Hormones increase mRNA of cyclic-nucleotide-gated cation channels in airway epithelia

Previous studies have shown that the mRNA of cyclic-nucleotide-gated nonselective cation (CNG) channels is expressed in rat airway epithelia and that these channels contribute to sodium-mediated short-circuit currents in cultured rat tracheal epithelia. Patch-clamp studies from human A549 cells indicate that these channels contribute to cGMP-stimulated L-cis-diltiazem- and dichlorobenzamil-inhibited whole-cell sodium currents. This study demonstrates that mRNA for primary and secondary subunits of CNG channels, halphaCNG1 and hbetaCNG1 respectively, are expressed in several human airway cell lines, including normal and cystic fibrosis bronchial airway cells, in normal and cystic fibrosis tracheal airway cell lines and nasal polyp tissue from a cystic fibrosis patient. The mRNA of ralphaCNG1 in rat lung increased in response to increased circulating glucocorticoids and decreased in animals with lowered circulating glucocorticoids after aminoglutethimide treatment. Likewise the mRNA of halphaCNG1 increased in the presence of glucocorticoids in cultured alveolar airway cells. The mRNA of alphaCNG1 in rat lung was also increased in response to a low-salt diet and lowered in animals fed a high-salt diet. Likewise the mRNA of alphaCNG1 was increased in response to increased aldosterone and decreased in animals given spironolactone. These results suggest that mRNA for alphaCNG1 increases in response to elevated glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids. Because alphaCNG1 is a functional sodium entry channel in both rat and human airway epithelial cells, if channel protein is also elevated this channel could mediate an increase in sodium absorption across lung epithelia in response to circulating hormones.     

Effects of sleep on pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials in humans

We investigated effects of sleep on pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) following painful electrical stimulation of the left index finger. The biggest advantage of this method is that signals ascending through both A-beta fibers relating to touch and A-delta fibers relating to pain can be recorded simultaneously. While the subject was awake, non-painful stimulation evoked early- and middle latency components, N20, P30 and N60, at the C4 electrode, and painful stimulation evoked not only early- and middle latency components at the C4 but also later pain-specific components, N130 and P240, at the Cz electrode. During sleep, N20 and P30 did not show a significant change in amplitude, N60 showed a slight but significant amplitude reduction, and N130 and P240 significantly decreased in amplitude or disappeared, as compared with those while awake. Therefore, we speculate on the mechanisms generating each component as follows; (1) N20 and P30 are the primary components generated in SI ascending through A-beta fibers. (2) N60 is the secondary component generated in SI involving cognitive function to some degree. (3) N130-P240 are the pain-specific components ascending through A-delta fibers, and closely related to cognitive function, because they were much affected by consciousness, different from the components ascending through A-beta fibers.     

河南省幼师学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的 了解河南省幼师学生的心理健康状况，为提高幼师的心理素质提供依据。方法 对来自河南南阳一师，洛阳一师，郑州幼师3所学校的580名幼师女生进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）测定。数据经t检验，q检验和卡方检验。结果 幼师在校生中有63.81%学生存在心理健康问题。11.43%学生有明显心理障碍，突出表现为强迫，人际敏感，偏执，敌对，抑郁，不同年级学生心理健康状况存在明显差异。结论 提示幼师学生存在不同程度心理健康问题。学校心理卫生和教育工作者必须予以重视，进行干预。     

Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic and microphase-separated graft copolymers, 1. Synthesis and bulk characterization of polystyrene-graft-ω-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide)

Using the rigid and hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) chain as backbone, onto which flexible and hydrophilic stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide) (SPEO) chains are grafted, a new kind of amphiphilic, microphase-separated graft copolymer was synthesized using the macromonomer technique. Stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers with acryloyl end-group (SPEO-A) were prepared through an end-group exchange reaction of α-stearyl-ω-hydroxypoly(ethylene oxide) (SPEO-OH) and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The radical copolymerization of styrene with SPEO-A was carried out under various experimental conditions. Following a careful examination of their purity, the structure of the prepared copolymers was characterized by means of IR, ¹H NMR and GPC analyses. A new feasible method using first derivative UV spectrometry was developed for quantitative determination of the bulk composition of the graft copolymers. Copolymers with a wide range of bulk composition and satisfactory grafting degree were obtained.     

