生脉注射液在气管插管后血压降低中的运用

生脉注射液具有益气养阴、复脉固脱之功效,广泛用于严重感染、血容量不足引起的血压降低.在气管插管后血压降低时,应用生脉注射液也取得了较好的临床疗效.本文对气管插管后血压降低应用生脉注射液的用法用量、注意事项等进行了归纳.     

普济宣肺消毒饮治疗急性支气管炎化痰作用临床观察

目的 观察普济宣肺消毒饮对急性支气管炎化痰作用.方法 用随机、对照、前瞻性研究方法,将87例急性支气管炎（表寒里热证）患者随机分为治疗组44例和对照组43例,治疗组服用普济宣肺消毒饮,对照组用急支糖浆治疗,观察对咯痰的影响,疗程为7d.结果 治疗组对咯痰、发热、头痛、恶风等症状有明显治疗作用,治疗后咯痰疗效和评分低于对照组,化痰疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 普济宣肺消毒饮有一定的化痰作用.     

7,7'-Dimethoxyagastisflavone-induced apoptotic or autophagic cell death in different cancer cells

7,7'-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from the needles of Taxus × media cv. Hicksii, was evaluated for its antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects in three human cancer cell lines. Interestingly, DMGF caused cell death via different pathways in different cancer cells. DMGF induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3 activity and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. However, the apoptotic pathway is not the major pathway involved in DMGF-induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Treatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, significantly decreased DMGF-induced cell death in HepG2 and A549 cells, but did not affect DMGF-induced cell death in HT-29 cells. Following DMGF treatment, the HepG2 cells increased expression of LC3B-II, a marker used to monitor autophagy in cells. Thus, DMGF induced apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells, triggered both apoptotic and autophagic death in A549 cells and induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 cells.     

帕洛诺司琼与其他5-HT3受体拮抗剂预防化疗诱发恶心、呕吐等反应的疗效比较

目的:考察帕洛诺司琼与其他5-HT3受体拮抗剂预防化疗诱发恶心、呕吐等系列胃肠道反应的疗效。方法:将54例经病理学检查确诊为恶性肿瘤、且行化疗患者分成治疗组及对照组,治疗组在患者第一天行化疗前30min给予静脉注射盐酸帕洛诺司琼0.25mg,对照组在患者每天行化疗前30min给予静脉注射盐酸恩丹西酮8mg或盐酸格拉司琼3mg。根据WHO消化道反应分级标准,观察0度(无恶心)、I度(轻度)、II度(中度)、III～IV度恶心及呕吐的发生率。结果:治疗组未出现III度以上恶心呕吐,少数出现I～II度恶心呕吐;对照组少数出现III度以上恶心呕吐。结论:盐酸帕洛诺司琼可明显减轻恶性肿瘤患者化疗引起的恶心、呕吐等胃肠道不良反应[1],提高患者对化疗药物的耐受性及依从性,利于整个化疗过程的顺利完成,提高治疗质量。     

Inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on hyperhomocysteinemia-induced intimal thickening in rabbit abdominal aorta after balloon injury

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) is associated with the risk of atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. The objective of this study was to investigate whether GBE could attenuate the Hhcy-induced intimal thickening after balloon injury in rabbit abdominal aorta. It was observed in this study that GBE could decrease the neointima area (NA) and the ratio of the neointima area to the media area (NA/MA), down-regulate the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and up-regulate the protein expression of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) (p21). It suggests that GBE can reverse the Hhcy-induced neointima formation in rabbits following balloon injury, and the suppressive effect of GBE on the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may contribute to its actions.     

Hippo pathway monomerizes STAT3 to regulate prostate cancer growth

Prostate cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies for men and has become a non‐negligible threat for public health. Interplay between inflammatory factors and cancer cells renders inflammatory tissue environment as a predisposing condition for cancer development. The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling pathway across multiple species during evolution that regulates tissue homeostasis and organ development. Nevertheless, whether Hippo pathway regulates cancer‐related inflammatory factors remains elusive. Here, we show that high cell density–mediated activation of the Hippo pathway blunts STAT3 activity in prostate cancer cells. Hippo pathway component MST2 kinase phosphorylates STAT3 at T622, which is located in the SH2 domain of STAT3. This phosphorylation blocks the SH2 domain in one STAT3 molecule to bind with the phosphorylated Y705 site in another STAT3 molecule, which further counteracts IL6‐induced STAT3 dimerization and activation. Expression of a nonphosphorylatable STAT3 T622A mutant enhances STAT3 activity and IL6 expression at high cell density and promotes tumor growth in a mice xenograft model. Our findings demonstrate that STAT3 is a novel phosphorylation substrate for MST2 and thereby highlight a regulatory cascade underlying the crosstalk between inflammation and the Hippo pathway in prostate cancer cells.     

