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71.
Christensen DD Laitinen LV Schmidt LJ Hariz MI 《Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery》2002,79(3-4):234-244
The objective of this case report was to assess the effect of anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 2 patients beyond extremes of age ranges of published radiofrequency capsulotomy. The youngest patient developed OCD at age 10 with increasing symptoms of tension and worry. The symptoms were refractory to medications and behavioral therapy. He underwent anterior capsulotomy at age 18. The older patient was 64 at the time of surgery. His OCD began about age 17 with checking and counting rituals. His obsessions extended into other areas such as fear of injuring people while driving. His work performance was greatly compromised. Despite medication trials his rituals and obsessions intensified. After 47 years of severe symptoms he underwent surgery. The youngest patient returned to high school full-time and graduated. He was able to read and comprehend without obsessing about the meaning of words. His thinking and behavior became symptom free and he married 4.5 years after surgery. His score on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) after surgery on no medication is zero. The older patient improved gradually without medication. He could play with and touch his grandchildren for the first time. He could drive a car again and his Y-BOCS dropped from 30 preoperatively to 8. Twenty-four months after surgery he is essentially free of obsessions, compulsions and anxiety. We conclude that treatment-refractory OCD may be alleviated by anterior radiofrequency capsulotomy in the young and the old patient. This study expands the documented age range of response from 18 to 64. 相似文献
72.
Pentti Kärkölä Erkki Saarela Seppo Tuononen Risto Pokela Lauri Nuutinen Matti I. Kairaluoma Teuvo K.I. Larmi 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》1978,25(5):407-412
Coronary vascular resistance was investigated in 10 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement using continuous constant-pressure coronary perfusion at 32 degrees C. After coronary flow was initiated, resistance was low but increased steadily until it reached a certain resting level. The plateau was attained faster after a short period of anoxia than after a longer period. The initial postischemic resistance was dependent on the duration preceding anoxia, being of the same magnitude after short and moderate periods of anoxia but significantly higher after a long period. This resistance difference between the groups lasted for the whole perfusion. The total coronary resistance and flow reached a plateau in 30 minutes, while resistance increased threefold but flow decreased to half of the initial postanoxia flow. Our results indicate the importance of initiating coronary perfusion soon after aortic cross-clamping to avoid increase in the initial vascular resistance and subsequent inadequate myocardial flow. 相似文献
73.
74.
Ahtiainen P Rulli SB Shariatmadari R Pelliniemi LJ Toppari J Poutanen M Huhtaniemi IT 《Oncogene》2005,24(49):7301-7309
We have previously demonstrated that male transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG+) develop reproductive organ defects, but no tumors, in adult age. In this study, the effects of persistently elevated hCG were followed in TG males between day 5 postpartum and adulthood. Leydig cell (LC) adenomas were found in prepubertal mice, most prominently at the age of 10 days, but not in adult age. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly increased in TG males at all ages studied. The phenotype of the prepubertal hCG+ males resembled that found in boys upon expression of constitutively activating luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor mutations. The temporal expression patterns of the fetal LC marker gene, thrombospondin 2, and those of adult LCs, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-6, delta5-3-beta and prostaglandin D synthase, were similar in wild-type and hCG+ males. Hence, the postnatal adenomas resemble functionally fetal LCs, and only these cells are susceptible to hCG-induced tumorigenesis. Our findings demonstrate a novel intriguing difference between the fetal and adult LC populations and provide further insight into the potential tumorigenic effects of gonadotropins. 相似文献
75.
Peter?Calabrese Jukka-Pekka?Mecklin Heikki?J?J?rvinen Lauri?A?Aaltonen Simon?Tavaré Darryl?ShibataEmail author 《BMC cancer》2005,5(1):126
Background
The numbers of oncogenic mutations required for transformation are uncertain but may be inferred from how cancer frequencies increase with aging. Cancers requiring more mutations will tend to appear later in life. This type of approach may be confounded by biologic heterogeneity because different cancer subtypes may require different numbers of mutations. For example, a sporadic cancer should require at least one more somatic mutation relative to its hereditary counterpart. 相似文献76.
