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41.
Miranda So Jonathan Hand Graeme Forrest Stephanie M. Pouch Helen Te Monica I. Ardura Rachel M. Bartash Darshana M. Dadhania Jeffrey Edelman Dilek Ince Margaret R. Jorgenson Sarah Kabbani Erika D. Lease Deborah Levine Linda Ohler Gopi Patel Jennifer Pisano Michael L. Spinner Lilian Abbo Elizabeth C. Verna Shahid Husain 《American journal of transplantation》2022,22(1):96-112
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have made immense strides in optimizing antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral use in clinical settings. However, although ASPs are required institutionally by regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada, they are not mandated for transplant centers or programs specifically. Despite the fact that solid organ transplant recipients in particular are at increased risk of infections from multidrug-resistant organisms, due to host and donor factors and immunosuppressive therapy, there currently are little rigorous data regarding stewardship practices in solid organ transplant populations, and thus, no transplant-specific requirements currently exist. Further complicating matters, transplant patients have a wide range of variability regarding their susceptibility to infection, as factors such as surgery of transplant, intensity of immunosuppression, and presence of drains or catheters in situ may modify the risk of infection. As such, it is not feasible to have a “one-size-fits-all” style of stewardship for this patient population. The objective of this white paper is to identify opportunities, risk factors, and ASP strategies that should be assessed with solid organ transplant recipients to optimize antimicrobial use, while producing an overall improvement in patient outcomes. We hope it may serve as a springboard for development of future guidance and identification of research opportunities. 相似文献
42.
Background
The “gig” economy connects consumers with contractors (or workers) through online platform businesses to perform tasks (or “gigs”). This innovation in technology provides businesses and consumers access to low-cost, on-demand labour, but gig workers’ experiences are more complex. They have access to very flexible, potentially autonomous work, but also deal with challenges caused by the nature of the work, its precariousness, and their relationships with the platform businesses. Workers in the Global North and South may also experience these challenges very differently. Based on our report “Towards an Understanding of Canadian Workers in the Global Gig Economy”, we present a commentary on the implications of a globalized online platform labour market on the health of gig workers in Canada and globally.Main body
Based on our scoping review of peer and grey literature, we categorized gig worker vulnerabilities in three ways: 1) occupational vulnerabilities, 2) precarity, and 3) platform-based vulnerabilities. Occupational vulnerabilities are connected to the work being performed (e.g. driving a car or computer work) and are not specific to platform labour. Precarity refers to the short-term, contingent nature of the work, characteristics that may be shared with other forms of work. Some examples of precariousness are lack of health insurance, collective bargaining, or career training and promotion. Finally, platform-based vulnerabilities are particular to the way platform labour is structured. These vulnerabilities include worker misclassification, information asymmetries, and the culture of surveillance. We suggest that, together, these vulnerabilities challenge gig workers’ right to health.Conclusions
We propose that the experience of gig workers around the world must be understood in the context of neoliberalism, which has increased both the globalization and precaritization of work. While gig workers share some vulnerabilities, which have important negative consequences on their health, with other workers, the platform-specific vulnerabilities of workers require further inquiry. In particular, the specific health and overall experience of gig workers in different regions of the world – with different labour policies and sociopolitical contexts for work – must be disentangled as workers in the Global North and South experience this work very differently.43.
44.
Roussel Edouard Brasse-Lagnel Carole Tuech Jean-Jacques Montialoux Helène Papet Eloise Tortajada Pauline Bekri Soumeya Schwarz Lilian 《World journal of surgery》2022,46(3):656-665
World Journal of Surgery - By inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and modulating the local intestinal immune system, probiotics may reduce bacterial translocation and systemic... 相似文献
45.
Goncalves Fernanda A. de Jesus Jessica Santos Cordeiro Lilian Piraciaba Maria Clara T. de Araujo Luiza K. R. P. Steller Wagner Martins Carolina Dalboni Maria Aparecida Pereira Benedito J. Silva Bruno C. Moysés Rosa Maria A. Abensur Hugo Elias Rosilene M. 《International urology and nephrology》2020,52(2):393-398
International Urology and Nephrology - Hypokalemia is a well-described electrolyte disturbance in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Hyperkalemia, however, is still overlooked, although it also... 相似文献
46.
Valérie Bridoux Grégoire Moutel Lilian Schwarz Francis Michot Christian Herve Jean-Jacques Tuech 《World journal of surgery》2014,38(10):2487-2493
Background
Discussions regarding disclosure of funding sources and conflicts of interest (COI) in published peer-reviewed journal articles are becoming increasingly more common and intense. The aim of the present study was to examine whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in leading surgery journals report funding sources and COI.Methods
All articles reporting randomized controlled phase III trials published January 2005 through December 2010 were chosen for review from ten international journals. We evaluated the number of disclosed funding sources and COI, and the factors associated with such disclosures.Results
From a review of 657 RCT from the ten journals, we discovered that presence or absence of a funding source and COI was disclosed by 47 % (309) and 25.1 % (165), respectively. Most articles in “International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)-affiliated journals” did not disclose COI. Disclosure of funding was associated with a journal impact factor >3 (51.7 vs 41.6 %; p < 0.01), statistician/epidemiologist involvement (64.2 vs 43.7 %; p < 0.001), publication after 2008 (52.9 vs 41.1 %; p < 0.01), and the journal being ICMJE-affiliated (49.3 vs 40 %; p < 0.05). Conflict of interest disclosure was associated with publication after 2008 (38.7 vs 11.3 %; p < 0.001), and with the journal not being affiliated with ICMJE (36.9 vs 21.3 %; p < 0.001).Conclusions
Of the published studies we investigated, over half did not disclose funding sources (i.e., whether or not there was a funding source), and almost three quarters did not disclose whether COI existed. Our findings suggest the need to adopt best current practices regarding disclosure of competing interests to fulfill responsibilities to readers and, ultimately, to patients. 相似文献47.
48.
Evaluation of left ventricular dimensions and function in Marfan's syndrome without significant valvular regurgitation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Meijboom LJ Timmermans J van Tintelen JP Nollen GJ De Backer J van den Berg MP Boers GH Mulder BJ 《The American journal of cardiology》2005,95(6):795-797
Left ventricular dimensions and systolic function were studied using echocardiography in 234 patients with Marfan's syndrome without significant valvular regurgitation. Left ventricular dimensions and systolic function were found to be normal in most patients with Marfan's syndrome. Some involvement of the left ventricle may have been present in a small group of these patients. No patients, however, fulfilled the criteria for dilated cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
49.
50.