复发性口疮患者静止期与溃疡期T抑制细胞功能比较研究

目的 :本研究旨在比较RAU患者溃疡期和静止期外周血淋巴细胞抑制活性 ,探索T抑制细胞在RAU发病学中的作用。方法 :应用刀豆碱 (ConA)激活产生的淋巴细胞抑制检测方法探测了 12位RAU患者溃疡期和静止期外周血淋巴细胞抑制活性。结果 :溃疡期患者的T淋巴细胞抑制率明显低于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而患者静止期的抑制率与正常组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :RAU患者外周血T抑制细胞功能在溃疡期降低 ,但对其病损的发展无明显作用     

An Evaluation of Coverage and Compliance of Mass Drug Administration 2006 for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Endemic Areas of Gujarat

Background:

Mass drug administration (MDA) means once-in-a-year administration of diethyl carbamazine (DEC) tablet to all people (excluding children under 2 years, pregnant women and severely ill persons) in identified endemic areas. It aims at cessation of transmission of lymphatic filariasis.

Objective:

What has been the coverage and compliance of MDA in Gujarat during the campaign in December 2006?

Study Design:

Cross-sectional population based house-to-house visit.

Setting:

Urban and rural areas in Gujarat identified as endemic for filariasis where MDA 2006 was undertaken.

Study Variables:

Exploratory - Rural and urban districts; Outcome - coverage, compliance, actual coverage, side effects.

Analysis:

Percentage and proportions.

Results:

Twenty-six clusters, each comprising 32 households from six endemic districts, yielded an eligible population of 4164. The coverage rate was 85.2% with variation across different areas. The compliance with drug ingestion was 89% with a gap of 11% to be targeted by intensive IEC. The effective coverage (75.8%) was much below the target (85%). Side effects of DEC were minimum, transient and drug-specific. Overall coverage was marginally better in rural areas. The causes of poor coverage and compliance have been discussed and relevant suggestions have been made.     

HIV,highly active antiretroviral therapy and the heart: a cellular to epidemiological review

The advent of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for persons infected with HIV‐1 has led to a “new” chronic disease with complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection. In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, infection with HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD. This review summarizes: (1) the vascular and nonvascular cardiac manifestations of HIV infection; (2) cardiometabolic effects of HAART; (3) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, prevention and treatment in persons with HIV‐1 infection.     

A high-fat meal impairs muscle vasodilatation response to mental stress in humans with Glu27 β<Subscript>2</Subscript>-adrenoceptor polymorphism

Background  

Forearm blood flow responses during mental stress are greater in individuals homozygous for the Glu27 allele. A high-fat meal is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation. We investigated the impact of high-fat ingestion on the muscle vasodilatory responses during mental stress in individuals with the Glu27 allele and those with the Gln27 allele of the β₂-adrenoceptor gene.     

高效毛细管电泳法测定川芎注射液中川芎嗪含量

目的建立测定川芎注射液中川芎嗪含量的高效毛细管电泳法.方法以15mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.6)为电泳电解液,电压30kV(运行电流为25～30μA,检测波长280nm,内标为氨茶碱.结果川芎嗪迁移时间为2.70min,氨茶碱迁移时间为3.10min.川芎嗪含量在5.83～93.33μgm*l-1时,浓度与峰面积比呈良好线性关系,r=0.9999,日内、日间变异系数均＜2%.结论该方法简便,灵敏,特异性和重现性良好,具有较强的实用价值.     

Patient profile and comparison of three diagnostic criteria for cardiac sarcoidosis in a tuberculosis endemic population

