Geometry of thoracolumbar vertebral endplates of the human spine

Novel and better vertebral body replacement constructs are always desired by surgeons. Endplate geometry is crucial for the design of those implants, but current literature on that topic is very scarce. The authors present a morphometric study of thoracolumbar vertebral endplates, the goal of which was to analyze the geometry of endplates from T10 inferior to L3 superior by employing data from CT scans, as well as to verify the reliability of data derived from the CT measurement. Reformatted CT scans of 83 individuals were analyzed and sagittal concave angle, location of concave region, sagittal diameter of endplate, coronal concave angle, as well as transverse diameter of endplate were measured in midsagittal plane and specified coronal plane. The data of CT and cadaveric measurements of ten cadaveric specimens were also compared. Age and gender did not influence sagittal concave angle, location of concave region, and coronal concave angle significantly (P > 0.05). No significant difference has been revealed among each endplate for sagittal concave angle (range 162.5°–163.9°) and location of concave region (range 42.5–44.2%), either. Ranging between 170.9° and 175.7°, coronal concave angle was constantly larger in superior endplate than in inferior one. The sagittal and transverse endplate diameters of females were significantly smaller than those of males (P < 0.05), being about 88% of the latter one. The mean difference between CT and cadaveric measurements was small (Cronbach alpha > 0.8). Those morphologic parameters, especially the concavity of endplates, should be taken into consideration when designing novel vertebral body replacement constructs. CT measurement data could be used to calculate most suitable geometric parameters of those implants.     

手术室护士维护患者安全行为及其影响因素的研究

目的 了解手术室护士维护患者安全的护理行为现状及其影响因素,为实施针对性教育和管理提供参考.方法 采用自行设计的手术室护士维护患者安全护理行为问卷对109名手术室护士进行调查.结果 手术室护士得分最高和最低的维度分别是正确识别患者(4.43±0.85)和鼓励患者及其家属参与照护(3.60±0.96).影响手术室护士安全...     

Comparison of the 6th and 7th Editions of the UICC TNM Staging System for Gastric Cancer: Results of a Chinese Single-Institution Study of 1,503 Patients

Aim

To evaluate the prognostic efficacy of the 7th edition tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification compared with the 6th edition in gastric cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 1,503 gastric cancer patients undergoing surgical resection were staged using the 6th and 7th edition staging systems. Homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of gradients of the two systems were compared using linear trend χ², likelihood ratio χ² statistics, and Akaike information criterion (AIC) calculations.

Results

Significant differences in 5-year survival rates were observed for the T, N, and M subgroups using the 7th edition system, except for stage N2 and N3 patients in the 6th edition system. There were no significant differences in survival between IB and IIA in the 7th edition system. Patients with stage IV disease due to T4/N3 in the 6th edition system who were downstaged to stage III in the 7th edition system had significantly better survival than those who remained at stage IV. The 7th edition system had higher linear trend and likelihood ratio χ² scores, and smaller AIC values compared with those for the 6th edition, which represented the optimum prognostic stratification.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the 7th edition system performs better than the 6th edition in several aspects.     

区域动脉灌注治疗重症急性胰腺炎实验研究

目的 寻求治疗重症急性胰腺炎的有效途径。方法 复制大鼠重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）模型,随机分组后经股动脉插管至腹腕动脉开口处,分别给予善得定、改善微循环药物及两种药物联合持续动脉灌注,观察胰腺、肝脏病理改变及血淀粉酶、肝功能的变化。结果 模型建立6h后（对照组）血清淀粉酶、肝功能有指标明显升,胰腺水肿、渗出并有大片出血、坏死,肝脏淤血肿胀,各治疗组都有不同程度的治疗作用,其中联合用药组疗效最佳。结论 区域动脉灌注是治疗SAP的有效方法,对肯功能障碍有重要作用,是进一步提高疗效的有效途径。     

兴奋胆碱能通路对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能的保护作用

目的:观察不同方式激活胆碱能受体途径对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能的保护作用.方法:静脉注射内毒素(LPS,10 mg/kg和5 mg/kg)复制大鼠内毒素血症模型(每组10只),肠系膜上动脉夹闭1 h后松夹复制肠缺血/再灌注模型(每组6只),兔肠系膜上动脉部分阻断后4 h恢复血流复制兔肠部分缺血/再灌注模型(每组5只).内毒素血症大鼠分别施与迷走神经刺激或电针副交感神经相关穴位(后三里穴),并分别设模型组、假手术组和迷走神经切断组或电针假穴组;肠缺血/再灌注动物经肠袋(距离回盲部15 cm处起始,向空肠端作一个长约10 cm肠袋,保留血液供应)给予卡巴胆碱(大鼠:0.1 mg/kg;兔:3μg/kg),并设假手术组和模型组.各组大鼠于实验结束时、各组兔于上动脉阻断0、2、4、6、8 h及1、2、3 d取股动脉血测定血浆丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性.结果:与模型组、迷走神经切断组或电针假穴组比较,采用迷走神经刺激或电针刺激副交感神经相关穴位(后三里穴)明显降低内毒素血症大鼠早期血浆ALT活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);肠缺血及再灌注后大鼠ALT明显升高,肠袋给予卡巴胆碱后ALT水平均有明显改善.肠袋输注卡巴胆碱兔血浆ALT活性在缺血/再灌注早期较缺血前增加,再灌注后逐渐恢复,伤后3 d基本接近正常水平,而模型组则逐渐升高.结论:通过刺激副交感神经或局部给予拟胆碱药的方式激活胆碱能受体途径对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能具有不同程度的保护作用.     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。     

