正常成人睾丸血流的彩色多普勒观察

为了探讨彩色多普勒血流显像技术显示正常人睾丸内血流的可行性，并探讨睾丸的血流动力学特征，我们对２０名正常人双侧睾丸进行了彩色多普勒检查。结果显示，彩色多普勒能显示所有睾丸的包膜动脉、向心动脉。正常睾丸的包膜动脉和向心动脉收缩期峰值血流速度的均值分别为９．００ｃｍ／ｓ和７．４２ｃｍ／ｓ；舒张末期血流速度均值分别为３．５０ｃｍ／ｓ和３．３８ｃｍ／３，本文对睾丸彩色血流显像和多普勒频谱特点也作了讨论。     

儿童孟氏骨折并同侧桡尺骨远端骨骺骨折

儿童孟氏骨折并桡尺骨远端骨骺骨折临床上不多见，其病理改变复杂，治疗较困难，近10年来，在全国名老中医朱少廷教授指导下，采用手法复位、杉树皮夹板外固定治疗15例，收到满意疗效，现报告如下。     

115例乳腺癌临床分析

目的 :总结乳腺癌的发病规律、早期临床表现 ,提高乳腺癌的诊断及治疗水平。 方法 :对 115例乳腺癌患者的临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后进行回顾性分析。 结果 :红外线诊断占 78 3% (18/ 2 3) ,X线钼靶的诊断占93 5 % (2 9/ 31) ,细胞学诊断占 80 % (16 / 2 0 )。分期早期与晚期的雌激素受体 (ER)及抗凋亡相关基因 (Bag 1)的表达差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,腋淋巴结转移组与无淋巴结转移组Bag 1的表达差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。随访 89例 ,2年、5年生存率分别为 92 .1% (82 / 89)和 85 7% (5 4 / 6 3)。 结论 :本组乳腺癌患病年龄以 4 1～6 0岁年龄多见 ,红外线、X线钼靶、细胞学检查是诊断乳腺癌的主要手段。早诊断、早治疗是提高乳腺癌患者生存率的关键。     

1515例精神科住院患者医院感染调查与分析

目的：了解精神科住院患者医院感染情况，以利采取切实可行的预防控制措施，降低感染率。方法：对我院两年半间住院患者进行有关医院感染的调查，逐份查阅原始记录，填写统一表格，将所得资料进行相关分析。结果：医院感染72例，感染率为4．75％；感染多发生在20～29岁和30—39岁组：精神分裂症为医院感染例数最多的病种(占68．06％)；皮肤及软组织和下呼吸道感染为主要感染部位，分别为23．61％和22．22％；男女两性在年龄和病程方面差异均无显著性。结论：预防及控制精神病患者的医院感染应从病人初入院时即开始；在积极控制精神症状的同时，采取多方面措施，尽可能去除医院感染的易感因素；合理规范使用抗生素，增强患者体质等，这些均有助于预防及控制医院感染。     

重症肌无力抗乙酰胆碱受体单链抗体基因的构建

[目的 ]构建重症肌无力抗乙酰胆碱受体主要免疫原区单链抗体A 7基因 .[方法 ]应用PCR技术及基因克隆技术分两步完成重链和轻链可变区基因的克隆 ,再对构建的单链抗体A 7基因进行序列测定检测其核苷酸序列 .[结果 ]构建的重组质粒经序列分析 ,重链可变区基因长度为 36 9bp ,轻链可变区基因长度为 32 1bp ,单链抗体基因长度为 735bp ;单链抗体A 7基因正确地插入在载体质粒pHEN 2开放读码框架内 .[结论 ]成功地构建重症肌无力抗乙酰胆碱受体主要免疫原区单链抗体A 7基因 ,为进一步制备基因工程抗体奠定了基础 .     

颞部-颌下联合进路切除咽旁颞下区巨大肿瘤(附2例报道)

[目的]探讨切除侵犯中颅窝的咽旁颞下区巨大肿瘤安全而彻底的手术进路.利用颞部切口可充分暴露中颅窝底和颞下窝以及颌下进路显露咽旁区解剖的特点,联合进路切除2例咽旁颞下区巨大肿瘤.2例侵犯中颅窝底的咽旁颞下区肿瘤顺利切除,患者术中组织损伤、出血量相对较少,术后无严重并发症.[结论]颞部-颌下联合进路适合于侵犯中颅窝底的咽旁颞下区肿瘤的手术切除.     

The significance of a rapid cold hemagglutination test for detecting mycoplasma infections in children with asthma exacerbation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is a frequent cause of community-acquired respiratory infections in children and adults. However, standardized, rapid, specific methods for its diagnosis are lacking. The relationship between M. pneumoniae infection and asthma exacerbation has been recently discussed in the literature. We investigated the accuracy of rapid detection of mycoplasma infection by cold hemagglutination test compared to conventional enzyme immunoassays. The clinical characteristics of mycoplasma infection seen during emergent visits in asthmatic children were reviewed. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with asthma exacerbation visiting the Department of Pediatric Emergency, National Taiwan University Hospital, over a 12-month period. Subjects 2-18 years of age diagnosed with asthma at our outpatient clinic were included in this study. Patients with immunodeficiency, congenital anomalies, neurological diseases and irregular follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 269 children (174 males and 95 females) with a mean (+/- standard deviation) age of 6.15 +/- 3.08 years were included. The prevalence of asthma exacerbation in regular follow-up patients was 13.4%, and as many as 19.6% of cases (74/378 person-times) required hospitalization. Asthma attacks were most prevalent during December. 126 patients had both rapid cold hemagglutination testing and mycoplasma immunoglobulin M titers determined using acute blood samples drawn in the emergency room; 46 (36.5%) of these patients demonstrated mycoplasma infection. Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid cold hemagglutination test was 78.3% and 41.3%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 43.4%. Comparison of patients with or without mycoplasma infection revealed no differences in gender, age, chest X-ray findings, and most symptoms/signs and laboratory data, except that more signs of fever and auscultatory rales were seen in the non-mycoplasma infection group. CONCLUSIONS: Mycoplasma infections could be an exacerbating factor for asthma, and the rapid cold hemagglutination test should not be a guideline for prescribing macrolides in the emergency room.     

Methodology of functional studies in nephrologic clinic

Authors have worked out the methodology of functional diagnosis in nephrologic clinic—strategy, tactics and individual programme—on the basis of their own experience. The strategy is based on the natural functions of excretory and incretory renal function and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of indices. The tactics is based on the natural functions of evolution of renal diseases and probable exogenic and endogenic influences. The individual program involves standardization of conditions, complex usage of methods and integration of the results obtained. The interrelation between the methodologic foundations and their components is presented.