颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的原因及处理

 目的 探讨颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的原因及处理对策。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2011年12月采用颈椎前路手术治疗2348例颈椎疾患患者资料,其中5例发生食管瘘,男3例,女2例;年龄14~48岁,平均34岁;颈椎外伤3例,颈椎病1例,颈椎结核1例。1例患者术中发现食管瘘,给予修补;另4例均为术后发现,行清创探查引流术,其中1例探查时发现食管瘘口遂给予修补,1例仅行清创探查术,1例清创探查术后二期行内固定取出术,1例清创探查术后二期行内固定取出及肌瓣填塞术。给予禁食、营养支持、伤口引流及抗生素治疗;定期吞服亚甲蓝,观察漏口情况。结果 经过9～61周治疗,所有患者食管瘘口愈合,恢复进食。随访6～48个月,无一例发生食管瘘复发、颈椎失稳及迟发感染;吞咽功能均良好;患者原有颈部疾患治疗效果均满意,颈椎外伤患者Frankel分级平均提高1级,颈椎病患者JOA评分由术前9分提高至术后15分。结论 采用食管瘘口修补、肌瓣填塞以及引流手术,并严格禁食禁水、营养支持,必要时取出内固定物,多数颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的患者能获得满意的疗效。术中仔细轻柔操作是预防食管瘘发生的关键。     

Repair of severe composite tissue defects in the lower leg using two different cross-leg free composite tissue flaps

This article reports 2 cross-leg free composite tissue flaps for repairing the severe composite tissue defects in lower leg without suitable adjacent recipient vasculature for microvascular anastomosis. The osseous myocutaneous flap of ilium and tensor fascia lata pedicled with ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex vessels and the osseous muscle flap of scapula and latissimus dorsi pedicled with subscapular vessels were performed, respectively, to reconstruct the bone and soft-tissue defects in the lower leg of 2 patients. Both donor vessels were the posterior tibial artery and great saphenous vein from the contralateral lower leg. The legs and the bone flaps were immobilized by an external fixator. The periods of pedicle division were 43 and 67 days, respectively, after transplantation. Both flaps survived after pedicle division and the patients regained the ability to walk. There were no such complications as joint stiffness or donor site morbidity except for a linear scar. The 2 cross-leg free composite tissue flaps were optional methods for salvaging limbs that were otherwise nonreconstructable. But the indication for cross-leg free-tissue flap should be limited strictly.     

短信息在2型糖尿病患者健康教育中的应用

目的探讨短信息在糖尿病患者院外健康教育中的应用效果。方法将初次诊断为2型糖尿病的100例患者随机分为两组各50例,两组患者住院期间进行相同的健康教育,出院后对照组接受电话随访,观察组利用计算机网络发送已编辑好的相应内容进行健康教育与随访互动。于出院时、出院后1、3、6、12个月评价自我管理能力、代谢指标及血压。结果两组自我管理能力评分逐渐下降,观察组下降程度显著慢于对照组(均P<0.05);FBG、PBG 2h、HbA1c值及收缩压均呈逐渐升高趋势,观察组各项指标中除收缩压外均显著优于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论短信息随访用于患者出院后的连续性教育中,效果优于电话随访,有利于巩固住院的健康教育效果。     

肾囊性病变临床病理分析（附3例报告）

目的 探讨肾囊性病变的临床病理学特点、免疫表型和鉴别诊断。方法 采用常规HE和免疫组织化学染色,观察3例肾囊性病变组织学形态,并复习有关文献。结果 3个病例临床症状均为腰痛或血尿,最后经病理确诊为囊性肾瘤2例和多房性囊性肾癌1例。囊性肾瘤为多房囊腔组织,囊壁薄,内衬单层上皮。免疫表型：上皮细胞角蛋白（CK）、上皮细胞膜抗原(EMA)均呈阳性表达;间质成分波形蛋白阳性。多房性囊性肾癌囊壁被覆单层或多层胞浆透明的细胞,间隔内含聚集的透明细胞巢。免疫表型：透明细胞CK和EMA阳性,CD68阴性。结论 囊性肾瘤和多房性囊性肾癌均是少见的肾脏肿瘤。两种病变临床症状和影像学改变极为相似,确诊需依赖病理检查。两种病变均预后良好。     

经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗腺性膀胱炎44例

目的 探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月到2010年12月接受尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗的44例腺性膀胱炎患者临床资料.男性15例,女性29例,年龄24～72岁,平均48.5岁.术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗,后定期膀胱灌注化疗.结果 44例手术顺利,手术时间10-125 min,平均42.5 min,术中出血量少.随访3～62个月,平均14.8个月,2例尿道外口狭窄.12例复发,复发病例均再次手术处理,9例治愈,3例肾积水.结论 经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗腺性膀胱炎,具有安全、并发症少、疗效确切等优点,但远期疗效尚需进一步研究.     

