Severe postpartum disruption of the pelvic ring: report of two cases and review of the literature

Background

Intra-articular hardware penetration can occur during osteosynthesis of ankle fractures, jeopardizing patients' outcomes. The intraoperative recognition of misplaced screws may be difficult due to the challenge of adequate interpretation of specific radiographic views. The present study was designed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of standardized radiographic ankle views to determine the accuracy of diagnosis for intra-articular hardware placement of medial malleolar screws in a cadaveric model.

Methods

Nine preserved human cadaveric lower extremity specimens were used. Under direct visualization, two 4.0 mm cancellous screws were inserted into the medial malleolus. Each specimen was analyzed radiographically using antero-posterior (AP) and mortise views. The X-rays were randomly uploaded on a CD-ROM and included in a survey submitted to ten selected orthopaedic surgeons. The "Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy" (STARD) questionnaire was used to determine the surgeons' perception of accuracy of screw placement in the medial malleolus. The selection of items was based on evidence whenever possible, therefore the "inconclusive" category was added. Inter and intraobserver variations were analyzed by kappa statistics to measure the amount of agreement.

Results

There was a poor level of agreement (kappa 0.4) both in the AP and in the mortise view among all the examiners. Associating the two x-rays, the agreement remained poor (kappa 0.4). In the cases in which there was a diagnosis of articular penetration, there was a poor agreement related to which of the screws was intra-articular. The number of "inconclusive" responses was low and constant, without a statistically significant difference between the subspecialists

Conclusion

The routine intraoperative radiographic imaging of the ankle is difficult to interpret and unreliable for detection of intra-articular hardware penetration. We therefore recommend to reposition medial malleolar screws intraoperatively if there is any doubt regarding inadequate screw placement.     

IL-1β对ATDC5成软骨分化细胞miR-455-3p的影响

目的：检测IL-1β对ATDC5成软骨分化细胞miR-455-3p表达的影响,探索miR-455-3p在骨关节炎中的作用。方法诱导ATDC5细胞成软骨分化后,予10 ng/ml的IL-1β刺激,在刺激4、12、24、48 h时应用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-455-3p、C/EBPβ和软骨特征性标记物的表达情况;并利用抑制剂IKK-NBD阻断NF-κB通路后,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测IL-1β作用下miR-455-3p的表达水平。结果在IL-1β作用下的ATDC5成软骨分化细胞中miR-455-3p、C/EBPβ和软骨退变标记物（ MMP13、ADAMTS5）均上调,而软骨基质合成标记物（ ACAN、COL2A1、SOX9）则下调,且后期更为明显;而IKK-NBD可抑制IL-1β诱导的miR-455-3p表达。结论 IL-1β可上调ATDC5成软骨分化细胞miR-455-3p的表达水平,且受NF-κB通路的调节。     

抗凝治疗的内痔患者行吻合器痔上黏膜环切术的治疗体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)治疗接受抗凝剂治疗的内痔患者的安全性和临床疗效。方法〓2009年1月~2011年12月我们对36例由于患有心血管疾病长期接受抗凝剂治疗患者(抗凝组)和49例未接受抗凝治疗(对照组)的内痔患者施行PPH术。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中和术后出血、肛门疼痛、肛门狭窄、肛门失禁、住院期间心脑血管疾病的发生率。结果〓抗凝组和对照组患者术中出血量分别为15.8±1.9 mL和29.8±3.4 mL(t=22.7,P<0.05),出血较多分别抗凝组有1例(2.8%)、对照组有2例(4.1%),3例患者估计出血量约200~500 mL,给予正确处理措施后彻底止血,无一例输血;术后无一例发生心脑血管疾病意外。手术时间、术后并发症和住院时间等比较无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论〓对于接受抗凝治疗的内痔患者,PPH手术的疗效与安全性均与正常接受PPH手术患者无明显差别。     

