考马斯亮蓝染色法检测人精子顶体反应的评价

为建立一种检测人精子顶体反应的简便实用的新技术，用３．５％高氯酸水溶液配制０．０５％考马斯亮蓝（Ｒ２５０）染色液浸染人精子３０ｍｉｎ，顶体完整者顶体区染成紫蓝色，顶体反应者则不染。对获能前后和钙离子载体Ａ２３１８７诱导顶体反应的精子进行染色并与经典的顶体反应检测技术ＰＳＡ法对照，两种方法检测顶体反应率无显著差异。方法学检验证明新技术结果可靠。本法操作简便、经济，普通显微镜即可检测，易于推广，克服了原有技术复杂昂贵的缺点，具有研究和临床诊断的良好价值。     

一种基于独立成分分析的功能磁共振数据处理方法

独立成分分析（ICA）是统计信号处理中的一项新技术，用来从混合信号的多维观测中提取具有统计独立性的成分。我们针对功能磁共振数据处理，采用先对相邻的两体元信号作ICA分离，然后与参考信号进行相关，把相关系数大于一定阈值的体元作为刺激引起兴奋的体元，从而实现刺激的功能定位。经实际脑功能磁共振数据试验，初步证明了方法的有效性。     

哇巴因与地高辛对大鼠肝脏钠泵A亚单位基因表达的影响

目的　观察哇巴因与地高辛对大鼠肝脏钠泵基因表达的影响 .方法　分别给大鼠注射哇巴因 (2 0 μg· kg- 1·d- 1 )、地高辛 (32 μg·kg- 1·d- 1 )和生理盐水 (1m L· kg- 1·d- 1 ) ,观察给药后 6wk大鼠血压的动态变化 ;并分别应用分子生物学 RT- PCR及免疫组织化学技术 ,探讨各组大鼠肝脏钠泵 α1 ,α2 及 α3 亚单位 m RNA及蛋白水平基因表达的改变 .结果　给予哇巴因 2 wk后大鼠血压开始升高 ,至 6 wk时明显高于生理盐水组 (17.7± 1.2 ) vs(15 .4± 1.1) k Pa,P<0 .0 1) ,而实验过程中地高辛组血压与对照组比较差异不明显 .无论是在 m RNA水平还是在蛋白水平 ,哇巴因对大鼠肝脏钠泵α1 亚单位表达无影响 ,而地高辛使α1 亚单位表达增强 ;两组大鼠 α2 亚单位表达均无改变 ;哇巴因使 α3 亚单位蛋白水平表达减弱 ,而 m RNA水平增强 ,地高辛组大鼠肝脏钠泵 α3 亚单位无论在 m RNA水平及蛋白水平表达均增强 .结论　哇巴因在高血压发病中可能起着重要作用 ;哇巴因与地高辛可导致不同的钠泵基因表达改变 ,为进一步揭示内源性哇巴因生理与病理作用以及洋地黄类药物药理与毒理作用的分子机制提供了理论及实验依据     

国产盐酸西替利嗪片的人体药代动力学及相对生物利用度

目的 :研究国产盐酸西替利嗪片的人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度。 方法 :选择 8名男性健康志愿者 ,采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,以紫外 2 2 9nm为检测波长 ,测定了单剂量 (10 mg)口服国产盐酸西替利嗪片和进口盐酸西替利嗪片在人体内的西替利嗪浓度。 结果 :盐酸西替利嗪的体内动态过程呈一级吸收的二房室开放模型 ,国产片和进口片的 cmax分别为(316 .71± 39.6 6 )和 (314.80± 31.79) ng/ ml,tmax分别为 (0 .72± 0 .0 9)和 (0 .72± 0 .0 9) h,t1 /2β分别为 (10 .71± 3.0 6 )和(9.95± 2 .41) h,AU C0～∞ 分别为 (2 72 8.5 2± 35 6 .0 6 )和 (2 75 3.0 1± 36 0 .33) ng· h/ ml。结论 :国产盐酸西替利嗪片剂的相对生物利用度为 (99.5 0± 8.89) % ;选择 cmax和 AU C0～∞ 进行三因素方差分析与双单侧 t检验 ,结果表明国产片和进口片两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