当归水煎液对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖、凋亡及胶原合成的影响

目的:探讨当归水煎液对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖、凋亡和胶原合成的影响。方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,用噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖活性,用流式细胞术分析细胞周期及凋亡,用放射免疫法测定胶原合成。结果:当归水煎液能促进人脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖,且随浓度增大促增殖作用愈大。当归水煎液使S期和G2/M期细胞增多,G0/G1期细胞减少(P<0.05),凋亡率逐渐减小(P<0.05)。当归水煎液呈剂量和时间依赖性抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞合成胶原(P<0.05)。结论:当归水煎液呈剂量依赖性促进人脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖,抑制其凋亡,减少胶原合成。     

Evaluation of the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscopeTM for double‐lumen tracheal tube insertion after failure using the Macintosh laryngoscope

We prospectively evaluated the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscope^TM for insertion of double‐lumen tracheal tubes in 48 consecutive patients who had been found to have an unanticipated Cormack and Lehane grade 3 (n = 43) and grade 4 (n = 5) laryngeal view and in whom two attempts at tracheal intubation using the Macintosh laryngoscope had failed. When the CEL‐100 was subsequently employed, the glottic view improved in 45 (94%) patients. The view improved by one grade in 15 (31%) patients and by two grades in 30 (63%) patients, compared with the Macintosh blade (p < 0.001). Double‐lumen tracheal tube insertion was successful when using the CEL‐100 in 43 out of 48 patients (90%; 95% CI 81–98%). This occurred on the first attempt in 27 (56%) patients, 14 (29%) on the second and two (4%) on the third. We conclude that the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscope is an effective device in this context, and we therefore propose that this device can be used in circumstances when double‐lumen tube insertion proves difficult.     

Resveratrol induces apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in bladder carcinoma cells

Objective: Resveratrol shows chemopreventive activity in a variety of human cancers by targeting mitochondria and triggering apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor action of resveratrol in bladder cancer and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Using two different bladder cell lines, BTT739 and T24, the cytotoxicity of resveratrol were determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis induced by resveratrol was assayed by transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. To show whether the mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the effects of resveratrol, mitochondrial function was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate content. In addition, the markers of apoptosis in the intrinsic mitochondrial‐dependent pathway were analyzed by the release of cytochrome c and the activities of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. Results: Resveratrol effectively decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol significantly disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential in both intact cells and isolated mitochondria. Resveratrol also increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced adenosine 5′‐triphosphate concentrations. Western blot analysis showed that resveratrol provoked the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Furthermore, resveratrol significantly promoted the activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that resveratrol efficiently triggers apoptosis in bladder cancer cells through the intrinsic mitochondrial‐dependent pathway, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Resveratrol might have great pharmacological promise in the treatment of bladder cancer.     

腰椎定量CT与双能X线骨密度测量对老年男性骨质疏松的诊断效能比较

目的评估腰椎定量悦栽与双能X线骨密度测量诊断老年男性骨质疏松的效能。方法 连续选取2012年2月至2012年8月期间于北京积水潭医院干部科住院的老年男性患者,共59例,年 龄54耀92岁。本组病例均行腰椎正位和髋关节DXA及腰椎QCT检查,且两项检查间隔时间不超过 1个月。结果采用世界卫生组织（WHO )DXA -2. 5SD和国际临床骨密度学会（ISCD )腰椎QCT < 80 mg/cm3的骨质疏松诊断标准,DXA诊断本组病例腰椎、髋关节及腰椎或髋关节任一部位骨质疏松 的检出率分别为0%_、. 5豫和8. 5豫。腰椎QCT诊断本组病例骨质疏松的检出率为35. 6豫。其中腰 椎QCT诊断为骨质疏松而腰椎正位DXA未诊断者21例,占35. 6豫,其中3例CT显示有骨质疏松性 椎体骨折;腰椎QCT诊断为骨质疏松而髋关节DXA或任一部位DXA未诊断者均为16例,占 27. 1豫。结论 腰椎QCT比髋关节DXA及腰椎正位DXA对老年男性骨质疏松的诊断更敏感。腰 椎QCT骨密度测量对老年男性的骨质疏松诊断具有较高的临床价值。