全文获取类型
收费全文 | 184532篇 |
免费 | 1451篇 |
国内免费 | 104篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1223篇 |
儿科学 | 6845篇 |
妇产科学 | 3091篇 |
基础医学 | 17361篇 |
口腔科学 | 1686篇 |
临床医学 | 12964篇 |
内科学 | 33381篇 |
皮肤病学 | 800篇 |
神经病学 | 16970篇 |
特种医学 | 9217篇 |
外科学 | 30632篇 |
综合类 | 2364篇 |
预防医学 | 18233篇 |
眼科学 | 2865篇 |
药学 | 10079篇 |
中国医学 | 643篇 |
肿瘤学 | 17733篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 86篇 |
2022年 | 171篇 |
2021年 | 302篇 |
2020年 | 189篇 |
2019年 | 241篇 |
2018年 | 22120篇 |
2017年 | 17563篇 |
2016年 | 19718篇 |
2015年 | 1180篇 |
2014年 | 1118篇 |
2013年 | 1145篇 |
2012年 | 7575篇 |
2011年 | 21611篇 |
2010年 | 19161篇 |
2009年 | 11784篇 |
2008年 | 19956篇 |
2007年 | 22184篇 |
2006年 | 1110篇 |
2005年 | 2750篇 |
2004年 | 3908篇 |
2003年 | 4881篇 |
2002年 | 3035篇 |
2001年 | 410篇 |
2000年 | 537篇 |
1999年 | 316篇 |
1998年 | 306篇 |
1997年 | 290篇 |
1996年 | 173篇 |
1995年 | 172篇 |
1994年 | 176篇 |
1993年 | 126篇 |
1992年 | 113篇 |
1991年 | 184篇 |
1990年 | 186篇 |
1989年 | 153篇 |
1988年 | 134篇 |
1987年 | 95篇 |
1986年 | 67篇 |
1985年 | 61篇 |
1984年 | 49篇 |
1983年 | 54篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 52篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1969年 | 34篇 |
1938年 | 60篇 |
1937年 | 25篇 |
1934年 | 30篇 |
1932年 | 56篇 |
1930年 | 46篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Dale Maharaj Michael Ramdass Andrew Perry Vijay Naraynsingh 《The International journal of angiology》2003,12(2):143-144
Axillary vein thrombosis, or Paget von Schroetter syndrome, is a rare clinical condition. It is associated with several thrombogenic states and numerous sporting activities involving excessive use of the arm. We report one such case associated with exotic dancing. In societies where dancing involves excessive arm movement, the physician must be aware of this condition to permit early diagnosis and effective treatment. 相似文献
992.
Hans Guenter Drexler Mira Menon Kimitaka Sagawa Eiji Tatsumi Hirofumi Koshiba Toshioki Koishi Keisuke Minato Tohru Sugimoto Masaki Saito Masuji Morita John L. Pauly Tin Han Arnold I. Freeman Harry Messmore Jun Minowada 《Annals of hematology》1986,52(2):99-109
Summary 1255 cases of leukemia-lymphoma were tested between 1972 and 1984 by multiple marker analysis. Routine leukemia phenotyping was performed using standard morphological and cytochemical techniques in combination with clinical and histo-pathological information; the main emphasis was put on immunological surface marker analysis using erythrocyte rosette assays, TdT and a large panel of poly- and monoclonal antibody tests. The 1255 cases were divided into these major types and subtypes: 349 cases of ALL and related immature T- and Burkitt-lymphomas (cALL, pre B-ALL, B-ALL and Burkitt-lymphomas, T-ALL and immature, mostly leukemic T-lymphomas, Null-ALL), 454 cases of mature T- and B-cell malignancies (T-CLL, mycosis fungoides, Sezary-syndrome, T-lymphomas, B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, B-lymphomas), 263 cases of acute myeloid leukemias (AML, AMMoL/AMoL), 182 cases of chronic myeloid leukemias (CML in chronic phase, CMoL, CML in blast crisis), 6 cases of erythroleukemia and 1 case of megakaryoblastic leukemia. A simplified classification scheme which has been used in our laboratories is presented. Phenotyping is of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance, most evidently for patients with ALL. Routine leukemia phenotyping should be performed with highly standardized techniques and reagents and by combining information from several fields in the multiple marker analysis. New areas of leukemia research might become very useful for the routine procedure of phenotyping.Abbreviations ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AML
acute myeloblastic leukemia
- AMMoL
acute myelomonoblastic leukemia
- AMoL
acute monoblastic leukemia
- cALL
common ALL
- CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CML
chronic myelocytic leukemia
- CML-BC
CML in blastic crisis
- CMoL
chronic monocytic leukemia 相似文献
993.
