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71.
Donna Marie Wing R.N. Ed.D. Timmy Thompson 《Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)》1995,12(6):417-423
Abstract Traditional Native American people are experiencing serious health, economic, and social problems resulting from alcoholism. Native Americans maintain a worldview of health and illness that conflicts with the dominant culture's approach to treatment. The purposes of this study were to describe the health beliefs of traditional Muscogee (Creek) Indians concerning the causes of illness and learn how these beliefs relate to alcoholism. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews of 55 traditional Muscogee (Creek) participants to learn traditional beliefs about illness and alcoholism. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results indicate that both illness and alcoholism are perceived as having natural and unnatural (supernatural) causes. A challenge facing nurses is how to provide culturally sensitive care when clients' and nurses' beliefs about the cause of alcoholism may be in conflict. The authors discuss preservation, accommodation, and repatterning of health care beliefs as a basis for planning culturally sensitive nursing care. 相似文献
72.
Marie Thérèse Labro 《Clinical microbiology and infection》1996,1(S1):S24-S30
A brief overview is provided of the bioactivity of macrolides against a range of bacterial species. Topics considered include the cellular pharmacokinetics of uptake and efflux of these drugs and the importance of intra- or extracellular and cytoplasmic or granular location on their activity. Emphasis is placed on the importance of synergy between macrolides and host defenses, with drug accumulation producing modification of cellular function, such as enhancement of phagocytosis, and exocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Such interaction may explain the activity of such agents against organisms which normally inhibit fusion of phagolysosomes. 相似文献
73.
Marianne R. Freeman Wiley Mittenberg Marie Dicowden Maya Bat-Ami 《Brain injury : [BI]》1992,6(1):65-70
A controlled treatment outcome study was conducted comparing the efficacy of memory remediation treatment with no treatment on traumatic brain-injury patients. The memory remediation treatment consisted of both compensatory and executive training skills and was delivered 6 hours weekly over a 2 1/2-week period. Six subjects in the treatment group and 6 subjects in the control group were matched on WAIS-R FSIQ scores, pre-test memory scores and age. Pre-and post-test measures were obtained for both groups on a paragraph memory task. A significant difference was demonstrated between the treatment and control post-test memory scores. The experimental group significantly improved memory scores beyond that of the control group, suggesting that memory remediation is effective for head-injury patients with memory deficits. Discussion of findings and suggestions for further investigation are presented. 相似文献
74.
Identifying environmental factors reflected to alcohol use is important for program planning and evaluation in college alcohol and drug prevention programs. Little has been written concerning uses of data in environmental prevention efforts. This paper presents four brief interrelated case studies of how environmental modifications were used by a college alcohol prevention project to 1) change the marketing practices and service policies of a student-oriented bar, 2) alter the sales practices of a campus bookstore concerning alcohol paraphernalia, 3) to develop a campaign with the goal of reducing risk factors related to heavy drinking at private student parties, and 4) stop an unsafe bus from transporting students to bars in Mexico. Creative use of such environmental prevention approaches has potential benefit to colleges and universities concerned with the primary prevention of alcohol-related problems experienced by students. 相似文献
75.
76.
Stroke rehabilitation is an area of practice that many occupational therapists encounter during their career. The literature promotes a wide range of management techniques and support devices for people who have a stroke-affected upper limb, but little is known about the validity of those that occupational therapists actually use in practice. A questionnaire was sent to occupational therapists working in Queensland and northern New South Wales facilities (n = 35), in which adults with a stroke were likely to be treated. Eighteen respondents answered questions about the management techniques and support devices used in their facility, and their perception of the benefit of these devices in the reduction of hemiplegic shoulder pain. Results are discussed with reference to evidence-based practice and indicate an urgent need for the collation and dissemination of the best current evidence available for the management techniques and support devices used in this area, as well as further research to extend this evidence. 相似文献
77.
Danuta Wasserman Christer HellstrÖm Jerzy Wasserman Olof Beck Eva Andersson Marie Åsberg 《Archives of Suicide Research》1997,3(3):153-169
The aim of this study was to investigate markers of serotonin and immune function in suicidal patients. Cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) and CD16 lymphocytes were studied in 28 suicide attempters and 26 healthy controls, and related in patients to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with CSF 5-HIAA below the median had significantly lower NK cell activity than other patients. CD16 cell frequency was significantly lower in patients than in controls, and patients also tended to have lower NK cell cytotoxicity than healthy controls. There were no statistically significant correlations between 4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), CSF cortisol and NK cell activity. The results support the hypothesis of compromised immune function in suicidal patients with evidence of disordered serotonin function. 相似文献
78.
IgM allotype heterozygous F1 mice were independently suppressed for Igh6a or Igh6b to
evaluate the contribution of B-1 and B-2 cells to natural serum IgM levels and Ab responses.
B-2 B cells expressing IgM of the suppressed allotype were evident in the spleens of
suppressed mice 4 to 6 weeks after cessation of the suppression regimen, whereas B-1 B
cells of the suppressed allotype were undetectable for up to 9 months. Although serum IgM
of the suppressed allotype was initially depleted in mice suppressed for either allotype, by
7 months of age, there were detectable levels of IgM of the suppressed allotype in the
serum; however, the levels were significantly below that found in nonsuppressed mice.
When mice were immunized with either the T-independent or T-dependent form of
phosphorylcholine, those suppressed for either allotype, and consequently depleted of B-1
B cells of that allotype, did not respond with phosphorylcholine-specific IgM of the
suppressed allotype. In contrast, when mice were immunized with α1-3 dextran, the Igh6a
allotype-suppressed mice were able to produce dextran-specific IgM of that allotype. These
results show that allotype-bearing B-1 cells of both allotypes can be effectively suppressed
by this suppression protocol and this produces long-lasting effects on B-1 cell levels and
serum IgM of the suppressed allotype. These observations reflect the derivation of the
majority of B-1 cells from fetal-neonatal precursors, which cannot be replaced by newly
emerging B-2 cells of adult origin. Their ablation by antibody treatment results in
permanent alterations to the adult B-cell repertoire. 相似文献
79.
Marie Biancuzzo 《分娩》1994,21(2):96-100
ABSTRACT: This case report describes a primipara who successfully breastfed 35-week-gestation twins for over six months. Positive interactions, research-based management strategies, and innovative problem solving helped her avoid the individual, interpersonal, and system factors that can injuence lactation failure. (BIRTH 21:2, June 1994) 相似文献
80.
Kristina A. Theis Louise Murphy Jennifer M. Hootman Charles G. Helmick Edward Yelin 《Arthritis care & research》2007,57(3):355-363