品管圈活动在喜疗妥联合新鲜马铃薯外敷治疗小儿输液外渗中的应用效果分析

目的探讨品管圈活动在喜疗妥联合新鲜马铃薯外敷治疗小儿输液外渗中的应用效果。方法选取我院2016年8月至2018年12月收治的输液外渗患儿100例,随机分为两组各50例。对照组给予50%硫酸镁湿敷治疗与常规护理,干预组采用喜疗妥联合新鲜马铃薯外敷,进行品管圈活动。对比两组的临床疗效、损伤痊愈时间和完全消肿时间。结果干预组的总有效率为90.00%,高于对照组的74.00%(P <0.05)。干预组的损伤痊愈时间和完全消肿时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。结论品管圈活动在喜疗妥联合新鲜马铃薯外敷治疗小儿输液外渗中的效果较好,可缩短临床症状消失时间,加快康复进程。     

同型半胱氨酸与绝经后女性颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 研究同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)是否为绝经后女性颈动脉粥样硬化的独立风险因素。 方法 对2017年12月—2018年12月北京协和医院健康体检的1 204名55岁以上绝经后女性,进行Hcy检测和颈动脉超声检查。使用多变量logistic回归方法分析Hcy及其他传统风险因素对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。 结果 Hcy平均值(12.4±3.3)μmol/L,高Hcy血症176人(14.62%)。Hcy与年龄和BMI正相关(分别r=0.19,P<0.001;r=0.11, P<0.001)。颈动脉粥样硬化患者的Hcy显著升高(Z=-2.56,P=0.011)。logistic回归显示,对于颈动脉粥样硬化只有年龄(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.09~1.14)和收缩压(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.02)是独立风险因素;对颈动脉斑块形成年龄(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.08~1.12)、收缩压(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.07~1.50)和高血压病史(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06~1.87)是独立危险因素。 结论 在绝经后女性,Hcy不是动脉粥样硬化发生的独立风险因素,筛查高Hcy血症在预防该人群颈动脉粥样硬化的意义仍需进一步证明。     

柯氏模型在重症医学科护理规培生身体约束培训中的应用

目的 探讨应用柯氏评估模型评价重症医学科护理规培生对身体约束培训的效果.方法 选取符合纳入和排除标准的57例重症医学科护理规培生,采用前后对照,2018年1月—6月的重症医学科护理规培生为对照组,28例;2018年7月—12月的重症医学科护理规培生为观察组,29例.对照组采用身体约束常规临床经验培训教育和管理,观察组采用规范化培训身体约束和管理.采用柯氏评估模型,对从反应层面、学习层面、行为层面3个方面进行效果评估,评估时间为干预前、干预第1个月、干预第2个月.结果 观察组对培训满意度、对身体约束知识掌握、对身体约束实施情况,与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对重症医学科护理规培生采用规范化培训身体约束及管理,不仅能提高护理规培生对培训的满意度,还能随着时间的推移,加固对身体约束培训知识的掌握,改善对患者身体约束的情况.     

TQA数据趋势与TomoTherapy输出稳定性的联系

目的:探讨TomoTherapy QualityAssurance（TQA）数据趋势与螺旋断层放疗（Helical Tomotherapy，HT）系统输出的 联系。方法:回顾性分析了本院HT系统近3年内TQA各个模块的参数和数据趋势，探讨其与HT系统的静态输出剂量和 输出能量（D20/D10）变化的相关性。结果:楔形阶梯静态模块的z轴偏移参数与HT的静态输出剂量的相关性最强（r=0.883, P<0.01）。基本剂量测定模块的出口检测器平整度值对能量变化最敏感（r=0.902），其次是楔形阶梯静态模块的能量差异 （r=0.897）和楔形阶梯螺旋模块的能量差异（r=0.852），灵敏度分别为2.3×10-4、3.1×10-4和5.7×10-4。结论:TQA有助于用户 追踪HT输出剂量和能量变化，及早进行必要的机器维护或剂量校准。     

