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41.
Leslie R Chasmar 《CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY》2007,15(2):67-71
The rhomboid (Limberg) flap can be used to close defects almost anywhere on the body. It is versatile in that a random pattern flap can be raised from any one or all corners of the rhomboid. The defect is filled with tissue of the same thickness and colour, and with good vascularity. The present paper demonstrates the versatility of the rhomboid flap. 相似文献
43.
Disposition of tacrolimus in isolated perfused rat liver: influence of troleandomycin, cyclosporine, and gg918. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The disposition of tacrolimus and the influence of cyclosporine, troleandomycin, and GF120918 (GG918, or N-[4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)-ethyl]-phenyl]-9,10-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-4-acridine carboxamine) on its hepatic disposition were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver. Livers from groups of rats were perfused in a recirculatory manner following a bolus dose of tacrolimus (100 microg), a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A, or with felodipine (200 microg), a substrate only for CYP3A. Perfusions of each substrate were also examined in groups of rats in the presence of the inhibitors: troleandomycin (20 microM, CYP3A inhibitor), GG918 (1 microM, P-gp inhibitor), or cyclosporine (10 microM, CYP3A and P-gp inhibitor). In all experiments, perfusate and bile were collected for 60 min. Tacrolimus, felodipine, and their primary metabolites were determined in perfusate and bile by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 30 min was determined. For the dual CYP3A and P-gp substrate, tacrolimus, AUC +/- S.D. was decreased from control (2,260 +/- 430 ng. min/ml) by GG918 (1,730 +/- 270 ng. min/ml, P < 0.05) and was increased by troleandomycin (5,200 +/- 2,470 ng. min/ml, P < 0.05) and cyclosporine (4,390 +/- 2,080 ng. min/ml, P < 0.05). For the exclusive CYP3A substrate, felodipine, AUC was unchanged from control by GG918 but increased by troleandomycin and cyclosporine. It is concluded that GG918 increased the hepatic exposure of tacrolimus by inhibiting the canalicular P-gp transport, whereas GG918 has no effect on hepatic disposition of felodipine. These results support our hypothesis that the hepatic metabolic clearance of a dual substrate will be increased by inhibiting the efflux transporter. 相似文献
44.
A multicolour tandem labelling fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) procedure was used to compare the frequencies of radiation-inducedchromosome breakage and hyperdiploidy of chromosome 1 occurringin non-cultured granulocytes and Go lymphocytes with those observedin cultured metaphase and interphase lymphocytes. Whole blood,obtained from healthy male donors, was exposed in vitro to 0,100, 200, 300 and 400 cGy of ionizing radiation from a 137Cssource. Aliquots containing granulocytes and Go lymphocytesfrom each dose were treated immediately with hypotonic KCl onice and harvested. Cells were hybridized with 相似文献
45.
Kaufmann SJ; Sharif K; Sharma V; McVerry BA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):498-499
The patient was diagnosed in childhood as having severe congenital
neutropenia and had recurrent admissions with severe infections. In 1987,
prior to getting married, she was sterilized. She continued to require i.v.
antibiotics when she contracted a severe infection. On one occasion, she
was treated with growth colony stimulating factor (G- CSF). Her increased
neutrophil count was sustained following this treatment. In June 1993, she
wished to start a family and underwent in- vitro fertilization (IVF)
treatment. G-CSF was given prior to oocyte retrieval. She conceived on her
first cycle and an ultrasound scan revealed a singleton pregnancy.
Throughout the course of the pregnancy, her white cell count was monitored
closely and remained at <1.0x10(9)/l. The pregnancy progressed
uneventfully and at 37 weeks gestation she was admitted for G-CSF
injections. At 38 weeks she was delivered of a boy weighing 3350 g, by
elective Caesarean section. His white cell count was normal. This is the
first case of G-CSF being used before conception and during pregnancy in a
patient with congenital neutropenia. It shows that advances in cytokine
therapy and close interdisciplinary liaison can lead to a successful
outcome and help patients, who would otherwise remain childless, to achieve
a family.
相似文献
46.
Silber SJ; Nagy Z; Devroey P; Tournaye H; Van Steirteghem AC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(11):2422-2428
The aim of the study was to determine whether a prior diagnostic testicle
biopsy can predict success or failure of testicular sperm extraction (TESE)
with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with
non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure, and what is the
minimum threshold of sperm production in the testis which must be surpassed
for spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. Forty- five patients with
non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure underwent
diagnostic testicle biopsy prior to a planned future TESE-ICSI procedure.
The diagnostic testicle biopsy was analysed quantitatively, and correlated
with the quantitative findings of spermatogenesis in patients with normal
spermatogenesis, as well as with the results of subsequent attempts at
TESE-ICSI. Men with non- obstructive azoospermia caused by germinal failure
had a mean of 0-6 mature spermatids/seminiferous tubule seen on a
diagnostic testicle biopsy, compared to 17-35 mature spermatids/tubule in
men with normal spermatogenesis and obstructive azoospermia. These findings
were the same for all types of testicular failure whether Sertoli cell
only, maturation arrest, cryptorchidism, or post-chemotherapy azoospermia.
Twenty-two of 26 men with mature spermatids found in the prior testis
biopsy had successful retrieval of spermatozoa for ICSI, 12 of their
partners became pregnant, and are either ongoing or delivered. The study
suggests that 4-6 mature spermatids/tubule must be present in the testis
biopsy for any spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. More than half of
azoospermic patients with germinal failure have minute foci of
spermatogenesis which are insufficient to produce spermatozoa in the
ejaculate. Prior diagnostic testicle biopsy analysed quantitatively (for
the presence of mature spermatids) can predict subsequent success or
failure with TESE-ICSI. Incomplete testicular failure may involve a sparse
multi-focal distribution of spermatogenesis throughout the entire testicle,
rather than a regional distribution. Therefore, it is possible that massive
testicular sampling from many different regions of the testes may not be
necessary for successful TESE-ICSI.
相似文献
47.
β-Lactoglobulin was isolated from infant formulae that were ultra high temperature (UHT) -treated, sterilized or spray-dried. The effect of the isolated β-lactoglobulin on SfaII-fimbriae-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to human ileostomy glycoproteins was studied in vitro. β-Lactoglobulin isolated from sterilized formulae was found to perform significantly less well than preparations from spray-dried formulae (p = 0:05). Great heterogeneity was observed in the adhesion inhibitory capacity of β-lactoglobulin isolated from UHT-treated formulae. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between UHT-treated and sterilized formulae or spray-dried formulae (p < 0:10). It can be hypothesized that β-lactoglobulin from spray-dried and some UHT-treated infant formulae may affect the colonization of mucous membranes by E. coli strains causing neonatal septicaemia and meningitis. 相似文献
48.
The influence of aging on the ability of ethanol to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated catecholamine overflow in rat brain was examined. Alcohol effects on N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulated [3H]norepinephrine or [3H]dopamine overflow from the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of aged (24-28 months) middle aged (12-14 months), and young (3-5 months) rats were examined. N-methyl-D-aspartate (500 microM) stimulated catecholamine overflow in all brain regions, with aged rats showing declines in overflow of 33% in the hippocampus and 41% in the striatum. Alcohol (30-200 mM) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of overflow at all ages and brain regions tested. The IC50 for alcohol inhibition of NMDA-stimulated catecholamine release was not significantly different in aged brain or across brain regions. These results indicate that alcohol's ability to inhibit NMDA-stimulated catecholamine release is not significantly altered with aging. 相似文献
49.
50.