Investigation of Zinc,Copper, Lead and Cadmium Accumulation in the Tissues of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sander lucioperca</Emphasis> (L., 1758) Living in Hirfanlı Dam Lake,Turkey

This study, some metals (zinc, copper, lead and cadmium) were analyzed in liver, muscle and gills of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) caught from the Hirfanlı Dam Lake in December 2007. The highest concentrations were found in liver (zinc:32.5 μg/g, lead:10.73 μg/g, copper:5.85 μg/g, cadmium:0.76 μg/g) of Sander lucioperca. It was seen that the accumulation of zinc, lead and cadmium primarily took place in liver followed by muscles and gills. It was observed that copper is mainly accumulated in liver followed by gill and mucsles.     

Inhibitory effects of combination of lycopene and genistein on 7,12- dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in rats

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Carotenoids and soy isoflavones have been postulated to have breast cancer preventive effects. We investigated the potential preventive effects of lycopene and genistein, alone and in combination, on breast cancer development in female Wistar rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogen known to induce breast tumors. Mammary carcinogenesis was initiated by a single, oral gavage of DMBA (80 mg/kg body weight) at 55 days of animal age. Fifty female Wistar rats were divided into 5 experimental groups having 10 animals per group: Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (DMBA control), Group 3 (DMBA + lycopene), Group 4 (DMBA + genistein), and Group 5 (DMBA + lycopene and genistein). Rats were fed either lycopene (20 mg /kg bw) or genistein (2 mg /kg bw) by oral gavage (3 times per week) starting 2 wk prior to DMBA injection. Treatment was continued for 20 wk. Rats treated with DMBA developed mammary tumors with 100% tumor incidence during the 20-wk study. Inhibition of mammary cancer incidence by lycopene (70%), genistein (60%) and their combination (40%) was observed. Tumor weight decreased by 48%, 61%, and 67%, and mean tumor volume decreased by 18%, 35%, and 65% with lycopene, genistein, and lycopene + genistein, respectively (P < 0.01 for the combination). The proportions of adenocarcinoma masses decreased with lycopene and genistein combination (P < 0.05). Administration of lycopene and genistein combination suppressed breast cancer development and was associated with a decrease in MDA, 8-isoprostane, and 8-OhdG levels and with an increase in serum lycopene and genistein levels. Animals administered DMBA developed breast cancer, which was associated with increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9 in mammary tissues. Administration of genistein and lycopene in combination was more effective in inhibiting DMBA-induced breast tumors and modulating the expression of apoptosis associated proteins than the administration of each agent alone. Our results suggest that lycopene and genistein are potent antioxidants and, when given in combination, offer maximum protection against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis.     

A case report and literature review: osteomyelitis caused by community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Osteomyelitis in adolescents is a serious disease with the potential for lifelong disability. The key to successful management is early diagnosis, including bone sampling for microbiological and pathological examination to allow targeted and long-lasting antibiotic therapy. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated microorganism in these patients. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is usually considered a nosocomial pathogen, but increasingly it is acquired in the community. We present a case of acute osteomyelitis caused by community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) who had never been hospitalized and had no other known risk factors for MRSA. The changing epidemiology of MRSA became evident when infections occurred in previously healthy patients without established risk factors. MRSA infections have been increasingly reported in pediatric patients, but they are uncommon in adults. Skin and soft tissue infections remain the most common manifestations of CA-MRSA infections. Glycopeptides can be used as initial therapy and oral trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole as sequential therapy for these patients.     

Intraocular pressure measurement over soft contact lens by rebound tonometer:a comparative study

AIM: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by Icare rebound tonometer over a contact lens in comparison with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).METHODS: Fifty patients using contact lens were included in this study. One of the eyes of the patients was selected randomly and their IOP were measured by rebound tonometer with and without contact lens (RTCL, RT respectively) and by GAT, as well as their central corneal thickness (CCT) by optical pachymeter. The results of both methods were compared by correlation analysis, general linear method repeated measure and Bland-Altman analysis.RESULTS: Mean IOP values measured by RTCL, RT and GAT were 15.68±3.7, 14.50±3.4 and 14.16±2.8 (P<0.001), respectively. Mean IOP by RTCL was significantly higher than the measurements implemented by RT and GAT (P<0.001), while there was no difference between the measurements by GAT and RT (P=0.629). There was a good level of positive correlation between GAT and RTCL as well as RT (r=0.786 P<0.001, r=0.833 P<0.001, respectively). We have observed that CCT increase did not show any correlation with the differences of the measurements between RTCL and RT (P=0.329), RTCL and GAT (P=0.07) as well as RT and GAT (P=0.189) in linear regression model.CONCLUSION: The average of the measurements over contact lens by rebound tonometer was found to be higher than what was measured by GAT. Although this difference is statistically significant, it may be clinically negligible in the normal population.     

The role of patient’s systemic characteristics and plateletcrit in developing toxic anterior segment syndrome after uneventful phaco surgery: A case–control study

Purpose

To compare the systemic and ocular characteristics and laboratory findings of patients developing toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after uneventful phaco surgery with unaffected subjects undergoing the same surgery in the same session.

Design

A retrospective case–control study.

