uPA、uPAR、nm23-H1在大肠癌中的表达及其与肿瘤侵袭和转移的关系

 目的探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂受体(uPAR)和nm23H1基因蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其与肿瘤侵袭和淋巴结转移的关系。方法应用免疫组化SABC法,对121例大肠癌手术根治标本进行uPA、uPAR和nm23H1基因蛋白测定。结果uPA、uPAR和nm23H1阳性表达率分别为62%、74%和48%。uPA和uPAR高表达与大肠癌侵袭和淋巴结转移关系密切(P<0.05)。nm23H1基因蛋白的低表达与大肠癌分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05)。大肠癌中uPA和nm23H1蛋白表达呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论uPA、uPAR和nm23H1基因蛋白表达与大肠癌侵袭和转移有显著相关性;同时检测uPA和nm23H1表达状况,可作为预测大肠癌淋巴结转移及预后的有用指标。     

乳腺癌ER、c-erbB2、P21、PCNA表达及其意义

[目的]探讨ER、c-erbB2、p21、PCNA在乳腺癌的表达及其临床意义.[方法]应用免疫组化SP法,检测300例乳腺癌ER、c-erbB2、p21、PCNA表达.[结果]ER、c-erbB2、p21、PCNA在乳腺癌的阳性表达率分别为57.5%、47.3%、56%、663%;c-erbB2、p21、PCNA的表达随着组织分级升高而增强,ER的表达随着组织分级升高而降低;ER表达与生存期亦未见明确的关系,而c-erbB2、p21、PCNA阳性表达率与生存期呈负相关关系.[结论]ER、c-erbB2、p21、PCNA是判断乳腺癌分化程度、预后有价值的指标.     

成人隐睾内胚窦瘤3例报道及文献复习

目的 报道3例成人隐睾内胚窦瘤并进行文献复习。方法 对此病的临床病理学特征进行详细分析，结果 内胚窦瘤病人的血清AFP高于正常，组织结构以疏松网状结构、嗜酸性透明小体、腺泡状和腺管状结构、S—D小体最为常见，免疫绀化AFP、CK、Vimentin均为阳性，AAT两例阳性，CEA、hCG三例均阴性。结论 检测血清中AFP对内胚窦瘤的早期诊断、监测肿瘤是否复发转移有重要价值，确诊主要依靠病理诊断。     

肝癌介入治疗和三维适形放疗的临床I／Ⅱ期试验

目的：探讨利用介入治疗和3—DCRT对肝癌进行综合治疗的疗效。方法：建立肝癌的三维适形放疗(3—DCRT)技术，对有病理组织学或细胞学证实的原发性肝癌或单发的转移性肝癌患者进行3—DCRT临床I／Ⅱ期试验，观察其毒、副反应和近期疗效。计划常规分割照射总剂量50Gy至58Gy。3—DCRT之前所有患者进行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)介入治疗。治疗计划中≥90％的等剂量面包绕PTV(planning target volume)，平均肝脏剂量均小于30Gy，V30Gy(接受≥30Gy剂量照射的正常肝百分体积)均小于33％。结果：30例肝癌患者包括21例原发性肝癌入组研究。部分缓解(PR)24例，一年生存率76％，中位生存时间8个月。肝脏急性不良反应反应1级2例，肝脏急性不良反应反应≥2级0例。治疗后随访至今无严重放射性肝损伤发生。结论：系统建立可靠、安全的肝癌的3-DCRT技术，在平均肝脏剂量≤30Gy且接受≥30Gy剂量照射的正常肝百分体积均小于33％的剂量学条件下，常规分割照射剂量58Gy以上是可行的。     

恶性肿瘤放疗加超声热疗的近期疗效

目的 :研究放疗结合超声热疗治疗恶性肿瘤的疗效及毒副反应。方法 :1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 1月间4 1例经病理证实的局部晚期、复发 /转移或对放射敏感性差的表浅性恶性肿瘤患者接受放疗加超声热疗 ,放疗均采用外照射 ,平均剂量 (6 1± 12 )Gy ,热疗于放疗结束后 30分钟内进行 ,1～ 2次 /周 ,平均加热时间为 (5 2 .4± 6 )分钟 ,平均加热 (4.9± 2 .2 )次。采用方差分析肿瘤消退率与热疗参数的关系 ;Kaplan Meier、Cox回归分析三年局部控制率、生存率和预后因素的影响。结果 :CR、PR、NC间的Tmin、Tmax值差异具有统计学意义。全组肿瘤局部CR为 5 8.5 % ,三年局控率、生存率分别为 13.6 %和 32 .6 9%。Tmin、肿瘤体积、放射剂量对三年局控率有显著性影响 (P <0 .0 5 )。超声热疗配合放疗毒副反应较轻。结论 :Tave、Tmax、Tmin、Tmax等参数可用于反映、评价热疗效果 ,放疗结合超声热疗为治疗晚期表浅性恶性肿瘤的有效方法 ,毒性小 ,值得进一步研究。     

人外周血树突状细胞诱导及免疫学特性研究

[目的]从人外周血分离、纯化、扩增树突状细胞(DC),并对其形态学和免疫学特性进行初步探讨.[方法]从人外周血分离DC前体细胞(主要为CD14 细胞)用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)和重组人白细胞介素-4(rhIL-4)联合培养,诱导扩增成熟DC.观察DC形态、分析DC表型、核型及检测DC激发同种异体淋巴细胞增殖能力.[结果]分离的DC前体经rhGM-CSF和rhIL-4共同培养1周后,可获得大量成熟DC,扩增了24.5倍,纯度达90%以上.DC高表达分化抗原CD86、CD40、HLA-DR、CD83、CDIa,能强烈激活同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖.[结论]人外周血CD14 细胞经体外诱导培养,可以生成大量功能成熟的DC,从而为进一步开展DC的基础研究和临床应用打下基础.     