双侧胸椎旁阻滞对胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术麻醉及术后早期恢复的影响

目的探讨双侧胸椎旁阻滞(bilateral thoracic paravertebral blocks,bTPVB)复合全身麻醉在胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术(thoracoscopic‐laparoscopic esophagectomy,TLE)中的应用及其对术后早期恢复的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将70例拟行TLE的食管癌患者分为全身麻醉组(G组)和bTPVB复合全身麻醉(B组),每组35例;5例患者因术中输血、改为传统开放手术等原因而排除,最终G组和B组分别纳入32例和33例患者。两组均采用标准的全身麻醉,B组在麻醉诱导前15 min行右侧T7‐T8、左侧T8‐T9的两点椎旁阻滞。记录两组患者围手术期血流动力学变化、麻醉时间、手术时间、术中麻醉药物及血管活性药物应用,记录PACU舒芬太尼和胸科ICU氟比洛芬酯补救镇痛药物的应用,记录睁眼时间、拔管时间、转入和转出PACU时镇静躁动评分、PACU停留时间、术后谵妄和术后48 h时肺功能,记录术后0、4、8、12、24、36、48 h静息和咳嗽时疼痛VAS评分和舒芬太尼累积用量。结果两组患者各时点血流动力学比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与G组比较,B组术中舒芬太尼用量、PACU停留时间、术中硝酸甘油使用率、PACU舒芬太尼补救镇痛率、胸科ICU氟比洛芬酯补救镇痛率降低(P<0.05)。与术前比较,两组患者术后48 h时用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)及第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)降低(P<0.05),且G组低于B组(P<0.05)。G组术后0、4、8、12 h静息时和咳嗽时VAS评分均高于B组,且术后24 h时点咳嗽VAS评分亦高于B组(P<0.05)。B组术后4、8、12、24、36、48 h舒芬太尼累积用量均低于G组(P<0.05)。结论bTPVB复合全身麻醉用于TLE可减少围手术期镇痛药物用量,缓解术后早期疼痛,改善术后肺功能,从而促进术后早期康复。     

柚皮苷硬膜外腔注射对髓核致坐骨神经痛大鼠的疼痛行为影响

目的研究柚皮苷硬膜外腔注射对致坐骨神经痛大鼠的疼痛行为学的影响。方法选择雄性SD大鼠28只,制作髓核致坐骨神经痛大鼠模型。随机分为4组,每组7只大鼠。术后第3天开始注药治疗,柚皮苷组每日硬膜外腔注入柚皮苷注射液50μl,地塞米松组每日硬膜外腔注入地塞米松注射液50μl,生理盐水组每日硬膜外腔注入生理盐水50μl,未注药组硬膜外腔无药物注入处理。检测大鼠术前,术后及给药后1、3、7、14d的疼痛行为指标（50％机械性刺激缩足阈值和热刺激缩足反应潜伏期）。结果4组大鼠在术后均对机械刺激产生明显的痛觉过敏,与术前比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;柚皮苷组与地塞米松组在提高疼痛行为学指标的作用方面差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论硬膜外腔注射柚皮苷可有效改善髓核致坐骨神经痛大鼠的疼痛反应。     

A prospective,randomised, controlled multicentre study comparing cervical disc replacement with anterior cervical decompression and fusion

Purpose

Total cervical artificial disc replacement (TDR) simulates normal disc structure, thus avoiding the drawbacks of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). This prospective, randomized, controlled and multicentre study aimed to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes by comparing cervical disc replacement using Mobi-C disc prostheses with ACDF.

Methods

This prospective, randomized, controlled and multicentre study consisted of 111 patients undergoing single-level Mobi-C disc prosthesis replacement (TDR group, n?=?55) or ACDF (n?=?56) from February 2008 to November 2009 at 11 medical centres across China. Patients were assessed before surgery, at seven days postoperation and one, three, six, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months postoperation. Clinical and neurological outcome was determined by measuring the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Static and dynamic radiographs were obtained of the cervical curvature, the functional spinal unit (FSU) angle and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine, FSU angle and treated and adjacent segments.

