2477例不育男子的染色体分析

目的通过2477例不育男性的染色体检查分析,探讨遗传性因素在男性不育症中的重要性。方法采取2477例不育男性的外周血进行染色体核型分析。结果检出染色体异常465例,阳性检出率为18．7%,其中明显异常348例(14．0%),多态等微细变异117例(4．7%)。结论染色体异常是男性不育的重要病因,染色体检查不但有助于明确诊断而且可避免盲目治疗。     

原位肝移植术后胆管狭窄的治疗(附43例报告)

目的探讨原位肝移植（0LT）术后胆管狭窄（BS）治疗方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第三医院肝脏移植中心2003年10月至2005年10月收治的们例OLT术后BS的治疗方法及其疗效。们例BS的治疗方法主要包括经十二指肠镜逆行胆管造影（ERC）、经皮肝穿刺胆管造影（PTC）、经T管的胆管介入治疗、胆肠吻合术、肝动脉内支架术及再次肝移植术。结果们例BS总治愈率为48．8％（21／43），好转率为30．2％（13／43），总有效率为79．0％（34／43）。41例BS的介入治疗治愈率为34．1％（14／41），好转率为31．7％（13／41），总有效率为65．8％（27／41）。吻合口型、肝外型、肝内型及肝内外混舍型BS的总治愈率分别为100％（5／5）、64．3％（9／14）、50．O％（1／2）及28．6％（6／21），其介入治疗的治愈率分别为80．0％（4／5）、64．3％（9／14）、50．0％（1／2）及0。12例BS行再次肝移植术的治愈率为50．0％（6／12）。结论目前OLT术后BS总体疗效尚不理想。BS介入治疗效果与其类型密切相关，吻合口型疗效最好，肝外型和肝内型次之，肝内外混舍型疗效最盖。再次肝移植是治疗难治性BS的有效方法，但要选择好手术时机。     

原位肝移植术后侵袭性曲菌病的诊断和治疗

目的探讨原位肝移植术后侵袭性曲菌病的诊治。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2005年1月完成的576例原位肝移植的临床资料,总结术后侵袭性曲菌病的防治经验。结果9例患者术后并发侵袭性曲菌病,疾病发生率为1．74％（9／576）,首发感染部位为肺部8例,中枢神经系统感染1例,发病时间在术后10d至2个月,术后持续或间断的低热可以是发病早期的主要症状。痰或其他分泌物的真菌镜检和培养是确诊的主要依据。二性霉素B脂质体是治疗的首选用药,对早期病例疗效满意,5例肺部感染患者痊愈,2例因肺部感染无法控制死亡,2例因并发多器官侵袭死亡。结论肝移植术后侵袭性曲菌病具有早期临床表现不典型和易于播散的特点,合理调整免疫抑制治疗方案及早期、足量和足程的抗真菌药物的使用是取得良好疗效的关键。     

阻断子宫动脉的腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术60例报告

目的探讨阻断子宫动脉的腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术(c lassic intrafasc ial supracervical hysterectomy,C ISH)的临床应用价值。方法子宫良性疾病60例在腹腔镜下分离出子宫动脉后钛夹夹闭,阻断子宫动脉后行筋膜内子宫切除术。结果手术均获成功,无中转开腹,无手术并发症。手术时间72~186 m in,(91.4±26.3)m in;术中出血量50~150 m l,(76.5±20.6)m l;术后肠功能恢复时间18~30 h;(22.7±5.8)h;24 h引流液50~160 m l,(80.5±31.8)m l。术后2例体温38.5℃,术后病率3.3%(2/60)。术后住院4~7 d。60例随访6~18个月,(10.6±4.2)月,3例在1~3个月阴道点滴出血,经抗感染、止血等治疗5~7 d治愈。结论阻断子宫动脉的腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术是C ISH的技术改进,并发症少,安全,效果好,值得临床推广。     

输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石185例

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法2004年2月～2005年3月，我们对185例输尿管结石（其中伴肾绞痛96例）采用输尿管镜取石或气压弹道碎石进行总结和分析。结果失败12例，其中6例改开放手术，6例术后3d行体外冲击波碎石。一次碎石成功率93．5％（173／185），其中上段结石为75．0％（24／32），中段为95．8％（46／48），下段为98．1％（103／105）。肾绞痛者成功率为100％（96／96）。术中输尿管损伤率2．9％（5／173），其中3例（1．7％）中转开放手术。术后肾绞痛1例。全组随访6～12个月，平均10．2月，无复发。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石安全有效，并发症少，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法，尤其对肾绞痛者疗效更好。     

