Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidence and clinical significance.

When people are completely isolated from environmental time cues, their circadian rhythms free run with a nearly 24-h cycle, generated by an internal body clock. Free-running temperature, cortisol, and melatonin rhythms have also been described in totally blind people, even though they were living in normal society and had access to abundant time cues; thus an intact visual system may be essential for synchronization of the circadian system. However, because of the small numbers of subjects studied, the incidence and clinical significance of circadian rhythm abnormalities among the blind has remained uncertain. In this study, plasma melatonin (n = 20), cortisol (n = 4), and sleep propensity (n = 1) were measured in serial samples taken from totally blind subjects for 24 h. Most totally blind subjects had circadian rhythm abnormalities. In about half of the subjects, the rhythms were free-running. Some blind subjects suffered recurrent insomnia and daytime sleepiness that were maximal when the internal rhythms were out of phase with the preferred sleep times. The high incidence of abnormal circadian rhythms in blind people underscores the importance of the light-dark cycle as an important environmental synchronizer for the human circadian system.     

Plasmin effect on platelet glycoprotein Ib-von Willebrand factor interactions

We have studied the effect of streptokinase on platelets in platelet- rich plasma (PRP) and of plasmin on washed platelets. By three and one- half minutes after the addition of 50,000 IU/mL streptokinase to PRP, the maximum rate of ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination declined 40%, and by 60 minutes, it declined 70%. During the same time interval, the thrombin time increased from 20 seconds to over 120 seconds. At a concentration as low as 50 IU/mL, streptokinase reduced the maximum rate of ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination by 50% and prolonged the thrombin time to 1.5 times control value. Streptokinase added to PRP also caused inhibition of platelet aggregation following stimulation by 2.9 mumol/L adenosine diphosphate, 0.25 U/mL thrombin, and 0.025 mg/mL collagen. Plasmin, 0.05 to 1.0 CU/mL, reduced ristocetin-mediated agglutination of washed platelets in the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWF) from 66% of control to 2% of control, following a one-hour incubation. Autoradiograms produced following sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of plasmin- treated 125I-surface-labeled platelets demonstrated progressive loss of a protein with a molecular weight (mol wt) of 180,000; simultaneously, a protein with mol wt 135,000 appeared on autoradiograms produced following SDS-PAGE of the surrounding platelet medium. These proteins are similar in molecular weight to glycoprotein (gp) Ib, a platelet surface receptor for vWF, and glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of gpIb. By use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based immunoinhibition assay for glycocalicin, we were able to demonstrate that plasmin treatment of washed platelets released a glycocalicin- related antigen into the surrounding medium and that appearance of this material corresponding to loss of vWF-dependent, ristocetin-induced agglutination.     

Marrow culture in diffusion chambers in rabbits. I. Effect of mature granulocytes on cell production

Factors influencing granulopoiesis have been evaluated using diffusion chambers implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. An increase in granulopoiesis in chambers implanted in hosts made neutropenic by nitrogen mustard occurs in mice made neutropenic by x-ray or drug. The intraperitoneal injection of leukocytes inhibited the growth of cells in chambers implanted in rabbits. Removal of mature granulocytes from marrow prior to chamber inoculation produced a marked in-increase in cell growth, especially of granulocytes. Mature granulocytes clearly inhibited cell replication and this inhibition involved both myeloid and erythroid elements, although the data suggest a greater effect on myelopoiesis. In contrast to the mouse, erythropoiesis in chambers in rabbits remained prominent for over 1 wk.     

应用Tei指数对冠心病患者左室功能的研究

目的：探讨应用Tei指数评价冠心病患者左室功能的临床意义。方法：选取行冠脉造影确诊的冠心病患者36例,根据左室射血分数（LVEF）分两组,A组LVEF50％（20例）;B组LVEF〈50％（16例）,正常对照组为C组。研究对象行超声心动图检查,测量左室射血分数（LVEF）、Tei指数。结果：A组和B组的Tei指数均显著高于C组,具有极显著性差异。B组Tel指数显著高于A组（P〈0．01）。结论：Tei指数能早期、敏感、简便、客观反映左室整体功能。     

基于数据挖掘和“方-药-性-效”的藏医治疗慢性胃炎用药规律研究＊

目的 鉴于慢性胃炎是藏医优势病种且有较好的疗效，研究藏医治疗慢性胃炎的用药规律，为藏医临床与科研提供参考。方法 多中心收集藏医治疗慢性胃炎2613例有效临床医案，统一归纳藏医诊断确定归类分型，采用Gephi 0.9.2、SPSS Statistics 23、SPSS Modeler18等软件的描述性统计、Apriori算法、K-均值聚类分析方法，结合藏医“味性化味”药性理论进行分析，构建藏医治疗慢性胃炎的“方-药-性-效”复杂网络。结果 本研究涉及的慢性胃炎的藏医诊断可归纳为四种证型，其中隆型472例、赤巴型811例、培根型974例，其他证型356例。涉及藏药方剂共有137首，其中五鹏丸（1012次）、仁青芒觉（864次）、六味能消散（811次）等频次最高；关联规则分析发现，五味金色散和六味能消散关联最高。其中隆型以六味木香散等平隆助动、促进胃肠蠕动类方剂为主；赤巴型以五味金色散等清热凉血、消炎治疮类方剂为主；培根型以五味石榴散等平培根、助胃火类方剂为主。组方中诃子、木香、红花等使用频次最多，设置“支持度 ≥ 40%，置信度 ≥ 80%”时诃子、石榴子、木香等关联最强。药性分析发现，甘味、苦味、辛味等偏盛，十七效中以凉、钝、重、糙等为主，其中凉效、钝效可对治热、锐特性引起的胃热、胃肠糜烂等疾病，并分析方剂对治三因的比值，发现主要对治赤巴，其次为隆和培根。结论 通过构建“方-药-性-效”的研究模式，发现藏医对慢性胃炎的诊疗具有一定的规律可循，慢性胃炎在藏医诊断中可分为四种证型，总体治疗具有以“清血热-抑胃液-养胃火-通胃隆”四位一体的隐形用药规律，其中隆型以镇隆平气为主，赤巴型以清热凉血为主，培根型以平寒温胃为主，藏医临床治疗慢性胃炎提供有益参考。