经直肠高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的探讨经直肠高强度聚焦超声（high-intensity focused ultrasound，HIFU）治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的有效性和安全性。方法对150例BPH患者采用Sonablate 500型“经直肠超声聚能刀”进行前列腺消融术。在术前、术后30min，1、2、6和12个月，经直肠超声观察前列腺和前列腺部尿道的影像学变化，通过尿液分析、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（Qmax）和残余尿量（PVR）进行疗效评估，同时观察术后并发症。23例术后12个月行排尿期膀胱尿道造影。结果对143例进行了12个月的观察随访，术后IPSS评分和QOL评分降低，PVR减少，Qmax明显提高（P〈0．01），前列腺体积缩小（P〈0．05）。前列腺消融时间25—90min。术后留置尿管时间为3—19d，7例术后反复排尿困难、药物治疗效果不佳者行TURP手术，3例患者出现附睾炎，1例术后15d发生尿道直肠瘘。术后经直肠超声观察和膀胱尿道造影，证实术后前列腺部尿道较术前明显增宽。结论“经直肠超声聚能刀”前列腺消融术，能对前列腺组织进行选择性破坏，具有微创（无血手术）、安全和并发症少等优点。对前列腺中叶增生明显者可联合TURP治疗。“经直肠超声聚能刀”治疗BPH近期疗效满意，远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

主动脉瓣重度狭窄伴左心室收缩功能受损患者的外科疗效分析

目的分析主动脉瓣置换术在治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄伴左心室收缩功能受损患者中的疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年12月在第二军医大学长海医院接受手术治疗的主动脉瓣重度狭窄伴左心室收缩功能受损[左心室射血分数（LVEF）〈50％]患者的临床资料,排除二尖瓣狭窄患者。共纳入29例患者,男22例、女7例,年龄14～76（56.3±12．9）岁。将患者手术前后临床及心脏超声心动图相关指标进行比较,评价手术效果,并根据患者LVEF恢复情况,分析可能影响患者术后心脏功能恢复的危险因素。结果术后早期死亡1例。其余28例患者术后主动脉瓣跨瓣压差由（97．6±25．1）mmHg降至（25．0±9．7）mmHg,LVEF由41％±6％增加至56％±11％,左心室舒张／收缩期末直径／容积均较术前明显改善（P均〈0．001）。结论主动脉瓣膜置换术是主动脉瓣重度狭窄伴左心室收缩功能受损患者的有效治疗方法,术后左心室超声指标显著改善。术前左心室扩大程度较低可能更利于术后LVEF的恢复。     

The relationship between spinopelvic parameters and clinical symptoms of severe isthmic spondylolisthesis: a prospective study of 64 patients

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between spinopelvic parameters and clinical symptoms for patients with severe isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Methods

A series of spinopelvic parameters were measured in 64 patients with L5 severe isthmic spondylolisthesis. The patients were divided into two groups according to Oswestry score obtained preoperatively, i.e. mild or severe low back pain group. T test was used to compare parameters between two groups, and multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the association between parameters and Oswestry score.

Results

Compared with two group patients, parameters of spondylolisthesis grade, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), T9 tilting angle (T9TA), sacro-femoral horizontal distance (SFHD), distance between perpendicular line through C7 and sacrum (SC7D), pelvic tilt/sacral slope (PT/SS), sacro-femoral horizontal distance/vertical distance (SFHD/SFVD), and lumbar lordosis/thoracic kyphosis (LL/TK) were significantly increased in severe low back pain group, while SS and SFVD were significantly decreased, and no significant difference was found for pelvic incidence (PI) and TK. The statistical analysis showed that spondylolisthesis grade, PT, SC7D, LL, SFHD, PT/SS, SFHD/SFVD, and LL/TK had a significant positive correlation with Oswestry score, with an order of spondylolisthesis grade > PT/SS > SC7D > PT > SFHD/SFVD > SFHD > LL/TK > LL. No significant correlation was found for PI, TK, T9TA with Oswestry score, while SS and SFVD had a significant negative correlation with Oswestry score, with an order of SS > SFVD.

Conclusions

The spinopelvic parameters (spondylolisthesis grade, SS, PT, SC7D, LL, SFVD, SFHD, PT/SS, SFHD/SFVD, LL/TK) are significantly correlated with clinical symptoms of severe isthmic spondylolisthesis in patients. The association of the exacerbation of low back pain with SS (correlation coefficient −0.981, strong) and SFVD (correlation coefficient −0.802, strong) is the most significant correlation.