乳腺癌影像学检查进展

乳腺癌已成为我国妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤，目前的影像检查手段主要包括乳腺钼靶检查、B超检查、以及逐步完善的MR检查，本综述将对乳腺钼靶及MR检查方法的特点及进展作一综述，并对常用的各种方法进行比较。     

干扰素－α对兔离体的卵巢颗粒细胞孕酮生成的影响

本研究应用离体培养的兔卵巢颗粒细胞观察了ＩＦＮ－ａ对孕酮生成的影响。细胞预培养２４ｈ后，用ＩＦＮ－ａ（５０～８００Ｕ／ｍｌ）处理培养的颗粒细胞１２ｂ刺激孕酮的生成并呈剂量依赖关系。在ＩＦＮ－ａ加入培养细胞后３、１２和２４ｈ．刺激作用非常明显，但刺激作用的幅度在３和１２ｈ较大，分别为对照组的２４和２０倍。此外，ＩＦＮ－ａ刺激离体兔颗粒细胞孕酮生成的作用被同时加钙螫合剂ＥＧＴＡ（１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或钙通道阻断剂异搏定（ｖｅｒ）２０和２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ所抑制。本研究结果表明，ＩＦＮ－ａ刺激离体兔卵巢颗粒细胞孕酮的生成，其作用依赖于细胞外的Ｃａ２＋浓度。     

肺癌病理类型的计算机鉴别诊断

肺癌的治疗方案与预后取决于肺癌的病理类型。本文按照概率型的数学模型──最大似然法，建立计算机鉴别肺癌病理类型的数学模型，用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编制诊断程序。结果表明该方法的诊断正确率高于临床，为肺癌病理类型的分类提供了一种简便、快捷、实用的方法。     

前列腺癌与增生性病变的流式细胞分析

应用流式细胞分析术（ＦＣＭ）对２０例前列腺癌（ＰＣ）和１５例良性前列腺组织作了ＤＮＡ含量检测，着重分析了ＰＣ及增生性病变的细胞增殖指数（ＰＩ）与ＤＮＡ指数（ＤＩ）。结果表明在良恶性前列腺组织中有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２０例ＰＣ的组织学分级与ＦＣＭ检测结果有关，ＰＣ－Ⅲ与ＰＣ１－Ⅰ、ＰＣ－Ⅱ与ＰＣ－Ⅰ、ＰＣ－Ⅲ与ＢＰＨ的ＰＩ、ＤＩ相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本研究结果提示良恶性前列腺病变的ＰＩ与ＤＩ能较客观地反应不同细胞的生物活性，并对分化低、分级高的ＰＣ的恶性程度判断及其预后的推测，以及癌前病变的分析有意义。     

Studies an morphological typing of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions

Morphological typing of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in 300 caws of malignant tumors and 140 cams of benign lesions was analyzed and five morphological types of ApNOR were described in detail. In malignant tumors, the diffuse type (78%) was the most frequently seen, and in benign lesions, the nucleolar type (92.85%); the difference was thus highly significant (P < 0.001). The intranucleolar and aggregate types were not observed in benign lesions. There was no obvious difference in the proportion of the mixed type in benign and malignant lesions (P > 0.05). The relationship between grade of malignancy and morphological typing of AgNOR and its clinical significance are discussed.     

注射性臀肌纤维化的实验研究

以家兔为实验动物,连续肌注青霉素5天后局部水肿;10天后肌纤维混浊肿胀,纤维母细胞增生;15天后部分肌纤维进行性萎缩,结缔组织大量增生并形成挛缩束带,逐渐取代肌纤维,运动终板形态和结构改变,逐渐消失.预防方法包括分散肌注部位和局部早期热敷.     

