糖尿病合并肾脏损害患者肾活检的临床意义

糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)是导致慢性肾衰竭的主要原因,其中2型糖尿病所致的肾脏病变占绝大多数。肾活检病理检查是诊断的"金标准",对患者治疗方案的选择及预后判断具有重要价值,对新药的开发具有重要意义,也是DKD流行病学调查、确定临床病理联系和开发无创诊断方法的重要依据。因此,对糖尿病尤其是2型糖尿病合并肾脏损害的患者积极开展肾活检病理检查具有重要的临床意义。     

初次全膝关节置换术后并发症及翻修手术的原因分析

目的 探讨初次全膝关节置换术后30 d内相关并发症发生情况及翻修手术的相关因素.方法 收集2001年1月至2012年12月在北京协和医院骨科进行初次全膝关节置换术患者的临床资料,假体均为固定平台假体,采用骨水泥固定,排除翻修病例及血友病关节炎患者.共有1 920例患者(2 779例次全膝关节置换手术)纳入研究,男性323例,女性1 607例;年龄25～86岁,平均(66±9)岁.骨关节炎1 720例(89.58％),类风湿关节炎168例(8.75％),强直性脊柱炎12例(0.63％),继发骨关节炎20例(1.04％).随访患者术后30 d内发生的主要系统并发症、局部并发症及发生的翻修手术及相关因素.结果 随访截至2013年12月,共有1 854例患者(2 693个关节)获得随访,失访率为3.44％.术后平均随访67个月,死亡3例.41例(2.21％)患者出现系统并发症,其中最常见的为呼吸系统并发症(0.49％,9/1 854)及心血管并发症(0.38％,7/1 854).术后经超声证实的症状性深静脉血栓形成发生率为3.02％ (56/1 854),其中7例发生肺栓塞.术后发生局部并发症24例(1.29％),包括伤口愈合不良、伤口感染、神经损伤.59个关节接受翻修手术治疗,常见原因包括感染后松动(1.19％,32/2 693)和术后关节僵硬(0.37％,10/2693).结论 初次全膝关节置换术后30 d内最常见系统并发症为呼吸系统及心血管系统并发症.感染后松动是术后翻修最常见的原因.     

无管化微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗152例嵌顿性输尿管上段结石效果分析

目的 探讨无管化的微通道经皮肾镜取石术(mPCNL)治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的安全性、可行性及手术指征.方法 回顾性分析2011年7月～ 2014年2月之间符合条件的152例输尿管上段结石患者,行一期无管化微通道经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石取石术.在B超引导下经皮肾穿刺并行通道扩张,建立F14～ F18的通道,碎石取石术后常规留置Double-J管及导尿管,记录每例所需要的手术时间、术中出血及输血情况,观察肾盂有无撕裂、有无临近器官损伤,计算结石清除率,记录术后导尿管留置时间及住院时间.结果 152例患者均成功实施一期碎石取石术,术后未留置肾造瘘管,F14通道21例,F16通道75例,F18号通道56例,平均手术时间(54±11) min,手中无活动性出血,无输血,无肾盂撕裂,无邻近脏器损伤.结石清除率97.3％(148/152),4例结石残留[均于术后3～5d复查KUB及B超提示残余结石直径分别为(4.0、3.6、3.5、3.2mm)].无明显尿外渗、大出血等严重并发症.术后平均留置导尿管3.8 ±0.7d.术后平均住院5.0±0.8d.结论 针对性选择符合条件的嵌顿性输尿管结石患者,无管化的微通道经皮肾镜取石术效果满意,安全,术后恢复快,痛苦小,平均住院时间少.     

超声引导下射频消融联合乙醇消融与单纯射频消融治疗甲状腺良性囊实性结节的疗效对比

目的 探讨射频消融联合乙醇消融与单纯射频消融对良性囊实性甲状腺结节治疗效果的差异.方法 选取2015年1月-2018年7月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科,颈部彩超确认为甲状腺囊实性结节,且结节最大直径≥20 mm,穿刺病理结果为良性,拟行甲状腺射频消融手术的80例患者的病理资料,根据病情及患者意愿,分别行单纯射频...     

三维重建技术在肺腺癌新分类标准诊断中的价值

目的 探讨三维重建技术对肺腺癌新分类标准在术前外科诊断中的应用价值,助力于开发人工智能在肺癌辅助诊疗方面的深度学习模型系统.方法 回顾性分析2018年10月至2020年6月我院收治的173例经手术病理证实且肿瘤直径≤2 cm肺磨玻璃结节患者的临床资料,其中男55例、女118例,中位年龄61(28～82)岁.同一患者不同...     