Methods

The study group consisted of 26 eyes of 26 patients who underwent uneventful phaco surgery and who went on to develop TASS, while the control group included 39 subjects who had routine phaco surgery in the same session by the same surgeon. The sterilization stages of reusable instruments, disposable instruments, and compositions were recorded. The preoperative systemic diseases, complete blood count parameters, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), biochemical parameters, thyroid hormone profiles, and the surgical features were compared between the two groups.

Results

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), systemic hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia, chronic ischaemic heart disease, and chronic renal failure were significantly more common in the TASS group (p < 0.05). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was also more frequent in the TASS group (p = 0.003). Mean HbA1c% values, white blood cell count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet counts, platelet distribution width, and plateletcrit parameters were significantly higher in the TASS group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a high plateletcrit level (p = 0.001, odds ratio [95% CI]; 22.27 [3.36–147.76]) and systemic HT (p = 0.044, odds ratio [95% CI]; 7.13 [1.05–48.12]) are independently associated with the development of TASS.

Conclusion

Although TASS may arise as a result of insufficient sterilization of instruments or intraocular solutions, patient factors may also contribute to its development. Systemic vascular disorders such as uncontrolled type 2 DM, systemic hypertension, and hyperlipidemia may increase the risk of TASS after uneventful phaco surgery. Abnormal parameters associated with systemic inflammation, such as higher plateletcrit level, may facilitate the development of TASS. These findings may be a predicting factor of TASS development for uneventful cataract surgeries.

     

Long-term results of cataract surgery in patients with anterior uveitis

Purpose

This study was aimed to assess the long-term results of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in patients with anterior uveitis.

Methods

Patients with complicated cataract secondary to anterior uveitis who underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were included in this study. Long-term results and all complications were evaluated throughout the postoperative 4 years.

Results

A total of 55 eyes of 48 patients were identified in this study. Cases with anterior uveitis were categorised into four aetiologic groups. Of the 55 eyes, 22 (19 patients) had idiopathic anterior uveitis, 10 (9 patients) had viral anterior uveitis, 10 (9 patients) had Fuchs’ anterior uveitis and 13 (11 patients) had anterior uveitis associated with collagen vascular diseases. Preoperative macular oedema was more frequent (63.6%) in the idiopathic group than in the other groups (p < 0.001). The success rates of the best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better ranged from 80.0 to 100.0% in the groups. While postoperative increased intraocular pressure rate was statistically significantly higher in the Fuchs’ group (p = 0.047), there was no statistically significant difference in other complication rates between the groups.

Conclusions

The long-term outcomes of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients with uveitic cataract were satisfactory with excellent visual acuity and relatively low complication rates.

     

Comparison of central corneal thickness with four different optical devices

Background

To compare the consistency between the average scores of the contact central corneal thickness measurements from ultrasound pachymetry devices still gold standard, such as iPac^® and Echoscan US-500, and noncontact measurements via Pentacam HR and Sirius topography.

Methods

This prospective study, subsequently admitted to the ophthalmology department, 76 healthy individuals were performed. The measurements were repeated three times for each eye, and average scores were statistically analyzed on the same day and almost at the same time. While measuring the eyes, Pentacam HR, Sirius topography, iPac^®, and Echoscan US-500 were used, respectively. The inter-rater agreement of measurements from the devices was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient, and 95% Confidence Interval and p values demonstrating statistically significance were also presented. In the graphical assessment of the agreement, the Bland–Altman graph was used.

Results

Among 76 study participants, 43 (56.6%) were composed of women, and age level was 38.6 ± 12.5 years, ranging between 18 and 69. It was observed that the highest agreement was between the measurements obtained from Echoscan US-500 and iPac^® devices, but the agreement between the measurements of different devices was higher than 0.90. Bland–Altman graphics were also investigated; the results of four different devices were seen to be consistent with one another.

Conclusions

Therefore, the devices we compared in the study can be used as alternatives to one another due to the higher consistency between CCT measurements provided with through UP devices of Echoscan US-500 and iPac^®, and Pentacam HR and Sirius topography devices.Clinical Trial Registration number: 2016/112

     

CLINICAL APPRAISAL AND RETINAL IMAGING IN POSTERIOR MICROPHTHALMOS

Purpose: To report a critical case series of five patients with posterior microphthalmos and the review of their clinical findings with the analyses of retinal imaging. Method: Case series. Complete ophthalmological examinations including optical coherence tomography (OCT) were evaluated. Results: All patients had decreased visual acuity with high hyperopic refraction. Dilated fundus examination demonstrated that elevated papillomacular retinal folds with anterior segment were unremarkable. Total axial lengths measurements showed reduced axial lengths and B-scan ultrasonography revealed sclerochoroidal thickening. Moreover, papillomacular folds were confirmed by OCT. Conclusion: Dilated fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography, orbital ultrasonography, and proper OCT evaluation will be helpful to reach a diagnosis.     

Synthesis and potent antimicrobial activities of some novel retinoidal monocationic benzimidazoles

Several 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamidine analogues were synthesized for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against S. aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), C. albicans, and C. krusei. MIC values of the targeted compounds 43-58 are comparable to those of Fluconazole and Sultamicillin. The most potent compounds, 51 and 53, showed MIC values as 0.78 and 1.56 microg/mL against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively.