原钒酸钠对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量的影响

目的研究原钒酸钠对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量的影响。方法建立四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型,对正常大鼠及糖尿病大鼠给予原钒酸钠治疗7天后,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定大鼠的血糖值、糖耐量,并以放射免疫法测定血清胰岛素值。结果原钒酸钠能显著对抗由四氧嘧啶诱导的大鼠血糖值升高,并改善糖耐量;对正常大鼠的血糖值和血清胰岛素值无影响。结论原钒酸钠对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠有明显的改善糖耐量作用,且这种改善作用与血清胰岛素含量无关。     

一种腺病毒载体疫苗的体外生物活性和细胞毒性研究

目的探讨一个以腺病毒为载体的人用疫苗(代号LMP-Ad)在传代动物细胞株上的表达能力和细胞毒性,为动物试验提供依据。方法受试物LMP-Ad以不同感染复数(MOI=3000、1000、300、100和30)感染非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)、幼仓鼠肾细胞(BHK)、小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)和人胚肺二倍体细胞(KMB17)4种传代细胞株后,用免疫细胞化学染色法检测目的蛋白LMP在细胞膜上的表达情况;在MOI=3×105、3×104、3×103、3×102和30时,用MTT法和FCM检测细胞相对增殖率(RGR)和细胞死亡率。结果在4种细胞中均检测到目的蛋白的表达,其中BHK细胞呈弱阳性,而Vero和KMB17在MOI低至30时仍较好地表达目的蛋白;随着感染剂量的提高,4种细胞的RGR下降而死亡率上升,其中以Vero细胞的变化最为明显。结论受试物对上述细胞均具生物活性,并在高感染剂量时表现出对细胞的生长抑制和一定程度的损伤,4种细胞以Vero和KMB17对受试物最为敏感,更适于作为该类新药的体外研究模型。     

Effects of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang formula on 2K1C-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK), a Chinese herbal formula, is effective against hypertension induced coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis and toxic myocarditis. In this study, the effect of XJEK on cardiovascular system was investigated. To test the hypothesis that Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) has an anti-hypertensive effect mediated through attenuation of cardiac remodeling, and amelioration of vascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

Materials and methods

Hypertension was induced in Wistar rats by 2 kidney 1 clip (2K1C) treatment. The hypertensive rats were then randomly assigned into four groups and treated as follows: group 1 (Sham-operated [Sh-Op] group received only drinking water), group 2 (induced hypertensive model+no treatment), and group 3 (induced hypertensive+a single daily oral dose of 24 g kg⁻¹ XJEK treatment) and group 4 (induced hypertensive+a single oral dose of 15 mg kg⁻¹ Fosinopril treatment). The rats in all the defined groups were respectively treated for a period of 4 weeks. Cardiovascular parameter such as systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by using tail-cuff apparatus; left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the rate of the rise in left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt max) were measured by using a PowerLab 8/30 apparatus (AD Instruments, Australia) at the end of the 8th week; heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) was determined as an index of myocardial hypertrophy (MH). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Van Gieson (VG) stain were used to assess the cardio-histological changes. Colorimetric analysis was used to assay serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) contents in cardiac tissue. Angiotensin II (Ang II) content in serum was assessed by radioimmunoassay; tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) content in cardiac tissue, BNP and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in serum were determined by using ELISA, and the protein expressions of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), P-JNK, p38, P-p38, and NADPH oxidases-2 (Nox-2) were measured by western blot.

Results

XJEK therapy could impair the heart systolic and diastolic function, potently improve the heart weight index, inhibit the elevation of HW/BW ratio, and markedly ameliorate hemodynamic indices and vascular remodeling index. It has blunted the decrease of SOD, NO and the increase in MDA and Ang II serum contents, myocardial cross-section area (CSA), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular circumferential collagen area (PVCA) compared to the hypertensive model group. It also reduced the serum content of Hyp while increased BH4 levels in cardiac tissue. In addition, the expressions of Nox-2, P-JNK and P-p38MAPK were all suppressed compared to the hypertensive model group. Moreover, treatment with XJEK improved endothelial dysfunction (ED) manifested by promoting eNOS activities and enhancing the NO activity in serum.

Conclusion

The results of the present study show that XJEK attenuates 2K1C-induced hypertension in rats, which confirms our hypothesis that XJEK has an anti-hypertensive and cardiovascular remodeling effect via attenuation of cardiac remodeling and improvement of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress.     

痛风颗粒质量标准的研究

目的:建立痛风颗粒的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法对方中牛蒡子、威灵仙等进行了鉴别;用高效液相色谱法测定方中牛蒡子苷的含量。结果:薄层鉴别专属性强;牛蒡子苷线性范围为0.96-4.8μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为98.59%,RSD值为1.80%(n=6)。结论:所建立的方法操作简单,结果准确,灵敏度高,重现性好。该质量标准能有效地控制痛风颗粒的质量。     

云南白药对大鼠的胚胎-胎仔发育毒性的影响

目的:评价口服给予云南白药对妊娠SD大鼠的母体毒性、胚胎-胎仔发育毒性和致畸性。方法:将交配成功后的雌性SD大鼠于孕期第6-15天连续10天经口给予云南白药,剂量为4、1.4和0.5 g/(kg·d),阴性对照组给予超纯水。实验过程中观察大鼠的一般反应、定期记录体质量及摄食量;于妊娠第20天解剖孕鼠,记录黄体数、活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数、着床数及子宫连胎重、胎盘的质量;观察胎仔的外观形态,记录体质量、身长、尾长,并检查骨骼和内脏。结果:云南白药对孕鼠有一定的母体毒性,主要表现为高剂量组大鼠给药后出现流涎、活动减少,部分打嗝、打喷嚏、挠嘴巴、呼吸音加粗等可逆性的异常反应;各剂量组大鼠体重增长减缓;高、中剂量组摄食量偏少;高、中剂量组胎鼠体质量明显小于阴性对照组,但胚胎形成、胎鼠外观形态、内脏发育和骨骼发育均无明显生物学影响。结论:在本试验条件下,云南白药对SD大鼠有一定的母体毒性但未见其他明显胚胎-胎仔发育毒性,无明显致畸作用。云南白药大鼠的胚胎及胎仔的发育无毒性反应剂量(NOAEL)为0.5 g/kg。     

生脉注射液治疗重症监护室脓毒症休克患者临床研究

目的:观察生脉注射液在重症监护室治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效。方法:选取100例脓毒症休克患者,按随机抛硬币法分为对照组与治疗组各50例。对照组严格按照相关标准开展治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予生脉注射液治疗。比较2组治疗前后急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、组织灌注指标、血乳酸水平;比较2组死亡率与用药安全性。结果:与同组治疗前比较,2组治疗后APACHEⅡ评分均下降(P0.05),中心静脉压(CVP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉血氧饱和度(Scv O_2)、尿量均升高(P0.05);与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组治疗后APACHEⅡ评分较低(P0.05),CVP、MAP、Scv O_2、尿量均较高(P0.05)。与同组治疗前比较,2组治疗6 h、12 h、24 h、72 h血乳酸水平均下降(P0.05);与对照组治疗6 h、12 h、24 h、72 h比较,治疗组同期血乳酸水平均较低(P0.05)。治疗组治疗7 d病死率为6.0%,明显低于对照组的22.0%(P0.05)。治疗期间2组均未出现明显不适和过敏情况。结论:生脉注射液应用于重症监护室治疗脓毒症休克患者效果显著且安全。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者皮损及血清黏附分子及一氧化氮水平的研究

目的：探讨血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、E-选择素水平及一氧化氮（N0）在皮损表达和血清水平与系统性红斑狼疮（SEE）活动性的关系。方法：①应用ELISA试剂盒测定血清细胞黏附分子。血清NO的检测使用NO硝酸还原酶试剂盒;②采用SABC免疫组化技术检测细胞黏附分子和NO的表达。结果：①血清中可溶性VCAM-1（sVCAM—Ⅰ）、可溶性ICAM-1（sICAM—Ⅰ）、NO水平病例组均较对照组明显升高（P均〈0．01）;病例组活动期较非活动期升高（P〈0．01）。②SLE活动期皮损处血管内皮细胞VCAM-1、ICAM-1、E-选择素和NO的表达与对照组比较．均明显上调（P〈0．05）。③SLE患者sICAM-1水平与SLE疾病活动指数（SLEDAI）有相关性（r=0．590,P=0．026）,NO水平与抗ds—DNA抗体呈正相关（r=0．777,P=0．001）。④血管内皮细胞内各黏附分子、NO表达的强度依次为VCAM-1〉ICAM—1〉NO〉E-选择素。结论：VCAM-1、ICAM-1、E-选择素和NO可能在SLE的发生、发展中起重要的组织损伤作用。     

窄谱中波紫外线治疗早期蕈样肉芽肿9例疗效观察

目的:观察窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)治疗早期蕈样肉芽肿的疗效及不良反应。方法:使用NB-UVB照射治疗早期蕈样肉芽肿患者9例,初始照射剂量均定为0.5J/cm2。结果:9例患者中完全缓解5例,部分缓解2例,好转2例,有效率为78%。平均照射次数22次,平均累积照射剂量31.09J/cm2。不良反应主要为轻度红斑和瘙痒,其发生率为33%。结论:NB-UVB照射治疗早期蕈样肉芽肿疗效好,不良反应少,操作简便易行,为早期蕈样肉芽肿的治疗提供了一种有效的方法。     

磷酸肌酸钠对行腹部手术老年冠心病患者心肌保护作用的评价

目的：观察磷酸肌酸钠对老年冠心病患者动脉血氧分压、心肌酶及心律失常的影响。方法：选择60例ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级,行腹部手术的冠心病患者,随机分为对照组和实验组。实验组麻醉后使用磷酸肌酸钠,对照组使用生理盐水。两组分别在麻醉后、术后1h、术后2h及术毕时行血气分析观察动脉血氧分压的变化,于术后24h检测磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CPK—MB）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平。记录围术期Ⅱ导联心电图室性心律失常的发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,实验纽术中1h、术中2h和术毕动脉血氧分压明显提高;术后24h心肌酶较术前均升高,但实验组上升幅度较对照组明显减少;围术期实验组室性心律失常的发生率为10％,明显低于对照组。结论磷酸肌酸钠能提高老年冠心病患者围术期的动脉血氧分压,心肌酶得到明显改善,减少室性心律失常的发生,具有明显的心肌保护作用。     

澳大利亚医疗资源互补共享合作模式对我国推行双向转诊工作的启示

本文借鉴澳大利亚的医疗资源互补共享合作模式，结合中国国情和上海市卫生系统的现状，提出在我国如何通过双向转诊制度达到互补，在卫生信息收集方面通过联系员制度实现共享。