免疫系统与青光眼

青光眼是一组以视神经凹陷性萎缩和视野缺陷为共同特征的疾病,病理性眼压增高是其主要危险因素。多种因素决定了青光眼视神经节细胞的最后结局。而免疫因素在青光眼的视网膜视神经损害中所起的作用应该是双重的。所以探明免疫系统在青光眼损伤修复中的作用,对青光眼的治疗具有重要的意义。     

Enhancing the potential production of bioethanol with bamboo by γ-valerolactone/water pretreatment

In this study, the effect of the γ-valerolactone (GVL)/H₂O pretreatment system on bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation was investigated. The performance characterization of the pretreated bamboo substrates, including the chemical composition, the structural characteristics, and the ability to produce bioethanol, were evaluated. The recovered substrates were enzymatically hydrolyzed for 48 h and then fermented to bioethanol. For the cellulose in the raw bamboo material, the highest cellulose-to-glucose conversion yield (CGCY) was achieved at 140 °C for 2 h with GVL : H₂O = 8 : 2, which was 73.39%, and the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion yield (CECY) was 67.00%. This indicated that 183.5 kg of bioethanol could be produced per ton of bamboo, which was 9.71-folds higher than that directly converted from the untreated raw bamboo powder. Under these conditions, 50.60% of the active lignin can be recovered and be used as a wood-derived feedstock for further high-valued utilization. Meanwhile, the maximum concentration of fermentation inhibitors formed after pretreatment was about 140.9 mmol L⁻¹, and had weak inhibition to the subsequent reaction. It has been shown that the cellulose could be effectively separated from bamboo and converted into bioethanol through the GVL/H₂O pretreatment system.

In this study, the potential production of bamboo by the GVL/H₂O system for ethanol production was investigated.     

生物型与骨水泥型假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 比较生物型与骨水泥型假体全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折(DFNF)的临床疗效.方法 前瞻性纳入2015年7月—2018年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院骨科收治的老年DFNF患者128例,男性71例,女性57例;年龄61～84岁,平均72.7岁.骨折原因:跌伤75例,撞伤32例,高处坠落伤21例.依据...     

角膜移植免疫耐受的研究进展

排斥反应是角膜移植失败的主要原因.临床治疗中常用的非特异性免疫抑制剂,如糖皮质激素、环孢素A等,存在着许多全身副作用.因此诱导受体建立针对供体角膜的特异性免疫耐受是治疗排斥反应的理想方法.免疫耐受的机制主要包括T细胞克隆失活(anergy)、克隆清除(delete)、细胞因子介导的抑制及免疫平衡等.现就目前人工诱导免疫耐受的方法作一综述.     

Müller细胞对大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞增生和迁移的影响

目的:用免疫磁珠法原代培养大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞(RMEC),观察共培养Müller细胞对视网膜微血管内皮细胞增生和迁移的影响。方法:采用免疫磁珠的细胞分选法分离大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,在条件培养基中培养生长,采用第Ⅷ因子抗体免疫组化染色方法鉴定细胞,采用流式细胞术和台盼兰染色分析传代中的微血管内皮细胞纯度以及细胞活性。传统的方法培养并鉴定Müller细胞。采用不同孔径微孔滤膜培养小室,进行大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞与Müller细胞分离共培养,对照组培养环境中无Müller细胞。以细胞曲线描绘反映细胞增生,并用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期。相差显微镜下计算穿过微孔滤膜迁移贴附于背面的内皮细胞数量。结果:通过磁珠分离方法获得了纯度为97.13%大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,细胞活力达92%,第Ⅷ因子抗体染色呈阳性。与Müller细胞共培养的RMEC可早于正常培养2～3d进入生长平台期。RMEC中S期和G2期比例增加,G1期比例相对减少。S、G2和G1期百分比,在共培养组24h分别为44.0%,11.2%和44.8%,48h分别为42.3%,10.9%和46.8%;对照培养组24h分别为41.3%,4.9%和53.8%,48h分别为40.1%,4.7%和55.2%。迁移的细胞数增加,共培养6h移行至膜下的内皮细胞数12.2±2.5个,12h为51.7±23.4个,对照培养6h移行至膜下的内皮细胞3.3±2.5个,12h为14.7±7.0个,6h和12h两组内皮细胞数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:免疫磁珠细胞分选方法可以获得高纯度的大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,且对细胞活力无影响。Müller细胞可以促进视网膜内皮细胞的迁移,促进该细胞的增生。     