鼻咽癌出院5年患者症状群与生活质量的相关性研究

目的 调查鼻咽癌出院5年患者症状群的构成,分析症状群与生活质量的相关性.方法 采用一般资料表、M.D.Anderson症状调查表-头颈部、生活质量量表对131例患者进行调查,采用探索性因子方法提取症状群、Spearman分析症状群与生活质量的相关性.结果 鼻咽癌出院5年患者疲劳(99.2％)、口干(97.7％)、健忘(...     

对比弥散张量成像与弥散加权成像评估子宫内膜样腺癌病理分级的价值

目的对比弥散张量成像(DTI)与弥散加权成像(DWI)评估子宫内膜样腺癌病理分级的效能。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的子宫内膜样腺癌患者,其中高分化(G1级)15例、中分化(G2级)14例、低分化(G3级)12例,术前均接受常规MR平扫及DTI、DWI,比较各级子宫内膜样腺癌的表观弥散系数(ADC)、平均弥散系数(MD)及各向异性分数(FA)值,分析各参数对病理组织学分级的诊断效能。结果 G1、G2、G3级子宫内膜样腺癌之间ADC值及MD值差异均有统计学意义(P均0.001),FA值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜样腺癌ADC值(r=-0.589,P0.001)、MD值(r=-0.724,P0.001)均与其组织学分级呈负相关。将G3级归为高危组、G1和G2级归为低危组,高危组ADC值、MD值均低于低危组(P均0.01)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线结果显示,ADC、MD值鉴别诊断高、低危子宫内膜样腺癌的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.792和0.868(P均0.01)。结论 DTI和DWI均可用于评估子宫内膜样腺癌病理分级,且MD值效能较ADC值更高。     

Adaptive Order WENO Reconstructions for the Semi-Lagrangian Finite Difference Scheme for Advection Problem

We present a new conservative semi-Lagrangian finite difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme with adaptive order. This is an extension of the conservative semi-Lagrangian (SL) finite difference WENO scheme in [Qiu and Shu, JCP, 230 (4) (2011), pp. 863-889], in which linear weights in SL WENO framework were shown not to exist for variable coefficient problems. Hence, the order of accuracy is not optimal from reconstruction stencils. In this paper, we incorporate a recent WENO adaptive order (AO) technique [Balsara et al., JCP, 326 (2016), pp. 780-804] to the SL WENO framework. The new scheme can achieve an optimal high order of accuracy, while maintaining the properties of mass conservation and non-oscillatory capture of solutions from the original SL WENO. The positivity-preserving limiter is further applied to ensure the positivity of solutions. Finally, the scheme is applied to high dimensional problems by a fourth-order dimensional splitting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new scheme by extensive numerical tests on linear advection equations, the Vlasov-Poisson system, the guiding center Vlasov model as well as the incompressible Euler equations.     

Implementation science for the adductor canal block: A new and adaptable methodology process

BACKGROUNDFollowing the successful Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) practice for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at our institution, the need for continuous improvement was realized, including the deimplementation of antiquated PSH elements and introduction of new practices. AIMTo investigate the transition from femoral nerve blocks (FNB) to adductor canal nerve blocks (ACB) during TKA. METHODSOur 13-month study from June 2016 to 2017 was divided into four periods: a three-month baseline (103 patients), a one-month pilot (47 patients), a three-month implementation and hardwiring period (100 patients), and a six-month evaluation period (185 patients). In total, 435 subjects were reviewed. Data within 30 postoperative days were extracted from electronic medical records, such as physical therapy results and administration of oral morphine equivalents (OME). RESULTSOur institution reduced FNB application (64% to 3%) and increased ACB utilization (36% to 97%) at 10 mo. Patients in the ACB group were found to have increased ambulation on the day of surgery (4.1 vs 2.0 m) and lower incidence of falls (0 vs 1%) and buckling (5% vs 27%) compared with FNB patients (P < 0.05). While ACB patients (13.9) reported lower OME than FNB patients (15.9), the difference (P = 0.087) did not fall below our designated statistical threshold of P value < 0.05.CONCLUSIONBy demonstrating closure of the “knowledge to action gap” within 6 mo, our institution’s findings demonstrate evidence in the value of implementation science. Physician education, technical support, and performance monitoring were deemed key facilitators of our program’s success. Expanded patient populations and additional orthopedic procedures are recommended for future study.