Background:Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an underdiagnosed and life-threatening condition. Histopathological diagnosis is difficult due to the risks and variable diagnostic yield of endomyocardial biopsy.Objectives:To study the clinical profile and compare the diagnostic criteria of CS in a cohort of sarcoidosis.Methods:A retrospective review of the Sarcoidosis database (375 patients) was performed to identify patients with CS. Demographic and clinical details were retrieved. We applied the available diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of CS: The World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases (WASOG), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (JMHW) criteria.Results:Out of the 375 patients, 15 (4%) were identified with CS. The median age was 41 years, and 53% were female. The most common symptoms were breathlessness, palpitation, and fatigue in 80%, 53.3%, and 46.6% of patients, respectively. Tuberculin positivity (≥ 10mm induration) was seen in 26.6%. 80% and 53.3% of the patients had abnormal ECG and 2D echocardiography findings, respectively. Six patients had a history of Ventricular tachycardia (40%). LV Ejection fraction was reduced in 12 subjects (80%). Cardiac-MRI showed late gadolinium enhancement in 53.3%. A definitive histopathological diagnosis for sarcoidosis was established in 86.6% (13/15) patients. Of the 15, all satisfied JMHW criteria and WASOG criteria (12 (80%) at least probable category, 3 (20%) possible CS), and 13 (86.6%) met HRS criteria for a diagnosis of CS.Conclusion:In a cohort of 375 patients with sarcoidosis in a tuberculosis endemic setting, 4% were diagnosed with cardiac sarcoidosis. Histopathological diagnosis may be obtained by sampling from extracardiac sites. JMHW and WASOG criteria perform equally well in TB endemic settings.     

Photochemical inactivation of viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates by use of a novel psoralen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light

BACKGROUND: A photochemical treatment process has been developed for the inactivation of viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates. This process is based on the photochemical reaction of a novel psoralen, S- 59, with nucleic acids upon illumination with long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA, 320–400 nm). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: High levels of pathogens were added to single-donor platelet concentrates containing 3 to 5 × 10(11) platelets in 300 mL of 35-percent autologous plasma and 65-percent platelet additive solution. After treatment with S-59 (150 microM) and UVA (0-3 J/cm2), the infectivity of each pathogen was measured with established biologic assays. In vitro platelet function after photochemical treatment was evaluated during 7 days of storage by using a panel of 14 assays. The in vivo recovery and life span of photochemically treated platelets were evaluated after 24 hours of storage in a primate transfusion model. RESULTS: The following levels of pathogen inactivation were achieved:>10(6.7) plaque-forming units (PFU) per mL of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),>10(6.6) PFU per mL of cell-associated HIV,>10(6.8) infectious dose (ID50) per mL of duck hepatitis B virus (a model for hepatitis B virus),>10(6.5) PFU per mL of bovine viral diarrhea virus (a model for hepatitis C virus),>10(6.6) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and>10(5.6) colony-forming units of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Expression of integrated HIV was inhibited by 0.1 microM S- 59 and 1 J per cm2 of UVA. In vitro and in vivo platelet function were adequately maintained after antiviral and antibacterial treatment. CONCLUSION: Photochemical treatment of platelet concentrates offers the potential for reducing transfusion-related viral and bacterial diseases.     

HER2 challenge contest: a detailed assessment of automated HER2 scoring algorithms in whole slide images of breast cancer tissues

Aims

Evaluating expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by visual examination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on invasive breast cancer (BCa) is a key part of the diagnostic assessment of BCa due to its recognized importance as a predictive and prognostic marker in clinical practice. However, visual scoring of HER2 is subjective, and consequently prone to interobserver variability. Given the prognostic and therapeutic implications of HER2 scoring, a more objective method is required. In this paper, we report on a recent automated HER2 scoring contest, held in conjunction with the annual PathSoc meeting held in Nottingham in June 2016, aimed at systematically comparing and advancing the state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence (AI)‐based automated methods for HER2 scoring.

Methods and results

The contest data set comprised digitized whole slide images (WSI) of sections from 86 cases of invasive breast carcinoma stained with both haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and IHC for HER2. The contesting algorithms predicted scores of the IHC slides automatically for an unseen subset of the data set and the predicted scores were compared with the ‘ground truth’ (a consensus score from at least two experts). We also report on a simple ‘Man versus Machine’ contest for the scoring of HER2 and show that the automated methods could beat the pathology experts on this contest data set.

Conclusions

This paper presents a benchmark for comparing the performance of automated algorithms for scoring of HER2. It also demonstrates the enormous potential of automated algorithms in assisting the pathologist with objective IHC scoring.