咀嚼口香糖用于妇产科腹部手术后肠功能恢复的研究进展

麻痹性肠梗阻是腹部手术后常见的并发症。近年研究发现,术后咀嚼口香糖能促进胃肠功能恢复,缩短首次排气、排便时间,降低肠梗阻发生率并减少住院日。其生理学机制可能与激活头-迷走反射,直接和间接刺激消化道激素分泌与运动功能有关。该方法应用于胃肠外科领域的安全性和有效性已经得到证实,而在妇产科领域,手术部位多位于腹部,目前对妇产科手术后应用咀嚼口香糖促进胃肠功能恢复,降低术后并发症的研究,尚处于起步阶段。笔者拟总结目前妇产科手术后咀嚼口香糖的应用现状,聚焦支持和质疑该方法作用的相关研究,旨在为临床工作提供指导,并提出以后的进一步研究方向。     

No association between thrombospondin-4 A387P polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome in Chinese Han population

Objective: The thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) gene G29926C (A387P) polymorphism was recently reported to be associated with an increased risk of MI (myocardial infarction) in American population. However, several subsequent studies produced controversial findings. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between TSP-4 A387P polymorphism and ACS (acute coronary syndrome) in Chinese Han population. Methods :A case-control study including 412 patients with ACS and 337 controls free from CAD (coronary artery disease) was conducted. TSP-4 A387P polymorphism was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. Results:Slightly decreased frequency of GC genotype was observed in patients with ACS, compared with controls (5.3% vs. 7.1%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.31 ). Similarly, the prevalence of C allele was 2.7% and 3.6% for ACS and control groups, respectively (P = 0.32). None of homozygote was detected for C allele. Further analyses in subjects subgrouped according to sex and age also showed no association of TSP-4 A387P polymorphism with ACS. Furthermore, after adjustment for conventional risk factors by multiple logistic regression analysis, the carrier prevalence of C allele did not differ significantly between ACS and control groups (OR = 0.85; 95% CI:0.45-1.59; P = 0.60). Conclusion:The present study suggested that the TSP-4 A387P variant showed a low prevalence compared with western populations and failed to associate with an altered risk of ACS in Chinese Han population. The findings further supplement experimental data for TSP-4 gene study of coronary disease.     

恶性肿瘤死亡率地域分布的趋势面分析

目的 研究主要恶性肿瘤死亡率的地域分布有无规律性,为下一步寻找病因,为政府制定干预措施提供理论依据.方法 利用山东省某县主要恶性肿瘤死亡率资料,进行地域趋势面分析.结果 胃癌和鼻咽癌死亡率的分布有明显的地域规律性.其中,胃癌死亡率在该县呈由西向东逐渐增高,鼻咽癌则呈现由西向东逐渐降低的趋势.另外,有些地区的剩余值明显高于(或低于)剩余界值,呈现出规律外的特殊性.结论 胃癌、鼻咽癌死亡率在山东省某县内有地域差异,应进一步研究具体生活习惯、经济状况等因素的差异及与相关肿瘤的关系,对于存在异常剩余值的地区,应作为重点研究对象,探讨这些地区可能存在的某种肿瘤保护或危险因素.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品及水中钇

本文采用衬钨石墨管,对食品及水中微量钇的原子吸收光谱法进行了研究。探讨了钇的原子化条件、盐酸浓度和共存组分的影响;考察了方法的分析性能。本法测定钇的灵敏度(1％吸收)为7.8×10~(-10)g,方法的相对标准偏差为3.9—10.7％,不同样品中标准加入回收率为75—95％。本法与 ICP—AES 法比较,两者分析结果无显著性差别。     

德阳市某企业职工乙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学调查

目的　了解企业职工乙型肝炎病毒感染情况 ,为疾病防制提供依据。方法　对德阳市某企业在岗职工 782 2人用ELISA法进行血清HBsAg、抗 -HBs、HBeAg、抗 -HBe、抗 -HBc及ALT (赖氏法 <40u)检查。 结果　HBsAg阳性率为 9 74% ,HBeAg阳性率 1 0 2 % ;抗 -HBe阳性率 5 63 % ,抗 -HBc阳性率 6 65 %、抗 -HBs阳性率 3 2 84%。HBsAg、HBeAg、抗 -HBe、抗 -HBc阳性率男性高于女性 ,抗 -HBs阳性率女性高于男性。ALT异常 2 14人 ,3 7人分别有HBsAg、HBeAg、抗 -HBe、抗 -HBc阳性 ,177人阴性。 结论　企业职工中乙型肝炎感染率接近四川省流调水平 ,且感染者大多不知情 ,提示应加强职工体检工作 ,及时采取预防措施 ,切实保护职工的身体健康。