Portal Setup: the Key Point in the Learning Curve for Hip Arthroscopy Technique

ObjectiveTo analyze the learning curve experience of hip arthroscopy based on patient demographics, surgical time, portal setup time, and postoperative complications and to find the key point in the learning curve.MethodsFrom May 2016 to February 2019, a prospective study on the learning curve experience of hip arthroscopy was performed in our hospital. We evaluated the first 50 consecutive hip arthroscopy procedures performed by a single surgeon. There were nine females and 41 males with a mean age of 30.8 years. We divide the patients into early group and late group according to the date of their operation, with each group including 25 patients. Data on patient demographics, types of procedure, surgical time, portal setup time, and postoperative complications were collected. Functional scores were assessed with the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS).ResultsPatients were followed up for 16.4 months on average (range, 13–27 months). The early group of patients had a mean age of 35.2 years and the late group a mean age of 26.5 years. The most common procedures performed for the early group were debridement (17 patients, 68%), and in the late group, most patients underwent labral repair (18 patients, 72%). Mean total surgical time was 168 min for the early group and 143 min for the late group, and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. The portal setup time in the early group and late group was 40.2 ± 12.4 min and 18.5 ± 6.2 min, respectively (P < 0.001), and the portal setup time was significantly longer in the early group. Further analysis of the learning curve of portal setup showed that the average portal setup time was not statistically significant changed after 30 cases. There were six complications including iatrogenic cartilage injury and iatrogenic labrum injury in the early group and five complications including perineal crush injury and nerve stretch injury in the late group. The functional score of patients in the late group was significantly higher than that in the early group during follow‐up.ConclusionThe steep learning curve of hip arthroscopy is mainly caused by the challenge of portal setup and portalrelated complications were more common in the early group than in the late group. Surgical time is not an effective indicator for evaluating progress on the learning curve of hip arthroscopy.     

Nanostructure of collagen fibrils in human nucleus pulposus and its correlation with macroscale tissue mechanics

Collagen fibrils are the main structural components of the nucleus pulposus tissue in the intervertebral discs. The structure–property relationship of the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues is still unclear. We investigated the structure of individual collagen fibrils of the NP and evaluated its correlation with the bulk mechanical properties of the tissue. Collagen fibrils were extracted from the NP of discs retrieved from adolescents during scoliosis correction surgery, and the extracts were confirmed by SDS‐PAGE. The diameters of the individual collagen fibrils were measured through atomic force microscopy, and the compressive mechanical properties of the tissues were evaluated by confined compression. The correlations between the nanoscale morphology of the collagen fibrils and the macroscale mechanical properties of the tissues were evaluated by linear regression. The SDS‐PAGE results showed that the fibril extracts were largely composed of type II collagen. The mean diameter of the collagen fibrils was 92.1 ± 26.54 nm; the mean swelling pressure and compressive modulus of the tissues were 6.15 ± 4.3 kPa and 1.23 ± 0.7 MPa, respectively. The mean fibril diameter had no linear correlation (R² = 0.30) with the swelling pressure of the tissues. However, it had a mild linear correlation with the compressive modulus (p = 0.023, R² = 0.68). This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the nanostructure of the individual collagen fibrils of the nucleus pulposus and its relationship with macroscale mechanical properties of the NP tissues. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:497–502, 2010     

Action of IL‐1β during fracture healing

After bone injury, developmental processes such as endochondral and intramembranous ossification are recapitulated as the skeleton regenerates. In contrast to development, skeletal healing involves inflammation. During the early stages of healing a variety of inflammatory cells infiltrate the injured site, debride the wound, and stimulate the repair process. Little is known about the inflammatory process during bone repair. In this work, we examined the effect of a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), on osteoblast and stem cell differentiation and on intramembranous and endochondral ossification, because IL‐1β exerts effects on skeletal homeostasis and is upregulated in response to fracture. We determined that IL‐1β stimulated proliferation of osteoblasts and production of mineralized bone matrix, but suppressed proliferation and inhibited differentiation of bone marrow derived MSCs. We next performed loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments to determine if altering IL‐1β signaling affects fracture healing. We did not detect any differences in callus, cartilage, and bone matrix production during healing of nonstabilized or stabilized fractures in mice that lacked the IL‐1β receptor compared to wild‐type animals. We observed subtle alterations in the healing process after administering IL‐1β during the early phases of repair. At day 10 after injury, the ratio of cartilage to callus was increased, and by day 14, the proportion of cartilage to total callus and to bone was reduced. These changes could reflect a slight acceleration of endochondral ossification, or direct effects on cartilage and bone formation. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:778–784, 2010     

MicroRNA-221 silencing predisposed human bladder cancer cells to undergo apoptosis induced by TRAIL

ObjectivesBladder cancer is the most common type of urologic cancer in Chinese males. The 5-year survival rate of advanced bladder cancer is approximately 20%–40%. There is an obvious urgent need for novel and effective therapies against bladder cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of noncoding RNAs; suppressing miRNA-221 might prove beneficial in several cancers. To explore novel and effective therapies against bladder cancer, we explored the effects of miRNA-221 silencing on the survival of bladder cancer cells.Materials and methodsNorthern blot analysis was used to determine miRNA-221 expression levels in bladder cancer T24 cells, RT4 cells and human normal urothelial cells. miRNA-221 was silenced with antisense oligonucleotides in T24 cells and pro-apoptotic effect of necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on miRNA-221-silenced cells was assessed with flow cytometry. The p27^kip1 protein expression in miRNA-221-silenced cells exposed to TRAIL was detected by Western blotting. The role of miRNA-221 silencing on T24 cell cycle phase distribution was investigated through flow cytometric analysis.ResultsHuman miRNA-221 was significantly up-regulated in bladder cancer T24 cells and RT4 cells compared to human normal urothelial cells. T24 cell was TRAIL-resistant cell line. MiRNA-221 silencing predisposed T24 cells to undergo apoptosis induced by TRAIL and resulted in an up-modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. MiRNA-221 suppression promoted the activation of caspase 3 induced by TRAIL in T24 cells.ConclusionsMiRNA-221 silencing rendered human bladder cancer T24 cells to undergo apoptosis induced by TRAIL. Our findings suggest a potential role of suppressing miRNA-221 in human bladder cancer therapy.