In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent

Patients with mechanic ankle instability experience increased tibiotalar and subtalar joint laxity. However, in vivo joint kinematics in functional ankle instability (FAI) patients and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, especially during dynamic activities, are poorly understood. Ten FAI patients, 10 LAS copers, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. A dual fluoroscopic imaging system was used to analyze the tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during stair descent. Five key poses of stair descent were analyzed. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint positions in each degree of freedom were compared among the three groups. The tibiotalar joints of FAI patients and LAS copers were significantly more inverted than those of healthy controls during the foot strike (p = 0.016, = 0.264). The subtalar joints of FAI patients were significantly more anteriorly translated (pose 2, p = 0.003, = 0.352; pose 3, p < 0.001, = 0.454; pose 4, p = 0.004, = 0.334), inverted (pose 4, p = 0.027, = 0.234; pose 5,p = 0.034, = 0.221), and externally rotated (pose 4, p = 0.037, = 0.217; pose 5; p = 0.004, = 0.331) than those of healthy controls during the mid‐stance and the heel off. The FAI patients showed excessive tibiotalar inversion and subtalar joint hypermobility during stair descent. Meanwhile, the LAS copers maintained subtalar joint stability, and only showed excessive tibiotalar inversion in foot strike. These data provide insight into the mechanisms behind the development of FAI after initial LAS. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1860–1867, 2019     

生物型与骨水泥型假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 比较生物型与骨水泥型假体全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折(DFNF)的临床疗效.方法 前瞻性纳入2015年7月—2018年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院骨科收治的老年DFNF患者128例,男性71例,女性57例;年龄61～84岁,平均72.7岁.骨折原因:跌伤75例,撞伤32例,高处坠落伤21例.依据随机数字表法分为生物型假体THA组(BPTHA组,n=64)与骨水泥型假体THA组(CPTHA组,n=64).BPTHA组行生物型假体髋关节置换,CPTHA组行骨水泥型假体髋关节置换.观察两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量等围术期指标及住院时间.比较术前及术后6、12个月髋关节功能(Harris),血清前列腺素缓激肽(BK)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)等疼痛因子水平及视觉模拟评分(VAS),血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)等炎性反应指标水平;分析术后并发症发生情况.结果 两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);BPTHA组住院时间长于CPTHA组[(19.76±2.24)d vs.(15.37±1.71)d,P<0.05].术后6个月,BPTHA组Harris评分低于CPTHA组[(81.72±8.37)分vs.(86.68±8.85)分,P<0.05];术后12个月,BPTHA组Harris评分高于CPTHA组[(95.54±9.67)分vs.(90.72±9.12)分,P<0.05].术后6个月,BPTHA组血清BK、5-HT、SAA、CRP、ESR水平及VAS均高于CPTHA组(P<0.05);术后12个月,BPTHA组血清BK、5-HT、SAA、CRP、ESR水平及VAS均低于CPTHA组(P<0.05).BPTHA组并发症发生率为3.13％,CPTHA组并发症发生率为4.69％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 BPTHA、CPTHA均可应用于老年DFNF的临床治疗,但CPTHA近期疗效优于BPTHA,而BPTHA远期疗效优于CPTHA.     

Effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer: A protocol of randomized controlled trial

Background:Gastrointestinal complications and malnutrition are common problems that affect postoperative rehabilitation and survival of patients with esophageal cancer. Evidence has shown that probiotics have a positive effect on improving gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, but there is a lack of prospective studies on this topic. We designed this prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status in patients with postoperative esophageal cancer.Methods:This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of our hospital. 192 patients will be randomly divided into probiotics group and the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. After operation, probiotics and placebo will be given orally for 8 weeks. The indexes of nutritional status and incidence of digestive tract complications will be recorded and the data will be analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.Discussion:This study will evaluate the effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. The results of this study will provide clinical basis for the use of probiotics in postoperative treatment of esophageal cancer.Trial registration:OSF Registration number: D DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QHW86