Recombinant human growth hormone treatment after liver transplantation in childhood: the 5-year outcome 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: Because the results of short-term recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in children with growth impairment after liver transplantation (LTx) have been promising, we have studied the long-term effects of rhGH on growth and graft function after LTx. METHODS: Indications for rhGH treatment were height standard deviation score (hSDS) below -2.0 or growth velocity SDS below 0 and LTx at least 18 months before inclusion. Eight growth-retarded children were treated with rhGH for more than 5 years. RESULTS: During the first year, median growth rate improved from 3.3 to 7.0 cm/year. In the second and third year, growth velocity remained high at 6.6 cm/year and 6.2 cm/year, respectively (P=0.008). In the fourth year, median growth velocity started to decline but still remained above baseline during the fifth year of treatment (4.2 cm/year). The median hSDS improved from -3.6 to -2.7. During the rhGH treatment, no acute rejection episodes were detected, and graft function remained stable in all except one patient. She was diagnosed with chronic rejection in the third year of rhGH treatment. The patient had elevated liver enzymes and abnormal liver function tests already before rhGH treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of rhGH treatment is sustained after the first year in liver-transplant children with non-GH-deficient growth retardation. Because of a potential risk of side effects, close monitoring of these patients is required. 相似文献
77.
In kidney transplantation, pretransplant serum sCD30 testing has been proposed in immunological risk estimation together with anti-HLA antibodies. We evaluated the risks associated with high pretransplant serum sCD30 in well HLA-matched cadaveric kidney recipients recruited in a clinical study comparing different immunosuppressive regimens. Rejection rate was similar in 37 recipients with high pretransplant serum sCD30 compared to 117 recipients with low serum sCD30 (16% vs. 15%, P=NS). Compared to pretransplant levels, the posttransplant sCD30 levels generally decreased, also in patients with rejection, although on day 21 posttransplant, rejecting patients had significantly higher relative sCD30 than nonrejecting patients (P<0.01). However, steroid-resistant rejection was associated with increasing posttransplant sCD30 levels. High pretransplant sCD30 values were associated with tubulointerstitial rejection. There was no correlation of sCD30 with delayed graft function. Good HLA matching seems to be effective in neutralizing the negative effect of a high pretransplant serum sCD30. 相似文献
78.
Ilkka?KoskivuoEmail author Erkki?Suominen Juha?Niinikoski Lauri?Talve 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2005,390(5):403-407
Background and aims Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been widely accepted as a precise tool to stage melanoma. In thin T1 melanomas (1 mm), the indication of SLNB is controversial since the risk of nodal metastasis is low. The aim of this study was to assess if SLNB detects occult nodal metastases among patients with thin melanomas.Patients and methods SLNB was performed prospectively in 135 patients with invasive melanoma in any depth category, including 56 T1 melanomas.Results Nodal metastases were detected in 18% by SLNB, and there were three sentinel-positive thin melanomas, constituting 5% of the T1 cases. Histopathologically, there were no factors of the primary tumors that would have predicted these metastases.Conclusion SLNB is a precise method to detect clinically silent nodal metastases in thin invasive melanoma. Certain histopathologic features of a thin primary lesion may correlate with the predictive probability of the sentinel node status. We were unable to identify these predictors, but the conclusions from this study are limited by the small sample size. Advanced melanoma is a lethal disease, and accurate staging is essential also in the T1 group. For stage III patients with occult nodal metastases, metastasectomy is a better option for cure than observation. 相似文献
79.
Reamer LE 《Best Practice & Research: Clinical Anaesthesiology》2005,19(1):137-152
Education in anesthesiology offers a variety of unique forums. Examples include focused teaching in the operating room, bedside teaching in critical care settings, and simulations. Many approaches are used by educators with a wide range of effectiveness. Each training program creates its own combination of educational techniques designed to meet national standards. In addition, new and innovative curriculum, teaching skills and evaluative tools develop among individual teachers and within each program. Everyone benefits from cultivating and sharing educational techniques and assessment methods. Educators grow in their ability and effectiveness to teach through awareness and subsequent application of new skills. Developing effective teachers maintains quality in training, promotes interest and enthusiasm for academia, and provides role models for learners. Evidence-based approaches to education are increasing in anesthesiology. This chapter will discuss skills, techniques, and evaluative tools from the literature that illustrate evidence-based effectiveness and applications to anesthesiology. 相似文献
80.