干牛骨拉伸弹性模量沿径向的分布

本文研究了干牛胫骨骨干密质骨部分沿生长轴方向的拉伸弹性模量沿径向的分布，发现此弹性模量沿径向呈非均匀分布，内外两侧的弹性模量值低于中间部分；提出了一种骨内疲劳裂纹的分布假设，并据此对测试结果进行了初步性的分析。     

Epstein-Barr病毒载体介导的白细胞介素12在肝癌细胞中的靶向表达

目的研究白细胞介素－１２（Ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－１２，ＩＬ－１２）在肝癌细胞靶向性表达，探索肝癌基因治疗新方法。方法将白介素－１２分别克隆到带有人甲胎蛋白启动子和增强子的Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ（ＥＢ）病毒载体中，得到重组表达载体ｐＥＢＡＦ／Ｐ３５和ｐＥＢＡＦ／Ｐ４０，分别在４种细胞系中作共转染，用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测各细胞系中ＩＬ－１２的表达情况。结果用ｐＥＢＡＦ／Ｐ３５和ｐＥＢＡＦ／Ｐ４０共转染４种细胞后ＩＬ－１２基因只在产生甲胎蛋白的肝癌细胞（ＨｅｐＧ２）中表达，活性检测证明，表达的ＩＬ－１２有诱使ＩＦＮ－γ产生的生物学活性。结论本研究在肝癌细胞中靶向性和组织特异性的表达了有活性的ＩＬ－１２，为既能杀死肝癌细胞，又不影响正常肝细胞功能的新型基因治疗方案做了有益的探索。     

Genipin-crosslinked gelatin microspheres as a drug carrier for intramuscular administration: in vitro and in vivo studies

Gelatin microspheres have been widely evaluated as a drug carrier. Nevertheless, gelatin dissolves rather rapidly in aqueous environments, making the use of the polymer difficult for the production of long-term delivery systems. This adverse aspect requires the use of a crosslinking agent in forming nonsoluble networks in microspheres. However, the use of crosslinking agents such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde can lead to toxic side effects owing to residual crosslinkers. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a naturally occurring crosslinking agent (genipin) was used to crosslink gelatin microspheres as a biodegradable drug-delivery system for intramuscular administration. Glutaraldehyde was used as a control. In the in vitro study, the morphology, dynamic swelling, and antienzymatic degradation of test microspheres were evaluated. In the in vivo study, the biocompatibility and degradability of test microspheres were implanted in the skeletal muscle of a rat model via intramuscular injection. The results obtained in the study suggested that crosslinking of gelatin microspheres with glutaraldehyde or genipin may produce distinct crosslinking structures. The water transport mechanism in both the glutaraldehyde- and genipin-crosslinked gelatin microspheres exhibit anomalous behavior ranging from Fickian to Case-II extremes. The increase of the swelling diameter for the genipin-crosslinked microspheres was significantly less than that observed for the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked microspheres. In the animal study, it was found that the degree in inflammatory reaction for tissues implanted with the genipin-crosslinked microspheres was significantly less than that implanted with the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked microspheres. Additionally, the degradation rate of the genipin-crosslinked microspheres was significantly slower than their glutaraldehyde-crosslinked counterparts. These results indicated that the genipin-crosslinked gelatin microspheres may be used as a long-acting drug carrier for intramuscular administration.     

心理社会因素在糖尿病发生过程中的作用及机理研究 Ⅳ.Ⅱ型糖尿病发生的危险因素分析

目的：分析影响人类Ⅱ型糖尿病发生的危险因素，比较心理社会因素及生物因素的影响程度。方法：对１３１名糖耐量低减和９１名糖耐量正常者平均追踪１８个月，对影响血糖变化和发生糖尿病的人群的社会心理因素及某些生理因素进行Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析和相关分析。结果：在对正常转糖耐量低减的回归分析中，年龄和体重指数的影响最大；但在正常和糖耐量低减转糖尿病的两个回归分析中，生活事件强度的贡献量均排在第１位。结论：心理社会因素在一定的生理条件下对糖尿病的发生起作用，其环节可能在糖耐量低减转糖尿病过程。