Purpose of Review
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy serves as mainstay therapy for bridge to transplantation and destination therapy. Evidence is now mounting on the role of LVAD therapy as bridge to recovery. In the current review, we will summarize the data on biomarkers of myocardial recovery following LVAD implantation.Recent Findings
Myocardial recovery can occur spontaneously, following pharmacological intervention and in the setting of mechanical circulatory support such as LVAD. Several biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), ST2, etc. have been identified and are being used to guide medical therapy in heart failure (HF) patients. However, recent data raised concern that those biomarkers may not be helpful in managing heart failure patients in general, and as such questioned their use in the advanced heart failure population. At this point, the use of biomarker to identify patients with myocardial recovery during LVAD support has not been established, and LVAD explantation remains a decision driven by echocardiographic and hemodynamics improvement.Summary
HF biomarkers in monitoring myocardial and neurohormonal activation response to mechanical unloading and medical therapy could be valuable. However, at this time, there is inadequate evidence to select a single or a set of HF biomarkers to reliably identify patients bridged to recovery for LVAD explantation.994.
Kimberly C. Claeys Teri L. Hopkins Ana D. Vega Emily L. Heil 《Current infectious disease reports》2018,20(5):7
Purpose of review
Fluoroquinolones are a commonly prescribed antibiotic class that has come under scrutiny in recent years due to mounting evidence of association between adverse drug events, C. difficile infection and isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Recent findings
Inpatient antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs have a toolbox of potential interventions to curb inappropriate antibiotic use, prevent antibiotic-associated adverse drug events, and avoid unnecessary costs of care. Fluoroquinolone restriction policies in the acute care setting have demonstrated beneficial effects, including decreased rates of C. difficile infection and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. However, a simple blanket restriction policy may “squeeze the antibiotic balloon” and will likely be insufficient if not implemented in conjunction with other AMS interventions.Summary
There is a growing body of evidence to support formulary restriction of fluoroquinolones in the acute care setting to decrease rates of C. difficile infection and development of ESBL-producing organisms. Data on how to best implement these restrictions or how to implement outside of acute care settings is limited.995.
Uday C. Ghoshal Deepakshi Srivastava Asha Misra 《Indian journal of gastroenterology》2018,37(5):416-423
Objective
Gut microbe-derived methane may slow colon transit causing chronic constipation (CC). Effect of rifaximin on breath methane and slow-transit CC was evaluated.Method
Bristol stool form, frequency, colon transit time (CTT), and breath methane were evaluated in 23 patients with CC (10 patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome [IBS-C], 13 functional constipation, Rome III) and m-ethane production compared with 68 non-constipating IBS. Methane-producing CC (basal ≥?10 PPM and/or post-lactulose rise by >?10 PPM) was randomized (double-blind) to rifaximin (400-mg thrice/day, 2-weeks) or placebo. Stool forms, frequency, breath methane, and CTT were recorded afterward.Results
CC patients tended to be methane producer more often (13/23 [56.5%] vs. 25/68 [36.5%], p?=?0.07) and had greater area under curve (AUC) for methane (2415 [435–23,580] vs. 1335 [0–6562.5], p?=?0.02) than non-constipating IBS. Methane producers (8/13 [61.5%]) and 5/10 (50%) non-producers had abnormal CTT (marker retention: 36-h, 53 [0–60] vs. 19 [8–56], p?=?0.06; 60-h, 16 [0–57] vs. 13 [3–56], p?=?0.877). Six and 7/13 methane producers were randomized to rifaximin and placebo, respectively. Rifaximin reduced AUC for methane more (6697.5 [1777.5–23,580] vs. 2617.5 [562.5–19,867.5], p?=?0.005) than placebo (3945 [2415–12,952.5] vs. 3720 [502.5–9210], p?=?0.118) at 1 month. CTT normalized in 4/6 (66.7%) on rifaximin (36-h retention, 54 [44–57] vs. 36 [23–60], p?=?0.05; 60-h, 45 [3–57] vs. 14 [11–51], p?=?0.09) but none on placebo (p?=?0.02) (36-h, 31 [0–60] vs. 25 [0–45], p?=?0.078; 60-h, 6 [0–54] vs. 12 [0–28], p?=?0.2). Weekly stool frequency (3 [1–9] and 7 [1–14], p?=?0.05) and forms improved with rifaximin than placebo.Conclusion
Rifaximin improves CC by altering methane production and colon transit.Trial registration
Clinical Trial Registry, India: REF/2012/01/003216996.
