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51.
52.
Specific Detection of Pasteurella multocida in Chickens with Fowl Cholera and in Pig Lung Tissues Using Fluorescent rRNA In Situ Hybridization
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Paul Gichohi Mbuthia Henrik Christensen Mette Boye Kamille Majken Dumong Petersen Magne Bisgaard Phillip Njeru Nyaga John Elmerdahl Olsen 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2001,39(7):2627-2633
A Pasteurella multocida species-specific oligonucleotide probe, pmhyb449, targeting 16S rRNA was designed and evaluated by whole-cell hybridization against 22 selected reference strains in animal tissues. It differentiated P. multocida from other bacterial species of the families Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and also from divergent species of the order Cytophagales (except biovar 2 strains of Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella canis, which have high 16S rRNA similarity to P. multocida). The potential of the probe for specific identification and differentiation of P. multocida was further detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissues from experimental fowl cholera in chickens and infections in pigs. In chicken lung tissues P. multocida cells were detected singly, in pairs, as microcolonies, and as massive colonies within air capillaries (septa and lumen), parabronchial septa, and blood vessels (wall and lumen). In pig lung, postmortem-injected P. multocida was detected in the alveoli (lumen and wall), and in both animals the bacterial cells were seen in the bronchi. The results showed that with the oligonucleotide probe pmhyb449, fluorescent in situ hybridization is a suitable and fast method for specific detection of P. multocida in histological formalin-fixed tissues. The test was replicable and reproducible and is recommended as a supplementary test for diagnosis and as a tool in pathogenesis studies of fowl cholera and respiratory tract infections in pigs due to P. multocida. 相似文献
53.
Suzuki R Allen NE Key TJ Appleby PN Tjønneland A Johnsen NF Jensen MK Overvad K Boeing H Pischon T Kaaks R Rohrmann S Trichopoulou A Misirli G Trichopoulos D Bueno-de-Mesquita HB van Duijnhoven F Sacerdote C Pala V Palli D Tumino R Ardanaz E Quirós JR Larrañaga N Sánchez MJ Tormo MJ Jakszyn P Johansson I Stattin P Berglund G Manjer J Bingham S Khaw KT Egevad L Ferrari P Jenab M Riboli E 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2009,124(1):245-249
Few studies have examined the association between dietary fiber intake and prostate cancer risk. We evaluated the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of prostate cancer among 142,590 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Consumption of dietary fiber (total, cereal, fruit and vegetable fiber) was estimated by validated dietary questionnaires and calibrated using 24-hr dietary recalls. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using Cox regression and adjusted for potential confounding factors. During an average of 8.7 years follow-up, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 2,747 men. Overall, there was no association between dietary fiber intake (total, cereal, fruit or vegetable fiber) and prostate cancer risk, although calibrated intakes of total fiber and fruit fiber were associated with nonstatistically significant reductions in risk. There was no association between fiber derived from cereals or vegetables and risk and no evidence for heterogeneity in any of the risk estimates by stage or grade of disease. Our results suggest that dietary fiber intake is not associated with prostate cancer risk. 相似文献
54.
Jenab M McKay JD Ferrari P Biessy C Laing S Munar GM Sala N Peña S Crusius JB Overvad K Jensen MK Olsen A Tjonneland A Clavel-Chapelon F Boutron-Ruault MC Kaaks R Linseisen J Boeing H Bergmann MM Trichopoulou A Georgila C Psaltopoulou T Mattiello A Vineis P Pala V Palli D Tumino R Numans ME Peeters PH Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Lund E Ardanaz E Sánchez MJ Dorronsoro M Sanchez CN Quirós JR Hallmans G Stenling R Manjer J Régner S Key T Bingham S Khaw KT Slimani N Rinaldi S Boffetta P Carneiro F 《European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)》2008,44(6):774-780
55.
Optimizing Staining Protocols for Laser Microdissection of Specific Cell Types from the Testis Including Carcinoma In Situ
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Si Brask Sonne Marlene D. Dalgaard John Erik Nielsen Christina E. Hoei-Hansen Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts Lise Mette Gjerdrum Henrik Leffers 《PLoS Clinical Trials》2009,4(5)
Microarray and RT-PCR based methods are important tools for analysis of gene expression; however, in tissues containing many different cells types, such as the testis, characterization of gene expression in specific cell types can be severely hampered by noise from other cells. The laser microdissection technology allows for enrichment of specific cell types. However, when the cells are not morphologically distinguishable, it is necessary to use a specific staining method for the target cells. In this study we have tested different fixatives, storage conditions for frozen sections and staining protocols, and present two staining protocols for frozen sections, one for fast and specific staining of fetal germ cells, testicular carcinoma in situ cells, and other cells with embryonic stem cell-like properties that express the alkaline phosphatase, and one for specific staining of lipid droplet-containing cells, which is useful for isolation of the androgen-producing Leydig cells. Both protocols retain a morphology that is compatible with laser microdissection and yield RNA of a quality suitable for PCR and microarray analysis. 相似文献
56.
Student and faculty assumptions about the nature of uncertainty in medicine and medical education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Clinical reasoning involves an element of uncertainty. Teaching clinical reasoning involves understanding how students view uncertainty as well as how medical problems are solved. This study uses Perry's model of intellectual development to explore changes in how medical students, residents, and instructors think about the nature of knowledge. A total of 31 medical students, residents, and instructors completed the Widick and Knefelkamp Measure of Intellectual Development revised to focus specifically on uncertainty in medicine. Consistent with Perry's theory, scores reflected increasing degrees of acceptance of the role of uncertainty in medicine with increasing experience. Based on these results, it is concluded that to improve the effectiveness of teaching problem solving in medicine, faculty must challenge the assumptions held by medical students about the certainty of medical knowledge while teaching the process of clinical diagnosis. 相似文献
57.
