (MOSPA-Q), developed and published by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to measure subjects' daily energy expenditures attributed to physical activity. Obesity indices included body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Three patterns of physical activity, namely work-oriented, active, and light-active lifestyles, were identified through cluster analysis. The work-oriented group reported spending the most amount of time on work-related activities (10.5 hours/week). The active group spent the most time (1 hour/day) of the three groups on leisure activities. The light-active group spent the most time (7 hours/day) of the three groups on light activities. Referencing the 150 minutes/week of moderate- intensity physical activity recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) for health gain as a cut-off point, 1.1%, 15.2%, and 29.1% of subjects in the active, light-active and work-oriented groups, respectively, failed to achieve this minimal level. Those in the work-oriented group categorized in high work-overload and prevalent inactivity situations returned the worst obesity indices (Body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat percentages) adjusted by age.     

11例急性早幼粒细胞性白血病全反式维甲酸治疗疗效观察

目的观察11例急性早幼粒细胞性白血病患者经全反式维甲酸治疗后的临床效果。方法予全反式维甲酸40～60mg/d,持续服药至缓解,缓解后与化疗药物序贯治疗,用药前后检察患者血象及骨髓象。结果用全反式维甲酸诱导缓解率达91%,达缓解天数平均44d,所需维甲酸总剂量2648mg。结论全反式维甲酸对急性早幼粒细胞性白血病患者的预后有很大改善。     

血液病基因检测临床应用认知程度调研报告

目的调查医务工作者对血液病基因检测临床应用的认知程度。 方法对参加2018年6月29-30日在北京举办的"第六届陆道培血液病高峰论坛"的209名学者进行以微信为平台的调查研究，调查内容涉及被调查者的基本信息、对血液病基因检测的认知程度以及基因检测的应用现状及反馈。对3个年份（2015年、2016年、2018年）间获得研究生学历的被调查者人数应用行×列表χ²检验，应用四格表χ²检验分别对这3个年份进行两两比较。 结果调查对象的年龄主要分布在40岁及40岁以下，学历分布以本科和硕士研究生为主。3个年份（2015年、2016年、2018年）间获得研究生学历的被调查者人数差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；对这3个年份进行两两比较，2015年和2016年获得研究生学历的被调查者人数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），2018年获得研究生学历的被调查者人数较前两个年份均有所增加，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。被调查者中血液科临床医生比例最高，为44.50%；50.24%具有中级以上职称。有接近80%的医务工作者会在临床中应用血液病基因检测。基因检测在三甲医院、高水平专科医院以及其他三级和三级以下医院应用频度较高。基因检测临床应用的主要限制因素包括费用过高、医保不能报销和有明确意义的基因检测项目太少等。73.08%的调查对象可以接受基因检测报告在5~10个工作日出具。对于基因突变检测报告有56.52%临床医生认为报告结果太复杂。 结论医务工作者对血液病基因检测有一定的认知程度，费用过高、医保不能报销和有明确意义的基因项目过少等为基因检测在临床应用中的限制因素，检测报告的回报周期及结果意义可读性还有待提高。     

地黄杜仲汤联合羟基脲对老年慢性粒细胞白血病患者的临床疗效及对预后的影响

目的:探讨地黄杜仲汤联合羟基脲对老年慢性粒细胞白血病患者的临床疗效以及对预后产生的影响。方法:选取2012年3月至2015年7月在沈阳军区总医院接受治疗的老年慢性粒细胞白血病患者70例作为本次研究对象,采用随机数表法将他们分为治疗组和对照组各35例,对照组患者给予地黄杜仲汤治疗,治疗组患者给予地黄杜仲汤联合羟基脲治疗,比较2组患者治疗后的临床疗效、生存率以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,治疗组患者的总缓解率为94.28%高于对照组68.57%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后的≥6年生存率为80.00%,对照组为34.28%,治疗组高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后出现恶心呕吐、白细胞低、肾功能异常以及肝功能异常等不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组患者,2组患者进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地黄杜仲汤联合羟基脲治疗老年慢性粒细胞白血病临床效果显著,降低不良反应,延长患者的生存期。