电化教育在医学生素质教育中的作用

电化教育随着时代的变迁和社会的发展以及医学科学特点,在医学教育中的地位不断加强,尤其是在医学素质教育中,发挥着重大作用。     

肝脏转移瘤的CT分析

目的　阐述肝脏转移瘤的 CT表现 ,探讨 CT检查的价值。方法回顾 90例肝脏转移瘤的CT资料分析肝脏转移瘤的数目、大小、密度、边界形态、在肝内的分布 ,肝脏及脾脏的大小 ,以及原发肿瘤的同时显示等多种表现。结果 65例 ,占 72 %转移瘤病灶数目在 3个以上 ,在肝内呈弥漫性分布 ;6例 ,占 7%有 2个病灶 ;19例 ,占 2 1%只有 1个病灶 ;其中 2 9个病灶位于靠近肝脏边缘的肝实质内。肿瘤大小由 0 .5～ 14cm不等。 87例肿瘤密度低于肝实质 ;3例肝脂肪变 ,肿瘤密度高于肝实质。 4 4例肿瘤内出现坏死。 31例呈弥漫多发病灶致肝脏增大变形 ;2 6例单发及两个病灶者 ,肝脏形态正常。 4 5例 CT检查同时发现原发肿瘤。结论肝脏转移瘤表现多样各异 ,以弥漫多发大小不等为常见。CT尤其可以发现临床尚属隐匿期的肝转移瘤。     

Inhibition of synaptic transmission and epileptiform activity in central neurones by fluspirilene

1. Recent studies have shown that fluspirilene, a dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist which is a long-acting neuroleptic useful in the maintenance therapy of schizophrenic patients, also displays Ca²⁺ channel blocking activity. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of fluspirilene on synaptic transmission and epileptiform activity induced in slices of hippocampus and amygdala.
2. Fluspirilene reversibly suppressed the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (f-e.p.s.p) in a concentration-dependent manner in the area CAl of the hippocampus without affecting the size and shape of fibre volley. Fluspirilene also inhibited the intracellularly recorded e.p.s.p. in amygdala neurones without affecting the resting membrane potential or neuronal input resistance.
3. Fluspirilene increased the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation suggesting a presynaptic mode of action.
4. Epileptiform activity induced in the disinhibited slices was suppessed by fluspirilene in a concentration-dependent manner. This antiepileptic effect was occluded in slices pretreated with the adenosine A₁ receptor agonist, N⁶-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA).
5. It is concluded that fluspirilene-induced synaptic inhibition is probably due to a reduction in presynaptic Ca²⁺ currents. In clinical trials, the low incidence of seizures provoked by fluspirilene might be related to its intrinsic ability to inhibit synaptic transmission and epileptiform activity.

     

The effect of TGFβ1 on murine tumor growth following direct intratumoral injection of plasmid DNA

In order to investigate TGFβ1 gene expression and its effect on murine tumor growth following direct intratumoral injection of naked plasmid DNA encoding human TGFβ1, LM₃ murine lung adenocarcinoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously to T₇₃₉ mice and grew to tumor nodules in 2 weeks. Multiple direct intratumoral injection of plasmid DNA, PMAMneo- TGFβ1, were given and compared with saline or vector plasmid administration groups. The growth of tumor was observed till the 8th week when the mice were killed for Northern blot analysis and histopathological study of tumoral tissue. The results showed that the growth of tumor was boosted in the TGFβ1 gene treated mice as compared with the control groups, whereas there was no significant difference in the metastatic behavior. Northern blot showed efficient expression of TGFβ1 mRNA in the treated group. The present study indicated that TGFβ1 may stimulate tumor growthin vivo through certain mechanisms. And direct intra-tumoral injection of nude plasmid DNA may be a promising gene transfer strategyin vivo. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39370761).     

压力对体外培养牛眼小梁细胞的影响

目的 观察压力对小梁细胞的影响。方法 对体外培养牛眼小梁细胞施以不同程度的压力,用倒置相差显微镜、光镜、电镜观察细胞形态结构及吞噬功能的变化。结果 细胞承受２．００ｋｐａ（１ｋｐａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）、２．６７ｋｐａ压力４８小时,各项指标与对照组比较,差异无显著性。４．００ｋｐａ２４小时,细胞形态结构有轻度的损伤,吞噬功能有轻度下降。当压力进一步增加,时间更加延长后,细胞的损伤也更重。结论小梁细胞只     

Viral gene mutation as determinant of low grade malignancy of lesions induced by perinatal retrovirus infection

Of 108 Wistar/Ma rats perinatally injected with Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus, 75 developed tumors within 60 days (group A), and 25 after more than 117 days (group B). Metastases were detected in 59.1% and 11.8% in group A and B respectively. Antibody to v-fes gene product was found to occur before tumor development in group B and after tumor development in group A. v-Ses was found to be down-regulated and extensively mutated in tumors of group B. These results suggest viral gene mutation as a determinant of low grade malignancy of lesions induced.     

Recurrence after resection ofα-fetoprotein-positive hepatocellular carcinoma

The long-term prognosis of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not yet satisfactory, the main reason being the high recurrence rate. The authors report the results of a long-term follow-up of 308 patients with HCC who became -fetoprotein-(AFP)-negative after resection between 1975 and 1991. By March 1992, there was recurrence in 134 patients (43.5%). The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year recurrence rates were 9.2%, 38.8%, 54.9% and 85.0%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 49.7% for patients who had undergone a second hepatic resection (n=48). Analysis of factors influencing postoperative recurrence indicated that patients subjected to mass survey, with a lower -glutamyltransferase level, at an early stage of TNM classification, with a tumour of less than 5 cm, without tumour embolus, and with postoperative immunotherapy had a lower incidence of recurrence. It is concluded that the earlier the disease is diagnosed, the less the recurrence rate; adjuvant immunotherapy may reduce postoperative recurrence, and the early detection and resection of a recurrent tumour are important to prolonging survival further after curative resection of HCC.Abbreviations HCC hepatocellular carcinoma - AFP -fetoprotein - HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen Presented in part at the 4th Wilson T. S. Wang International Surgical Symposium, 11–13 December 1992, Hong Kong.     

氨基偶氮苯类化合物所致变态反应性疾病

目的　查明一起未明原因疾病的病因。方法　对湖北省某县发生的一起原因不明疾病进行流行病学和临床特点的观察及防治措施效果进行评价。结果　基于流行病学及临床表现的特点, 有皮痒、肌痛等, 可以认为该病为接触含有氨基偶氮苯类化合物的废水有关的变态反应性疾病。结论　皮肤长时间浸泡在含酚、苯胺等的废水中及高温作业、日光照射、反复接触毒物可致本病发生。     

部分手术类项目标准成本分析

对6个手术类医疗服务项目进行了标准成本测算,分析了其成本构成,并与全国的实际成本平均水平进行了比较。建议政府以标准成本作为调整医疗服务价格的依据,同时,建议医院在加强手术室成本管理时应着重加强医用材料的管理。     

FY—120型小型制氧机的研究

FY－120型小型制氧机的氧产量为2L／min、氧浓度≥90％,整个程序控制系统用自行研制的一个双向模拟移动功能阀实现,结构独特,流程先进。整机体积小,重量轻;工作性能可靠,全自动运行;开机即产氧,噪音低。是医院病房和家庭医疗保健的理想装置。