Emerging trends in sacubitril/valsartan research: A bibliometric analysis of the years 1995–2021

Background:Sacubitril/valsartan has been approved for the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction; since then, it gradually became a new star drug in the therapy of HF. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan remains under investigation. Thus far, only a few bibliometric studies have systematically analyzed the application of sacubitril/valsartan.Methods:Publications on sacubitril/valsartan were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on April 29, 2021. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 (Redmond, WA), VOS viewer (Redmond, WA), and Cite Space V (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA).Results:A total of 1309 publications on sacubitril/valsartan published from 1995 to 2021 were retrieved. The number of publications regarding sacubitril/valsartan increased sharply in the last 6 years (2015–2021), and American scholars authored >40% of those publications. Most were published in the European Journal of Heart Failure, the United States was the bellwether with a solid academic reputation in this area. Solomon published the highest number of related articles and was the most frequently cited author. “Heart failure” was the leading research hotspot. The keywords, “inflammation,” “fibrosis,” and “oxidative stress” appeared most recently as research fronts.Conclusions:Research attention should be focused on clinical trial outcomes. Considering its effectiveness in HF, the mechanisms and further applications of sacubitril/valsartan may become research hotspots in the future and should be closely examined.     

The treatment of Pseudomonas keratoscleritis after pterygium excision.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of intensive topical and intravenous antibiotics plus oral prednisolone and surgical debridement in Pseudomonas keratoscleritis after pterygium excision. METHODS: We describe three cases of P. aeruginosa-induced keratoscleritis occurring 10 days to 18 months after uncomplicated pterygium excision. Treatment included early conjunctival debridement, topical and intravenous antibiotics, and low-dosage oral prednisolone. RESULTS: All three patients responded to the combined therapy. Microorganisms were eliminated, and ulcers were healed within 8 weeks. Treatment was not extended beyond that, and infection did not recur. No evisceration was required. The patients' best corrected visual acuities are 20/200, 20/400, and 20/120, respectively. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and prompt, intensive medical and surgical treatment may save a patient's vision and forestall evisceration.     

Time trend of substance use among adolescent students in Taiwan, 1991-1996.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and time trend of cigarette, alcohol, and illicit substance use among adolescent students in Taiwan, from 1991 through 1996. Subjects were selected through a two-stage random-sampling procedure. In the first stage, the strata were based on the type of school: middle school (13-15 years), high school (16-18), vocational school (16-18), and junior college (first 3 years only, 16-18). In the second stage, the strata were based on grade: one class each for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades were randomly selected from each type of school. Students were guaranteed anonymity before the questionnaire was administered. About 12,000 students from 100 schools participated each year in 1991 and 1994-1996. In 1993, 8,320 students from 65 schools participated. The prevalence of smoking and drinking decreased between 1991 and 1994, and then increased between 1994 and 1996. In 1996, the prevalence of illicit substance use was 15.4% for smoking, 16.7% for drinking, and 1.5% for illicit substance use. The rate of illicit substance use was lowest among high school students, followed by middle school students, and higher among students in vocational schools and junior colleges. The percentage of smokers and drinkers who had started early (at age 12 or earlier) rose every year. The prevalence of smoking and drinking habits among girls increased consistently during the study period. The most commonly abused substance was amphetamine. However, in 1996, sniffing glue became more prominent among middle school students, and flunitrazepam became the second most commonly abused substance among high school students.     

A comparative study of a digital radiography system

The present study aimed to examine the efficiency of a new digital radiography system that was installed in the Royal Adelaide Hospital in September 1997, as compared to the existing conventional radiography system. A total of 55 examinations were observed over a 3-week period in January, and these consisted of 18 digital and 10 conventional chest examinations, and 27 conventional orthopaedic examinations. These were combined with 18 digital orthopaedic examinations recorded from a prior study. Total examination time was broken into several components, of which reporting time was of the most interest. The mean reporting times for digital and conventional chest examinations were 17 and 25 min, respectively, a significant (P < 0.1) 8-min difference. The orthopaedic examinations revealed mean reporting times of 8 and 26 min for digital and conventional systems, respectively; a significant (P < 0.001) 18-min difference. These results demonstrate that the digital system is a faster, more efficient system for the reporting of X-rays.