抵挡汤对糖尿病心肌病小鼠NLRP3炎症小体的作用及机制

目的:探讨不同剂量抵挡汤对糖尿病小鼠心肌炎性病变的影响.方法:选取60只C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为正常组(10只)和模型组(50只).模型组小鼠采用高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射制备糖尿病小鼠模型,模型制备成功后继续高脂饲料喂养,8周后采用超声成像平台检测小鼠心功能,出现心功能减退,则糖尿病心肌病小鼠造模...     

益气温阳、活血化瘀方对慢性病毒性心肌炎模型小鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察益气温阳、活血化瘀方对慢性病毒性心肌炎模型小鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法采用多次腹腔注射柯萨奇B3m病毒稀释液方法,复制小鼠慢性病毒性心肌炎的模型。将BALB/c小鼠120只,随机分为：模型组、空白组、中药治疗组,每组40只。中药组予益气温阳、活血化瘀方治疗,空白组和模型组灌胃同体积生理盐水。于给药4周后采用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）,观察益气温阳、活血化瘀方对实验性慢性病毒性心肌炎模型小鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。结果中药组与模型组比较,可改善小鼠心肌组织病理形态学及超微结构的变化,抑制心肌细胞凋亡。结论益气温阳活血化瘀方能够减轻慢性病毒性心肌炎模型小鼠病理损伤,抑制心肌细胞肥大,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,从而对慢性病毒性心肌炎起到一定的防治作用。     

Comparison of the time to onset of action on myocardial ischaemia following intravenous administration of isosorbide dinitrate and 5-isosorbide mononitrate in Chinese patients

OBJECTIVE: The onset of action of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate (CAS 87-33-2, ISDN) and intravenous 5-isosorbide mononitrate (CAS 16051-77-7, 5-ISMN) were compared by measurement of the indicators of perfusion to ischaemic myocardium. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with coronary heart disease were randomly allocated to receive intravenous ISDN or 5-ISMN. The extent of myocardial ischaemia before infusion and at 3, 15 and 45 min after commencement of infusion was evaluated using 99mTc-MIBI myocardium tomography imaging and electrocardiograms. RESULTS: The perfusion defects were significantly reduced or resolved in 11 patients (84.1%) receiving ISDN and 2 patients (15.38%) receiving 5-ISMN at 3 min. At 15 min the improvement was significantly greater in the ISDN group than in the 5-ISMN group. The improvements of 99mTc-MIBI myocardial uptake ratio and electrocardiograms were statistically significant in the ISDN group at 3 min and 15 min compared to pre-infusion. Although a significant improvement appeared at 15 min in the 5-ISMN group, it was significantly less than that observed in the ISDN group (p < 0.05). After 45 min, there were improvements in ischaemia in both groups with the difference compared to pre-infusion being significant, and there was no statistically significant difference between the ISDN and 5-ISMN group. CONCLUSION: In patients with coronary heart disease with ischaemic episodes the onset of therapeutic activity was more rapid with intravenous ISDN compared to 5-ISMN. ISDN should be the preferred intravenous nitrate for acute ischaemic episodes where a rapid onset of therapeutic action is desired.     

Neurobehavioral deficits in neonatal rhesus monkeys exposed to cocaine in utero

In spite of significant efforts, the neurobehavioral deficits in infants born from cocaine-abusing mothers have not been clearly defined. In the present study, we examined the presence of these abnormalities in a rhesus monkey model of prenatal cocaine exposure using a nonhuman primate adaptation of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Pregnant monkeys (n = 14) received 10 mg/kg cocaine twice a day orally (in fruit treats) from the 40th through 102nd postconception days (PCD40-PCD102), which is the period of cerebral cortical neuronogenesis (approximately second trimester). The control consisted of pregnant monkeys (n = 14) receiving fruit treats only. The animals were allowed to deliver vaginally at term (approximately PCD165). The first testing session was conducted on PCD171 (within the first week after birth); the second testing session was conducted on PCD177 (within the second week after birth); the third test was conducted on PCD183 (within the third week after birth); and the fourth testing session was conducted on PCD189 (within the fourth week after birth). The prenatally cocaine-exposed infants showed deficits in orientation, state control, and motor maturity, which were detectable during the second, third, and fourth testing sessions. The same testing sessions also revealed a significant reduction in the time devoted to toy manipulation, which points to impaired attention. None of these abnormalities were seen during the first testing session. The first session, however, revealed increased tremulousness (one of the indicators of autonomic stability) in the prenatally cocaine-exposed infants. This impairment disappeared by the third testing session. The present findings demonstrate the potential of prenatal cocaine exposure to induce neurobehavioral deficits detectable by NBAS-like testing in primate infants.     

The characteristics of impaired fasting glucose associated with obesity and dyslipidaemia in a Chinese population

Background  

Different populations have diverse patterns of relationships between Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and obesity and lipid markers, it is important to investigate the characteristics of associations between IFG and other related risk factors including body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), serum lipids and blood pressure (BP) in a Chinese population.     