柱切换HPLC法测定腹水中左旋氧氟沙星的含量

目的：应用柱切换ＨＰＬＣ技术直接测定腹水中左旋氧氟沙得含量。方法：采用磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液（ＰＨ２．２）－０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁溴化化铵（１００：４）为预处理流动相,经μＢｏｎｄａｐａｋ Ｃ１８柱预处理后,切换到Ｉｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒ＿ＨＣ１８分析柱,以甲醇－磷权二氢钾缓冲溶液（ＰＨ２．２）－０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵（３０：７０：４）为分析流动相进行分离测定,紫外线皮长为２９４ｎｍ。结果：左旋氧氟     

天津市1999-2021年0~14岁儿童伤害死亡谱及城乡差异分析

目的 分析天津市0~14岁儿童伤害死亡谱的特征、变化情况及城乡差异。方法 1999-2021年天津市儿童伤害死亡数据来源于天津市全人口全死因监测数据库,计算不同亚组人群和主要伤害原因的构成比、粗死亡率和标化死亡率并比较城乡差异。采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析死亡原因构成比的时间变化趋势。采用Joinpoint回归分析变化趋势,计算平均年变化百分比（AAPC）。伤害死亡风险的季节差异用死亡率比值及其95%CI表示。结果 1999-2021年,伤害是天津市0~14岁儿童的第3位死因。农村儿童死于医疗卫生机构的比例为31.08%,低于城市的37.82%。儿童伤害的总体标化死亡率呈下降趋势（AAPC=-5.54%,P<0.001）。溺水和道路交通伤害的标化死亡率在城市和农村地区呈下降趋势（P<0.001）。意外中毒的标化死亡率仅在农村地区呈下降趋势（AAPC=-8.09%,P<0.001）,在城市地区无明显变化趋势（P>0.05）。自杀标化死亡率在城市地区无明显变化趋势（P>0.05）,在10~14岁农村儿童中呈上升趋势（AAPC=4.58%）。跌倒/坠落标化死亡率在城市和农村地区均无明显变化趋势（P>0.05）。伤害死亡的总体风险和溺水死亡风险在城乡均为夏季最高;道路交通伤害在城市为秋季最高,在农村为夏季最高;意外中毒死亡风险在城乡均为冬季最高。结论 近年来天津市儿童伤害死亡情况得到明显改善。城市和农村地区的儿童伤害死亡水平仍存在较大差异,在未来政策制定中,应充分考虑缩小城乡差距。     

Gene cloning and sequencing of BmK AS and BmK AS-1, two novel neurotoxins from the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch.

Based on the known amino acid sequences of BmK AS and BmK AS-1, the gene specific primers were designed and synthesized for 3' and 5' RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends). Their partial cDNA fragments obtained by 3' and 5' RACE were cloned and sequenced, and the full length cDNA sequences of BmK AS and BmK AS-1 were then completed by overlapping their two partial cDNA sequences, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences both consist of 85 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide of 19 residues and a mature toxin of 66 residues. They are different in 17 amino acid residues, among them 11 residues in the mature toxin. The predicted amino acid sequences of BmK AS and BmK AS-1 were almost consistent with those determined and revised (personal communication), only different in one and two residues at their COO-terminal parts, respectively. Based on the determined cDNA sequences, and using the total DNAs isolated from the scorpion venom glands as a template, the genomic DNAs of BmK AS and BmK AS-1 were also amplified by PCR and sequenced. It showed that no intron was inserted in their open reading frames, while in the exon of signal peptide sequences of other Na+, K+ and Cl- channel toxins from the same scorpion, an intron is usually found. However, the Northern blot hybridization results indicated that the sizes of their mRNA should be around 800 bp. Their extra sequences around 400 bp which might function as an intron should be located at their 5' untranslated regions.     

Characterization of descending facilitation and inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat.