Significance of cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in evaluating antichronic myeloid leukemia efficacy of different immune effector cells

We report on the antileukemia effect of interleukin 2 (IL2) on different immune cells from 22 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Bone marrow cells from these patients were first cultured in modified long-term bone marrow culture medium for several days, then separately cultured with lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK), cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), and dendritic cell cocultured CIK (DC-CIK) for another 1-2 days. They were then detected for presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) by cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The percentage of Ph-chromosome-positive cells in the bone marrow mononuclear cells after culturing with CIK and DC-CIK was significantly lower than that after culturing with IL2 or LAK. Our results demonstrate that cytogenetics and FISH are useful techniques for the evaluation of the anti-CML effect of immune cells and that CIK or DC-CIK can be appropriate candidates for adoptive immune cell therapy in vivo or for leukemia cell purging ex vivo.     

2型糖尿病患者垂体-肾上腺轴的变化与胰岛素抵抗

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者早期垂体-肾上腺轴的改变与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法采用化学发光等方法测定67例新诊断的2型糖尿病患者和33名志愿者(对照组)的血皮质醇(F)和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)(8Am、4Pm和地米抑制后次8Am)以及血清胰岛素(INS)、C肽(C-P)和血糖水平;按HOMA模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数HOM-IR=FINS×FBG/22.5,以此反映2型糖尿病患者IR的情况。结果①2型糖尿病患者8Am血浆F和ACTH、4Pm和地米抑制后次8Am血浆F、血糖、INS、C-P水平以及HOMA-IR均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);②4Pm和地米抑制后次8Am血浆ACTH水平显著低于对照组;③直线相关统计分析显示,皮质醇浓度的升高与空腹血糖升高呈正相关(r=0.48,P<0.01)。与HOMA-IR的升高无直线相关性。结论2型糖尿病患者早期呈现ACTH、皮质醇过度分泌和慢性垂体-肾上腺轴功能紊乱,诱发并加重了糖代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗。     

血管内皮损伤标志物在肾移植患者中的应用价值

目的 :通过对肾移植患者血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白 (solublethrombomdulin ,sTM)、可溶性血管内皮细胞蛋白C受体 (endothelialproteinCreceptor ,sEPCR)、血管性血友病因子 (vonWillebrandfactor,vWF)含量水平的动态检测分析 ,探讨其在肾移植及移植排斥反应中的应用价值。方法 :采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测 4 2例肾移植患者手术前后、排斥反应治疗过程中的sTM、sEPCR、vWF含量。结果 :肾移植术后sTM、sEPCR、vWF含量水平较术前明显增高 (P <0 0 5 )、与正常对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;发生移植排斥反应者较无排斥者有明显差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;肾移植术前、排斥反应有效治疗后与正常对照组比较无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;肾移植患者sTM、sEPCR、vWF各指标间呈正相关 (r =0 5 95 ,P <0 0 1,r =0 5 81,P <0 0 1,r =0 6 0 6 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :sTM、sEPCR、vWF均可作为肾移植患者血管内皮的免疫损伤标志物 ,联合动态监测sTM、sEPCR、vWF的含量在观察肾移植手术创伤程度、排斥反应的早期诊断和治疗效果的监测等方面均有重要的临床应用价值。     

骨组织工程用聚磷酸钙的结构和性能的研究

多孔聚磷酸钙（Calcium polyphosphate，CPP）生物陶瓷是一种新型的骨组织工程支架材料，国外有研究表明聚磷酸钙作为骨组织工程支架材料具有良好的生物相容性及可降解性。通过对原料煅烧过程的研究，探索了聚合度的计算方法，制备出不同聚合度的材料。通过对材料烧结温度的试验，制得了不同晶型的聚磷酸钙多孔材料。在Tris—HCl缓冲液中进行的体外降解实验表明，CPP多孔支架材料是可控降解的，不同聚合度和晶型的支架材料力学强度和降解性能不同。随着聚合度的增加，材料的力学强度增大，降解速率变小；非晶态的CPP17d就可以完全降解，7晶型的CPP25d可完全降解，β和α晶型的CPP降解缓慢，30d分别降解了大约12％和5％。因此聚磷酸钙是一种很有前途的骨组织工程支架材料，凭借其独特的无机聚合物结构及降解性能，有望实现可控速率的降解。