Background
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening emergency disorder, caused by an abrupt release of intracellular metabolites after tumor cell death. It is characterized by a series of metabolic manifestations, especially hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the incidence of tumor lysis syndrome among pediatric oncology patients before and after treatment.Methods
Hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted for 6 months on 61 newly diagnosed pediatric oncology patients. Socio-demographic data was collected by interview administered questionnaire. Patients were followed and the physical diagnosis, imaging and laboratory results were interpreted by senior physicians. Data was entered to and analyzed by SPSS version 23.Results
Among 61 pediatric oncology patients 39(63.9%) were males. The mean (±SD) age of the pediatric patients was 6.39 (±?3.67) years ranging from 2 months to 14 years. 29.5% of patients were found to have TLS. There were 11.5% and 18.0% of laboratory TLS (LTLS) and clinical TLS (CTLS) cases respectively. There were72.2% spontaneous and 27.8% treatment induced TLS cases with 23% and 21.3% cases of hyperuricemia and 4.9% and 6.6% cases of hyperkalemia incidence before and after treatment respectively. Only two patients died, in the study period, due to TLS.Conclusion
There was high incidence of TLS irrespective of socio-demographic variation among study participants, suggesting that children with cancer are at risk of developing TLS. As TLS is a life-threatening complication of malignancies, early identification of patients at risk and reducing morbidity and mortality is crucially important.997.
Yoshiharu Sada Yoshihiro Dohi Sayuri Uga Akifumi Higashi Hiroki Kinoshita Yasuki Kihara 《Heart and vessels》2016,31(8):1319-1326
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported to play a pivotal role in the vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent studies have revealed that Tregs are heterogeneous and can be characterized by three phenotypically and functionally different subsets. In this study, we investigated the roles of Treg subsets in the pathogenesis of PAH in eight patients with PAH and 14 healthy controls. Tregs and their subsets in peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Treg subsets were defined as CD4+CD45RA+FoxP3low resting Tregs (rTregs), CD4+CD45RA?FoxP3high activated Tregs (aTregs), and CD4+CD45RA?FoxP3low non-suppressive Tregs (non-Tregs). The proportion of Tregs among CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in PAH patients than in controls (6.54 ± 1.10 vs. 3.81 ± 0.28 %, p < 0.05). Of the three subsets, the proportion of non-Tregs was significantly elevated in PAH patients compared with controls (4.06 ± 0.40 vs. 2.79 ± 0.14 %, p < 0.01), whereas those of rTregs and aTregs were not different between the two groups. Moreover, the expression levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, a functional cell surface molecule, in aTregs (p < 0.05) and non-Tregs (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in PAH patients compared with controls. These results suggested the non-Treg subset was expanded and functionally activated in peripheral lymphocytes obtained from IPAH patients. We hypothesize that immunoreactions involving the specific activation of the non-Treg subset might play a role in the vascular remodeling of PAH. 相似文献
998.
999.
Charles Van Liew Maya Santoro Dhwani Kothari Jennalee Wooldridge Terry A. Cronan 《Journal of cross-cultural gerontology》2016,31(4):409-426
In the present study, ethnic differences in evaluating the severity and associated needs of medical complications experienced by an elderly man and the likelihood of seeking professional assistance (i.e., hire a healthcare advocate [HCA]) to care for him, and for one’s own family or parent should they become ill, as a function of previous caregiving experience, were investigated. The 974 participants were White, Black, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander. They read a hypothetical vignette about a 75-year-old man, Daryl, who was experiencing health problems. Participants were instructed to imagine that they were James, Daryl’s son, and asked to indicate how severe his condition(s) were, how much medical assistance he would require, and how likely they would be to hire an HCA to assist him. They were also asked to report whether they previously had assisted a parent with activities of daily living (Assistance) and whether they would be likely to hire an HCA in the future if 1) a family member or 2) a parent, specifically, became ill. Two, 2 (Assistance) × 4 (Ethnicity) multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) were performed to assess differential responses among individuals of different ethnicities as a function of previous caregiver experience. A priori interaction contrasts were examined to determine whether Black, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander participants differed on the outcomes from White participants as a function of previous caregiver experience. There were no significant differences between Black or Asian/Pacific Islander and White participants, but Hispanic participants assigned significantly higher severity and need for medical assistance ratings and were significantly more likely to indicate that they would seek assistance from an HCA with respect to the vignette and for their own parents in the future if they had provided caregiving to a parent in the past, whereas White participants were less likely to seek assistance from an HCA if they had provided caregiving in the past to a parent. Although ethnic differences in evaluations of Daryl’s condition and in the reported likelihoods of hiring an HCA in various contexts as a function of previous caregiving experience were limited, there are important inter-cultural differences to recognize. It may be important in future research to assess ethnic differences in the expectations and experiences of caregiving. 相似文献
1000.
Sukriti Sukriti Nirupma Trehanpati Manoj Kumar Chandana Pande Syed S. Hissar Shiv Kumar Sarin 《Hepatology International》2016,10(6):916-923