Survivin在非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的表达及其意义

 目的　探讨Survivin在NHL中的表达及其与肿瘤细胞凋亡的关系。方法　应用TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记 (TUNEL)技术和免疫组织化学方法 ,检测 82例NHL和 17例良性淋巴结病变中细胞凋亡和Survivin蛋白的表达水平。结果　Survivin在NHL中的表达为 4 0 .2 % (33/ 82 ) ,在良性淋巴结病变中为 11.8% (2 / 17) ,二者差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。中度和高度侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤中Survivin基因的表达高于惰性淋巴瘤 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与T细胞淋巴瘤的侵袭性无关 (P >0 .1)。Survivin基因的表达与侵袭性NHL的凋亡指数的下降明显相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　Survivin的表达可能通过抑制细胞凋亡在NHL的发生发展中发挥了一定的作用。     

肺部球形病灶CT、MRI和PET的综合性研究

 目的　研究CT、MRI、PET在肺部球形病灶中的综合诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析 6 5例有CT、MRI、PET资料并经病理证实的肺部球形病灶。结果　分析CT、MRI及PET三者敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值 ,并进行比较 ,发现其敏感性和特异性均无显著性差异 (P值分别为0 .377和 0 .7)。通过CT、MRI、PET的互补 ,在 4 4例肺癌中 ,仅 1例误诊 ,2 1例良性病变中 ,诊断正确的有 19例 ,其敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 97.7%、90 .5 %、95 .4 %、95 .6 %和95 %。结论　多种手段的综合利用 ,有助于提高肺部球形病灶的诊断正确率。     

High expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mRNA is associated with unmutated IGVH gene status and unfavourable cytogenetic aberrations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is essential for somatic hypermutation of B-cells. We investigated the expression of AID mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 80 patients with B-CLL. AID expression was detected in 45 of 80 patients (56%) at various levels, but was undetectable in 35 patients (44%). AID PCR positivity was associated with unmutated IGV(H) gene status (22 of 25 patients; P=0.002) and unfavourable cytogenetics (18 of 23 patients with deletion in 11q or loss of p53; P=0.040). Using a threshold level of 0.01-fold expression compared to Ramos control cells, even more significant associations were observed (P=0.001 for IGVH; P=0.002 for cytogenetics). A correlation was observed between individual AID levels and the percentage of V(H) homology (R=0.41; P=0.001). AID positivity predicted unmutated IGV(H) status with an odds ratio of 8.31 (P=0.003) and poor risk cytogenetics with an odds ratio of 3.46 (P=0.032). Significance was retained after adjustment for Binet or Rai stages. AID mRNA levels were stable over time. These data suggest a potential role of AID as a prognostic marker in B-CLL.     

Factors predicting the long-term success of maintenance cyclosporine monotherapy after kidney transplantation

BACKGROUND: The theoretical aim of maintenance cyclosporine monotherapy (mCsA) after kidney transplantation is to reduce the incidence of the metabolic complications of corticosteroids and to minimize the adverse effects of excessive long-term immunosuppression. This study was performed in low-immunological-risk cadaveric kidney transplant recipients to evaluate the risks and benefits of mCsA and the long-term graft survival, and to determine the factors predicting success of this policy. METHODS: The multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 329 Caucasian patients receiving mCsA out of 728 first cadaveric kidney transplant recipients. The inclusion criteria were: HLA antibodies < or =25%, serum creatinine <200 micromol/L, and no rejection or only one rejection episode. At the end of the study, we compared the group of patients successfully treated with mCsA (successful group) with those requiring additional immunosuppressive agents (unsuccessful mCsA group). RESULTS: Overall patient and graft survival rates for the 728 first cadaveric graft were 92% and 64%, respectively, at 8 years. Out of 329 patients enrolled in mCsA, 240 were maintained on this treatment and 89 were withdrawn (3 deaths, 18 graft losses, 68 functional grafts). The 8-year graft survival in the 329 enrolled mCsA patients was 84%, 95% in the successful mCsA group, and 70% in the unsuccessful mCsA group. Multivariate analysis showed that the factors predicting success of mCsA were: donor age <40 years (P = 0.001), serum creatinine at mCsA initiation <125 micromol/L (P = 0.02), no rejection episode before mCsA initiation (P = 0.005), and glomerulopathy as the primary renal disease (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Numerous kidney transplant recipients with a low immunological risk and good and stable renal function may benefit from discontinuation of prednisone and azathioprine in order to reduce the complications related to these drugs. This therapeutic approach had no adverse impact on the overall long-term graft survival for "low risk" and successful patients.