Results

A total of 111 patients were included and randomly assigned to either Mobi-C disc prosthesis replacement or ACDF. JOA, VAS and NDI showed statistically significant improvements 48 months after surgery (P?p?>?0.05). ROM in the ACDF group was significantly reduced at one month and remained so throughout the follow-up. By 48-months, more ACDF patients required secondary surgery (four of 56 patients).

Conclusions

Although ACDF may increase the risk of additional surgery, clinical outcomes indicated that both Mobi-C artificial cervical disc replacement and ACDF were reliable. Radiographic data showed that ROM of the cervical spine, FSU angle and treated and adjacent segments were relatively better reconstructed and maintained in the Mobi-C group compared with those in the ACDF group.     

艾滋病患者并发弓形体病误诊分析

目的为提高艾滋病合并弓形虫感染的认识和弓形虫形态学识别能力,避免误诊。方法文献复习艾滋病合并弓形虫感染患者的临床特征,弓形体病与黑热病的鉴别要点,以病原体图像比较利杜体、弓形虫形态特点。结果病例诊断为艾滋病合并弓形体病。结论误诊的主要原因是将骨髓中弓形虫速殖子误判为利杜体。     

Effects of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on memory CD4+ T cells of focal proliferative IgA nephropathy

Objective To explore the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on memory CD4+ T cells of focal proliferative IgA nephropathy (IgAN）patients. Methods (1) Total of twenty incipient focal proliferative IgAN patients (Lee classification: Ⅲ level) were chosen as IgAN group and 20 healthy volunteers were chosen as healthy control group. The level of serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by the method of Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the absence or presence of various concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, Dexamethasone(DEX) and 1,25(OH)2D3 and DEX combined. PBMCs were cultured for 72 hours and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, Foxp3 were measured by flow cytometry(FCM), standing for the levels of Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg. (2) IgAN group was divided into two subgroups (proteinuria＜1 g/24 h subgroup, proteinuria≥1 g/24 h subgroup), then the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, Foxp3 were compared. Results Compared with healthy control group, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level of IgAN group was significantly lower (P＜0.05). Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level in proteinuria≥1 g/24 h subgroup was significantly lower than proteinuria＜1 g/24 h subgroup and healthy control group (P＜0.05). The level in proteinuria＜1 g/24 h subgroup was lower than healthy control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). (2) The levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A and the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4, IL-17A/Foxp3 in IgAN group increased significantly compared with healthy control group (all P＜0.05), and the level of Foxp3 decreased significantly (P＜0.05). The level of IL-4 also increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A and the ratio of IL-17A/Foxp3 in proteinuria≥1 g/24 h subgroup increased significantly, and the level of Foxp3 decreased significantly, compared with urinary protein＜1 g/24 h subgroup and healthy control group (P＜0.05). The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in proteinuria≥1 g/24 h subgroup and proteinuria＜1 g/24 h subgroup all increased, compared with healthy control group, and the ratio in proteinuria≥1 g/24 h subgroup increased significantly (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of IL-4 among all groups. (3) After treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A and the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-17A/Foxp3 decreased significantly, and the level of Foxp3 increased significantly (P＜0.05), and these effects were more obvious as the increase of the drug concentration. The level of IL-4 did not change significantly. The combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and DEX had a synergistic inhibition on the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, and the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-17A/Foxp3, and had a synergistic promotion on the production of Foxp3. Conclusions There is a certain extent of vitamin D deficiency in focal proliferative IgAN patients, which may be associated with the severity of proteinuria. The disorder of immunomodulatory effects of memory CD4+ T cell might exist in the patients of focal proliferative IgAN. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 might have beneficial effects on the immunoregulation of memory CD4+T cells of focal proliferative IgAN patients.