Renal cell carcinoma metastases to gallbladder

A 74-year old man underwent a radical cholecystectomy for presumed gallbladder cancer. The histology of the resected specimen in fact revealed the lesion to be metastatic renal cell carcinoma from his resected right nephrectomy performed 14 years previously.     

Otoacoustic emissions as a screening test for hearing impairment in children

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are low amplitude sound waves produced by the healthy cochlea. They can be recorded with a microphone in the external ear. TEOAEs are abolished by hearing losses of 30 dB or more. The feasibility of using TEOAEs as a screening test for hearing loss in children was studied. TEOAE recordings were attempted in 56 children attending an audiology clinic. Recordings were possible from both ears in 52 children; of these 104 ears, 32 had hearing deficits of 30 dB or more. Hearing status was compared with the results of six TEOAE screening criteria. All criteria had a sensitivity of 1.00. Four standard TEOAE criteria yielded specificities of 0.46-0.58. Two new criteria derived from analysis of limited frequencies from the TEOAE waveform gave specificities of 0.76 and 0.82. It can be concluded that, when appropriate pass/fail criteria are employed, TEOAEs are a feasible screening test in children.     

Open vs Laparoscopic Vertical Banded Gastroplasty: A case control study with 1-year follow-up

Background: Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) is one of the most common bariatric operations. It can be performed by open or laparoscopic methods. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the 1-year results of 40 patients who underwent laparoscopic (20) and open (20). Methods: The initial 20 patients undergoing LaparoscopicVBG and the initial 20 patients in whom an Open VBG were performed in our Institution were comparatively evaluated. Demography, surgical details, complications, and 1-year weight loss were analyzed. Results: Both groups were highly comparable in terms of age, sex and body mass index. Laparoscopic VBG was a more prolonged procedure (median 4 hr) than the open VBG (median 3 hr). On the other hand, hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic procedure (median 10 days for the open and 6 days for the laparoscopic). One year weight loss and complications were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic VBG is a safe procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. This initial series shows comparable results.     

A BPA survey of recently appointed consultants

A postal survey of recently appointed consultant paediatricians was undertaken to determine whether they perceived their training had adequately equipped them for their current job. The response rate was 69% (207/299). After excluding replies from consultants trained outside the UK the analysis was carried out on 167 replies. Trainees held a mean 5.2 posts during general and higher professional training, necessitating a mean 1.8 house moves. Altogether 82% felt moves were beneficial to training but 46% found moves 'very disruptive' to family life. Only 12% of district general hospital and 22% of teaching hospital senior registrars took two research sessions a week. Supervision and training in research was absent or poor for more than 60%; 24% felt major changes and 55% moderate changes were needed to current training. Training in non-clinical skills was particularly in demand and a curriculum for both trainers and trainees with regular appraisals is required. Research at senior registrar level needs review and educational methods improved to achieve better training in a shorter period.     

1-Substituted 4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)piperazines Are Pure Opioid Receptor Antagonists

This report describes the discovery that 1-substituted 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazines are pure opioid receptor antagonists. Compounds in this new series include N-phenylpropyl (3S)-3-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine and (3R)-3-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine, both of which diaplay low nanomolar potencies at μ, δ, and κ receptors and pure antagonist properties in a [(35)S]GTPγS assay.