Self-reported prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in three cities of China: a multicenter study

Background  

Several studies conducted during the 1990s indicated that childhood allergic diseases were increasing worldwide, but more recent investigations in some Western countries have suggested that the trend is stabilizing or may even be reversing. However, few data are available on the current status of allergic disease prevalence in Chinese children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rates of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in children of three major cities of China, to determine the status of allergic diseases among Chinese children generally, and to evaluate the prevalence of allergic diseases in children of different ages.     

在吸毒人群中开展减低危害预防艾滋病效果分析

目的了解柳州市吸毒人群状况,探讨在吸毒人群中开展针具交换和美沙酮维持治疗对预防艾滋病传播的可行性。方法通过艾滋病自愿咨询检测、在社区内开展美沙酮维持治疗、清洁针具交换和针具回收及公安机关配合戒毒所开展健康教育关爱支持等措施。结果柳州市吸毒人群干预后艾滋病传播危险性降低,共用针具大幅度下降,艾滋病感染率从2000年的24.88%下降到2008年的13.10%。结论在吸毒人群中开展美沙酮维持治疗、清洁针具交换有利于提高吸毒者预防艾滋病的能力,改变HIV感染各种危险行为,控制艾滋病蔓延和传播。     

液基薄层细胞学检查配合阴道镜检查对子宫颈病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨液基薄层细胞学检查（TCT）联合阴道镜检查对子宫颈病变的临床诊断应用价值.方法 选取疑似为宫颈病变的患者980例,采用TCT联合阴道镜检查,其中,送检样本阳性涂片患者102例,均行阴道镜检查,于阴道镜下取组织活检.结果 980例患者的102例阳性患者中,不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASC）、低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、宫颈癌前病变（HSIL）及不典型腺细胞（AGC）的检出率分别为6.1％、0.6％、2.1％和1.5％;对细胞学阳性样本进行阴道镜组织活检,两种检测结果比较：LSIL为72.4％ （21/29）,HSIL为93.8％ （15/16）.结论 TCT筛查可增加宫颈病变阳性诊断率,对于高度疑似患者配合阴道镜检查及阴道组织活检可以进一步提高诊断的准确度,以便为临床治疗提供科学的方案.     

社区糖尿病患者的健康管理

糖尿病是由胰岛素抵抗和/或胰岛素分泌缺乏所致的一组以高血糖为特征的慢性疾病,随着病程延长可出现多系统损害,导致眼、肾、神经、心脏、血管等组织的慢性进行性病变,引起功能缺陷及衰竭,严重时可发生糖尿病急性并发症,甚至危及生命.临床上分为4型,其中2型糖尿病占糖尿病患者的95％以上,是社区预防与健康管理的重点.现就社区糖尿病的健康管理综述如下：     

Pyruvate Is Superior to Citrate in Oral Rehydration Solution in the Protection of Intestine via Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1 Activation in Rats With Burn Injury

Background: Recent studies have suggested that pyruvate‐enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr‐ORS) may be superior to the standard bicarbonate‐based ORS in the protection of intestine from ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Pyr‐ORS with citrate‐enriched ORS (Cit‐ORS) on the intestinal hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1)–erythropoietin (EPO) signaling pathway for enteral rehydration in a rat model of burn injury. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (N = 20, 2 subgroups each: n = 10): scald sham (group SS), scald with no fluid resuscitation (group SN), scald and resuscitation with enteral Cit‐ORS (group SC), and scald and resuscitation with enteral Pyr‐ORS (group SP). At 2.5 and 4.5 hours after a 35% total body surface area (TBSA) scald, intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF), contents of HIF‐1, EPO, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), barrier protein (ZO‐1), levels of serum diamine oxidase (DAO), and intestinal mucosal histology injury score were determined. Results: Serum DAO activities in the scalded groups were significantly elevated, but less raised in group SP than in group SC, at 2.5 hours and at 4.5 hours after the scald. Further, group SP more profoundly preserved intestinal HIF‐1 expression compared with group SC at the 2 time points. Compared with group SC, group SP had markedly elevated intestinal EPO, eNOS, and NO levels at the same time points, respectively (P < .05). Similarly, IMBF and ZO‐1 levels were significantly higher in group SP than in group SC. Intestinal mucosal histopathological scores were statistically higher at 2.5 hours and 4.5 hours after scalding but were more attenuated in group SP than in group SC (P < .05). Immunofluorescence expression of intestinal mucosal ZO‐1 was consistent with the above changes. The above parameters were also significantly different between groups SC and SN (all P < .05). Conclusion: Pyr‐ORS provides a superior option to Cit‐ORS for the preservation of intestinal blood flow and barrier function and the attenuation of histopathological alterations in enteral resuscitation of rats with burn injury. Its underlying mechanism may be closely related to the pyruvate in activation of intestinal HIF‐1‐EPO signaling cascades.