1. Descending influences produced by focal electrical stimulation in the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis (NGC) and gigantocellularis pars alpha (NGC alpha) on spinal nociceptive transmission and the dorsoventral region of spinal white matter mediating stimulation-produced modulation were examined in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized, paralyzed rats. Spinal units studied responded to mechanical stimuli and noxious heating (50 degrees C) of cutaneous receptive fields confined to the glabrous skin of the ipsilateral hind foot. Recording sites were located in laminae I-VI of the L3-L5 spinal segments. 2. Electrical stimulation in the NGC or NGC alpha produced both facilitation and inhibition of responses of spinal units to noxious heating of the skin. At 33 of 57 stimulation sites in the NGC and NGC alpha, electrical stimulation produced biphasic effects, facilitating responses at lesser intensities (5-25 microA) and inhibiting responses at greater intensities (50-100 microA). At 21 other sites in the NGC and NGC alpha, electrical stimulation (5-100 microA) only inhibited, and at 3 sites stimulation (5-100 microA) only facilitated responses of spinal units to noxious heating of the skin. 3. Electrical stimulation in the NGC or NGC alpha contralateral to the spinal recording site produced the same magnitude of facilitation/inhibition or inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission as did stimulation in the ipsilateral NGC and NGC alpha. 4. The latencies to descending facilitation and inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission from the NGC and NGC alpha were estimated by a cumulative sum technique to be 232 and 80 ms, respectively. 5. Responses of spinal units to graded heating (42-50 degrees C) of the skin exhibited positively accelerating stimulus-response functions (SRF) throughout the temperature range tested. Electrical stimulation at lesser, "facilitating" intensities produced a parallel, leftward shift of the SRF, whereas stimulation at greater, "inhibitory" intensities significantly decreased the slope of the SRF without affecting the threshold for response. 6. To determine whether activation of cell bodies in the NGC or NGC alpha were capable of replicating the effects of electrical stimulation, L-glutamate was microinjected into sites where electrical stimulation facilitated at lesser and inhibited at greater intensities the responses of spinal units to 50 degrees C heating of the skin. L-Glutamate (5 nmol) produced a rapid onset, short-lasting and reproducible facilitation of nociceptive transmission; glutamate microinjection into the same site at a greater dosage (50 nmol) inhibited responses of the same spinal units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

皮肤过敏原点刺试验在儿童哮喘病原诊断中的应用

目的 了解皮肤过敏原点刺试验在哮喘病原诊断中的应用。方法 变应原皮试液由上海医科大学提供，用生理盐水作阴性对照，盐酸组织胺作阳性对照。以患儿前臂屈侧，婴幼儿亦可用背部皮肤进行点刺试验。结果 阳性结果依次为上海螨、屋尘、棉絮、蟑螂、枕垫、霉菌和花粉等，全部阴性20例。结论 从一个侧面说明了本地区引起哮喘发作的各种致敏因素，皮肤过敏原点剌试验对患儿痛苦小，易于操作，重复性较高，但尚存在假阳性及假阴性的情况，操作时针刺点深浅掌握不好易影响结果，故对其结果必须结合临床具体分析。     

复方毛冬青注射液与3种输液配伍后的微粒及其pH值观察

目的　观察复方毛冬青注射液分别与 0 9%氯化钠注射液、10 %葡萄糖注射液和小儿用葡萄糖氯化钠注射液 3种输液配伍时的不溶性微粒及其pH值变化。方法　不同剂量 ( 4、6、8和 10ml)的复方毛冬青注射液分别与 10 0ml上述输液配伍 ,混合液的不溶性微粒利用微粒分析仪测定 ,以及其 pH值利用pH/离子计仪测定。 结果　不同剂量复方毛冬青注射液与各输液混合其 4个通道 (≥ 2 5 μm、≥ 10 μm、≥ 5 μm、≥ 2 μm)的不溶性微粒均显著性增多 (P <0 .0 1) ,且其pH也有明显变化。 结论　复方毛冬青注射液与 3种输液配伍的不溶性微粒不符合中国药典及英国药典的质量标准 ,应引起重视。建议在临床应用时可在其一次性输液器加装有效的终端滤器