大肠肿瘤组织中EB病毒的原位杂交检测

目的：探讨EB病毒感染与人大肠癌发生的关系。方法：用原位分子杂交法对130例人大肠癌标本中EB病毒小分子RNA片段进行检测。结果：130例标本中有6例（4.48％）癌组织呈阳性反应，其中4例为男性，4例有明显淋巴细胞浸润。结论：EB病毒感染可能与我国部分大肠腺癌的发生有关，肿瘤细胞间质中大量淋巴细胞浸润可能是EB病毒感染的重要病理学特征。     

No impact of repeated endoscopic screens on gastric cancer mortality in a prospectively followed Chinese population at high risk.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in China. Our study prospectively evaluated the impact of repeated endoscopic screens on GC mortality in a high-risk population in China. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1999, a population-based gastroscopic screening was conducted in 4,394 residents of Linqu County, China, a region with the highest rates of GC worldwide. Residents ages 35 to 64 years received initial gastroscopies with biopsies in 1989. Repeated endoscopies were performed in 1994 and 1999. Cancer occurrences and deaths were actively monitored throughout the entire period until July 2000. Mortality from GC was compared with expected values based on mortality rates obtained for Linqu in the 1990-1992 Chinese Cancer Mortality Survey. RESULTS: Between March 1989 and July 2000, 39,303 person-years were accumulated; 85 new GCs occurred, 29 (34.5%) were in early stage. Fifty-eight cases (68%) were identified at one of the screens. The number of observed deaths from GC (37) was close to the expected (36.8). The standardized mortality ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.72-1.37) for the entire cohort, 1.13 (95% CI 0.77-1.57) for males, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.26-1.32) for females. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high population coverage with repeated screens, no reduction in GC mortality was observed in this high-risk population in China.     

蒙药制剂中毒性药物的应用分析

蒙医学在长期的临床实践中总结和探索出较为科学的毒性药物炮制、制剂配伍和应用方法，使毒性药物在临床得到极为广泛的应用。特别是蒙药一般选用生药、多复方、用量小、服用方法简便、起效迅速，其作用较等量中药制剂强而有力，其中重要原因之一就是蒙医学擅长使用毒性药物及峻烈药材，以毒攻毒，多有奇效。成方中含有毒药物的方剂比率较高，据《蒙医成方选》一书记载：解痉镇痛药全部8个配方，白喉肿毒治疗药配方24个中有20个，     

竹林区村庄白纹伊蚊孳生特点的调查

白纹伊蚊在竹林里孳生的阳性比为75.4%;而在竹林包围的居民区阳性比为15.3%。白纹伊蚊在居民区孳生密度布雷图指数为19.4,容器指数为6.2%。居民区孳生蚊虫的主要场所是泡菜坛,泡菜坛主要孳生蚊种是骚扰阿蚊,阳性比为73.7%,其次是淡色库蚊为20.2%,贪食库蚊为14.0%,白纹伊蚊最低,为9.1%。     

手工凝聚胺试验影响因素分析

目的分析各种因素对手工凝聚胺试验的影响；方法应用手工凝聚胺（manual polgbrene test，MPT）做交叉配血及抗体筛选试验；结果血液标本、操作手法、凝聚胺试剂、药物（肝素、止血敏、高浓度KCl等）等对试验均有影响；其中以药物、操作手法影响较大，可致假阴性和假阳性结果；结论手工凝聚胺试验做交叉配血及抗体筛选时应注意排除药物和操作手法对试验结果的影响。     

The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, fails to protect against neuronal damage caused by transient, severe forebrain ischemia in adult rats

