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181.
Nancy C Dolan M Rosario Ferreira Terry C Davis Marian L Fitzgibbon Alfred Rademaker Dachao Liu Brian P Schmitt Nicolle Gorby Michael Wolf Charles L Bennett 《Journal of clinical oncology》2004,22(13):2617-2622
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether lower literacy is associated with poorer knowledge and more negative attitudes and beliefs toward colorectal cancer screening among veterans without recent colorectal cancer screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy-seven male veterans, age 50 years and older, who had not undergone recent colorectal cancer screening, were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding colorectal cancer screening. Patients' literacy was assessed with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, an individually administered screening test for reading. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the 377 men had an eighth grade literacy level or higher. Men with lower literacy were 3.5 times as likely not to have heard about colorectal cancer (8.8% v 2.5%; P =.006), 1.5 times as likely not to know about screening tests (58.4% v 40.9%; P =.0001), and were more likely to have negative attitudes about fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), but not about flexible sigmoidoscopy. Specifically, men with lower literacy skills were two times as likely to be worried that FOBT was messy (26.7% v 13.3%; P =.008), 1.5 times as likely to feel that FOBT was inconvenient (28.7% v 18%; P =.05), and four times as likely to state they would not use an FOBT kit even if their physician recommended it (17.9% v 4.0%; P =.02). CONCLUSION: Limited literacy may be an overlooked barrier in colorectal cancer screening among veterans. 相似文献
182.
Immunoblotting of a repertoire of sperm antigens reacting with antisperm antibodies present in sera of infertile adults and prepubertal boys with testicular failure was performed. In the subgroups selected for this study, 55% of examined infertile women, 65% of infertile men and 64% of prepubertal boys with gonadal failure gave positive results by Western blotting with extracted sperm antigens. Sperm antigens with molecular weights of 57, 58, 62, 63 and 66 kDa were the most immunodominant entities recognized by antisperm antibodies from prepubertal boys. No positive reactions were detected by Western blotting in a control population of fertile adults, whereas in a group of prepubertal healthy boys only one sample revealed reactivity against sperm antigens of 58 and 70 kDa. 相似文献
183.
Marian L Neuhouser Ruth E Patterson Mark D Thornquist Gilbert S Omenn Irena B King Gary E Goodman 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2003,12(4):350-358
Despite the unexpected results from the beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) and similar supplementation trials showing that supplementation with beta-carotene increased, rather than decreased, lung cancer incidence, considerable interest remains in investigating how other compounds in fruits and vegetables may affect lung cancer risk. We used data from 14,120 CARET participants who completed food frequency questionnaires to examine associations of diet with lung cancer risk. After 12 years of follow-up (1989-2001), 742 participants developed lung cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were controlled for smoking, asbestos exposure, and other covariates. Analyses of specific botanical groups were also controlled for total fruit and vegetable intake. All models were stratified by CARET treatment arm, and all statistical tests were two-sided. Statistically significant associations of fruit and vegetable intake with lower lung cancer risk were restricted to the CARET placebo arm. The RR for highest versus lowest quintile of total fruit consumption in the placebo arm was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.39-0.81) with a two-sided P for trend = 0.003. Two specific botanical groups were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of rosaceae fruit consumption, placebo participants in the top quintile had a RR of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42-0.94; P for trend = 0.02); for cruciferae vegetables, the RR was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-1.04; P for trend = 0.01). We did not observe any statistically significant associations of fruit and vegetable intake with lung cancer risk among participants randomized to receive the CARET supplements (30 mg of beta-carotene and 25,000 IU of retinyl palmitate). This report provides evidence that plant foods have an important preventive influence in a population at high risk for lung cancer. However, persons who use beta-carotene supplements do not benefit from the protective compounds in plant foods. 相似文献
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189.
M. Respondek A. Włoch P. Kaczmarek D. Borowski J. Wilczynski E. Helwich 《Pediatric cardiology》1997,18(5):361-366
Fifty fetuses referred to the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital for fetal echocardiography between January 1, 1991 and June
1, 1995 were evaluated. The mean fetal gestational age at the time of diagnosis of arrhythmia was 34.1 weeks, and the mean
gestational age at the time of delivery was 38.7 weeks. Checkup echocardiographic examinations were performed every 10–14
days, for a mean 2.4 studies per fetus. In most cases (48/50, 96%), premature atrial contractions were present during the
first echocardiography examination. The fetal heart study was normal in 30 cases; in 7 (14%) there was tricuspid valve regurgitation,
in 7 (14%) an atrial septal aneurysm, in 4 congenital heart defects, in 1 myocardial hypertrophy, and in 1 disproportion in
the four-chamber view. Of the 50 fetuses, 43 underwent regular echocardiographic monitoring alone; in 7 cases, based on the
presence of additional echocardiographic findings, pharmacotherapy was applied (digoxin, verapamil, or both). Three neonates
died after delivery owing to malformations in two cases (one critical aortic stenosis, one spina bifida plus hygroma colli)
and due to myocarditis in one case. In six of seven newborns treated in utero, myocarditis was diagnosed after birth (including
the one with neonatal demise). Most of the newborns were in good condition after birth, their mean Apgar score being 8.6 and
the mean birth weight 3259 g. We concluded that most extrasystoles represent an isolated anomaly, not affecting the fetal
condition. Their presence should not influence the obstetric care and may require only echocardiographic monitoring. In most
of our cases the premature contractions subsided after birth, although sometimes they preceded fetal supraventricular tachycardia
or appeared after congenital myocarditis. 相似文献
190.
Results of altered therapy schedules obtained in postoperative treatment of 294 patients with malignant gliomas over last 20 years are presented. During this period 135 patients received Conventional Irradiation and Chemotherapy (CICH), 61 patients received Conventional Irradiation (CI), 59 patients received Split Course High Fractional Dose Irradiation (SCHFDI), and 39 patients received Twice a Day Accelerated Irradiation (TDAI). Actuarial survival rates at 2, 3 and 5 years were 19%, 7%, 0% respectively for patients treated with CICH, and they were 21%, 10%, 0% for CI group, 24%, 12%, 0% for SCHFDI option and 15%, 8%, 0% for TDAI schedule. According to the Cox proportional hazard model, only age was significant factor in prognosis. 相似文献