Effects of antisense mediated inhibition of cathepsin K on human osteoclasts obtained from peripheral blood.

Cathepsin K is a cystein protease that displays a proteolytic activity against Type I collagen and is abundantly and selectively expressed in osteoclasts where it plays a critical role in bone degradation. Its direct role in bone tissue has been defined by knock-out mice studies and inhibiting strategies in animals models. However, direct proof of cathepsin K function in human osteoclast model in vitro is lacking. The aim of this study is to analyze cathepsin K expression and localization in human osteoclasts obtained from peripheral blood and to examine cathepsin K function in these cells by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) strategy. AS-ODN was added to the culture of osteoclast precursors induced to differentiate by RANKL and M-CSF. AS-ODN treatment produced a significant down-regulation of cathepsin K mRNA (>80%) and protein expression, as verified respectively by Real-time PCR and by immunocytochemistry or Western blot. The cathepsin K inhibition caused an impairment of resorption activity as evaluated by a pit formation assay ( p = 0.045) and by electron microscopy, while the acidification process was unaffected. We demonstrated that antisense strategies against cathepsin K are selectively effective to inhibit resorption activity in human osteoclasts, like in animal models.     

Personality variables as moderators between hassles and subjective indications of distress

The research was designed to investigate the moderating effect of some personality traits on subjective distress caused by daily hassles. The traits were internal locus of control, repression, ego strength, and barrier (as studied and defined by S. Fisher). The last two variables were negatively correlated both with the somatic and emotional distress indications and with the frequency of hassles reportED; internal locus of control showed an inverse relationship only with frequency of hassles. The hypothesis is formulated that ego strength and barrier are personality factors influencing not only the outcomes of coping (ie the stress response), but also event appraisal.     

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis after suspension of progesterone-only oral treatment.

The intake of steroid hormone contraceptives is a strong and independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Several studies have assessed an increased risk of venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives who are carriers of the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene. Most trials evaluating the thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives are based on combined oral preparations, but only a few focus on progestogen-only oral preparations. Results from such studies are conflicting and globally assess the thrombotic risk, ranging from modest to slightly increased. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and the progestogen-based preparations. Herewith we report the case of a 49-year-old woman with a complex genetic thrombosis risk factor who had taken oral progesterone for 15 months without any complication, but then experienced severe left upper extremity deep vein thrombosis 2 months after the drug suspension.     

Portaclamp in video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery: Surgical technique and preliminary clinical experience

Video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery (VAMICS) is currently performed with various indications. However, despite the increasing evidence of its effectiveness, new approaches have to be defined to simplify this procedure, minimize its potential complications and limit its costs, for a wider use in the surgical community. The limited access to the aorta is a key point in VAMICS and mandates specific clamping modalities with their own limitations, costs and drawbacks. The Portaclamp (Cardio Life Research SA, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium), a new autoguided extravascular aortic cross-clamping system, has been recently proposed to facilitate VAMICS. Herein, we describe the Portaclamp approach and report our indications and preliminary clinical experience so to define its role in VAMICS.     

Die zweizeitige Unterkieferrekonstruktion mit einer 2,7-mm-Überbrückungsplatte

The two-phase reconstruction of the mandible with a 2.7-mm-Martin-reconstruction-plate creates a tumor free period that is followed by bone grafting to the embedded plate. We have treated 61 patients following this pattern from 2000 to 2005, follow-up was done in 56. 14 patients had received radiotherapy of 70?Gy. 43 plates healed in without any complications. Until 2005 bone grafting had been performed in 18 patients, in ten patients the plate had been removed.     

Early reconstruction of the abdominal wall in giant omphalocele.

Omphalocele is the most common congenital defect of the abdominal wall. Mortality rate is between 20 and 70% and early closure of the abdominal wall, within 10 days of life, is vital to the successful outcome of the surgical treatment. The authors describe the use of two bipedicled flaps of abdominal skin to correct the defect of the midline as soon as the reduction of all viscera has been accomplished.     

Intraoral Tumor of Chievitz in a Child

Juxtaoral organs known as organs of Chievitz are intramuscular embryonic structures found close to the angle of the mandible near the insertion of the pterygomandibular raphae. They are considered of neuroepithelial origin with no known function. We describe the first tumor of the organ of Chievitz which presented intraorally in a child. Immunohistochemically, the Chievitz nests showed positive reaction for vimentin, cytokeratins, and epithelial membrane antigen and ultrastructurally demonstrated cytoplasmic processes and intermediate filament bundles. These observations, together with light microscopic features, suggest that the epithelial nests of the organ of Chievitz are meningothelial rather than neuroepithelial. Received December 18, 1996; accepted March 13, 1997.     

On the mechanism of increased potassium conductance by the potassium channel opener BRL 34915 in Isolated ventricular myocytes

The potassium conductance increased by BRL 34915 (BRL, cromakalim) was studied in single guinea pig ventricular myocytes by using a whole cell voltage-clamp technique. In control voltage-clamp recordings, the late current-voltage relation showed a distinct inward rectification. BRL (1–100 μM) shortened the action potential and diminished or abolished inward rectification but had no effect on the slope conductance and currents flowing during hyperpolarizing clamp steps. BRL did not decrease the slow inward current but accelerated the time constant of activation and amplitude of the outward current. Cd markedly decreased (0.2 mM) or abolished (0.4–0.6 mM) the slow inward current and BRL induced a faster outward shift of late current to a greater value. Glybenclamide (10 μM), a blocker of ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels, had little effect of its own on action potential, membrane currents, and I-V relation. However, in the presence of BRL, glybenclamide abolished BRL effects on action potential and currents and restored inward rectification. It is concluded that the mechanism by which BRL shortens the action potential is a faster growth of an outward current due to the reduction or abolition of the inward rectification of an ATP-dependent potassium channel. The reduction in force in non-isolated tissues appears to be an indirect result of the action potential shortening and not of a decreased slow inward current.