The neuroprotective effects of dizocilipine maleate (MK-801), a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/channel, were tested in the 4-vessel occlusion rat model of forebrain ischemia. Adult Wistar rats, treated intraperitoneally with MK-801 or saline using several different treatment paradigms were subjected to 5 (n = 208) or 15 (n = 62) min of severe, transient forebrain ischemia. In saline-treated animals, 15 min of ischemia (n = 13) produced extensive and consistent loss of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 zone of hippocampus. The degree and distribution of cell loss were not reduced by single dose preischemic administration of MK-801 at 1 (n = 7), 2.5 (n = 4), or 5 mg/kg (n = 8). In other animals subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia, multiple doses of MK-801 (5, 2.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) given immediately and at approximately 8 and 20 hr after cerebral reperfusion (n = 5) did not alter CA1 injury compared to saline-treated controls (n = 5). Five minutes of forebrain ischemia in saline-treated animals, (n = 82) resulted in significantly fewer (p less than 0.001) dead CA1 pyramidal cells and a greater variance compared to animals subjected to 15 min of ischemia. Power analysis of the preliminary saline-treated animals subjected to 5 min of ischemia (n = 22) indicated that 60 animals per group were necessary to detect a 15% difference between MK-801 and vehicle-treated groups. Multidose treatment with MK-801 (1 mg/kg) given 1 hr prior to 5 min of ischemia (n = 60) and again at approximately 8 and 16 hr after recirculation failed to attenuate hippocampal injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

我读顾锡《银海指南·兼症总论》

<银海指南>[1]又名<眼科大成>,为清·顾锡于1807年所著.该书以论述眼病的病因病机非常精辟而又详尽称著.其中论及全身病兼目疾又是该书的一大特色,其学术理念对后学深有影响.我们今天循着顾氏所提示的辨治线索,仍然感到有指导性意义.     

Intracellular Ca2+ suppressed a transient potassium current in hippocampal neurons

The effects of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) on K+ currents in hippocampal cells were examined using acutely isolated cells obtained from adult guinea pigs. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were carried out in a configuration that allowed a continuous perfusion of the intracellular medium. Recording media were made to block inward currents and allowed selective activation of K(+)-dependent outward currents. Voltage-dependent outward currents consisted of an initial rapidly decaying component followed by a sustained component. The time constant of decay of the transient current was about 25 msec, and previous studies (Numann et al., 1987) showed that the kinetic and pharmacological properties of this current closely resembled the A current recorded in invertebrate neurons (Connor and Stevens, 1971; Thompson, 1982). Intracellular perfusion of hippocampal cells with a solution containing elevated Ca2+ (about 4.5 x 10(-4) M) elicited outward currents at the holding potential (-45 to -55 mV) and produced changes in voltage-dependent K+ currents. The transient outward current (IA) activated by depolarization was suppressed with increases in Ca2+i. Delayed, sustained K+ currents were greatly potentiated. Data also showed that, among the 3 effects elicited by Ca2+i, suppression of IA was most sensitive to Ca2+i elevation. Previous results (Numann et al., 1987) showed that IA had a lower threshold (about -45 mV) than sustained currents (about -40 mV). By using low levels of depolarization (-40 mV), IA can be selectively activated, and the suppressive effect of Ca2+i on IA was confirmed on the kinetically isolated IA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Therapy of human cervical carcinoma with monoclonal antibody-Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugates.

Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) linked to the F(ab')2 fragment of 1H10, a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a carbohydrate epitope of a glycoconjugate expressed on the surface of human cervical carcinoma tumor cells, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo activity. PE can kill cells by ADP-ribosylating elongation factor 2 thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Disulfide- as well as thioether-linked immunotoxins (1H10-PE) killed cervical carcinoma cells in vitro and were 20-160 times more inhibitory to target than to control cells. Cell killing was antibody mediated as demonstrated by the reduction of 1H10-PE growth inhibition to target CaSki cells by free 1H10 F(ab')2. In addition, a control antibody immunotoxin was nontoxic to CaSki cells. Thioether-linked 1H10-PE administered either i.v. or i.p. suppressed the growth of established solid s.c. cervical carcinoma tumors xenografted in nude mice for over 30 days. Treatment with antibody alone or a control immunotoxin had no significant effect on tumor growth. Administration of immunotoxin i.p. was associated with less toxicity than administration i.v., but i.v. injections were more effective at suppressing the growth of established solid tumors.     

淋巴管型着色芽生菌病1例

52岁男性农民，左手臂沿淋巴管排列损害4年。损害由结节和时间 红色浸润斑块覆污秽色痂组成，部分损害表面有黑点。临床表现酷似淋巴管型孢子丝菌病。直接镜检和组织病理见棕色厚壁孢子，培养证实病原菌为卡氏支孢霉。诊断为卡氏支孢霉所致皮肤着色芽生菌病。