The methods of Insall and Salvati, Blackburne and Peel, Caton and Laurin of assessing the vertical position of the patella, were applied on 200 normal knees. The indices for Insall and Salvati's, and Blackburne and Peel's methods were 1.07 +/- 0.25 and 0.78 +/- 0.19 respectively, independent of sex and flexion of the knee. The measurements for Caton's index were 0.95 +/- 0.24 and 0.88 +/- 0.22 at kneeflexions of 45 degrees and 90 degrees. Laurin's method was insufficient as it showed 50% of the patellas to be high riding. The different methods were compared. The technique of Insall and Salvati was a reliable and applicable method, and is therefore recommended for routine use. 相似文献
58.
L Dalgaard J J Hansen J L Pedersen 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》1989,7(3):361-368
Human and bovine serum albumin bound to silica or aminopropyl silica were used as chiral stationary phases (CSPs). D,L-Thyronine, D,L-tryptophan, N-benzoyl-D,L-phenylalanine, D,L-warfarin and D,L-benzoin could be resolved on these CSPs using a mobile phase of 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The capacity factor of D-thyronine was higher than that of L-thyronine. The resolution of D,L-thyronine was completely lost by the presence of bilirubin in the mobile phase, but only little affected by caprylate. By contrast, the resolution of D,L-tryptophan was not affected by bilirubin, but lost by the presence of caprylate. These results are consistent with binding of D-thyronine to the bilirubin binding site and L-tryptophan to the caprylate binding site in albumin, respectively, and suggests that such "displacement chromatography" can be used for the determination of binding sites. The optical purity of D-thyroxine in tablets was determined indirectly after de-iodination by catalytic hydrogenation. 相似文献
59.
Danesh J Saracci R Berglund G Feskens E Overvad K Panico S Thompson S Fournier A Clavel-Chapelon F Canonico M Kaaks R Linseisen J Boeing H Pischon T Weikert C Olsen A Tjønneland A Johnsen SP Jensen MK Quirós JR Svatetz CA Pérez MJ Larrañaga N Sanchez CN Iribas CM Bingham S Khaw KT Wareham N Key T Roddam A Trichopoulou A Benetou V Trichopoulos D Masala G Sieri S Tumino R Sacerdote C Mattiello A Verschuren WM Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Grobbee DE van der Schouw YT Melander O Hallmans G Wennberg P 《European journal of epidemiology》2007,22(2):129-141
EPIC-Heart is the cardiovascular component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a multi-centre
prospective cohort study investigating the relationship between nutrition and major chronic disease outcomes. Its objective
is to advance understanding about the separate and combined influences of lifestyle (especially dietary), environmental, metabolic
and genetic factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases by making best possible use of the unusually informative
database and biological samples in EPIC. Between 1992 and 2000, 519,978 participants (366,521 women and 153,457 men, mostly
aged 35–70 years) in 23 centres in 10 European countries commenced follow-up for cause- specific mortality, cancer incidence
and major cardiovascular morbidity. Dietary information was collected with quantitative questionnaires or semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaires, including a 24-h dietary recall sub-study to help calibrate the dietary measurements. Information
was collected on physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, occupational history, socio-economic status, and
history of previous illnesses. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure recordings were made in the majority of participants.
Blood samples were taken from 385,747 individuals, from which plasma, serum, red cells, and buffy coat fractions were separated
and aliquoted for long-term storage. By 2004, an estimated 10,000 incident fatal and non-fatal coronary and stroke events
had been recorded. The first cycle of EPIC-Heart analyses will assess associations of coronary mortality with several prominent
dietary hypotheses and with established cardiovascular risk factors. Subsequent analyses will extend this approach to non-fatal
cardiovascular outcomes␣and to further dietary, biochemical and genetic factors. 相似文献
60.
Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunction 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
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Krauss S Zhang CY Scorrano L Dalgaard LT St-Pierre J Grey ST Lowell BB 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2003,112(12):1831-1842
Failure to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to increasing concentrations of glucose is an important feature of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism for loss of glucose responsiveness is unknown. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), by virtue of its mitochondrial proton leak activity and consequent negative effect on ATP production, impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Of interest, it has recently been shown that superoxide, when added to isolated mitochondria, activates UCP2-mediated proton leak. Since obesity and chronic hyperglycemia increase mitochondrial superoxide production, as well as UCP2 expression in pancreatic beta cells, a superoxide-UCP2 pathway could contribute importantly to obesity- and hyperglycemia-induced beta cell dysfunction. This study demonstrates that endogenously produced mitochondrial superoxide activates UCP2-mediated proton leak, thus lowering ATP levels and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, hyperglycemia- and obesity-induced loss of glucose responsiveness is prevented by reduction of mitochondrial superoxide production or gene knockout of UCP2. Importantly, reduction of superoxide has no beneficial effect in the absence of UCP2, and superoxide levels are increased further in the absence of UCP2, demonstrating that the adverse effects of superoxide on beta cell glucose sensing are caused by activation of UCP2. Therefore, superoxide-mediated activation of UCP2 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of beta cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. 相似文献