腹腔镜下十二指肠吻合术治疗新生儿十二指肠梗阻

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and indication of laparoscopie duodenoduoden-ostorny for neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction- Methods From May 2004 to Feburary 2008,6 newborns with duodenal obstruction underwent exploratory laparoscopy. With a lower-pressure pneumoperitoneum of 5～8 mmHg and a suspending suture for right liver elevator, the procedure was performed using 3 cannulas of 3.3 mm to 5.5 mm diameter. Under the laparoscopic vision, the cause of duodenal obstruction was diagnosed and a sutured anastomosis was performed after the duodenum mo-bilized. Results Findings at laparoscopy included duodenal diaphragm in 3 cases,annular pancreas in 2 cases, and preduodenal portal vein in 1 case. Three cases with duodenal diaphragmatic stenosis were en-countered a partial excision of the diaphragm after vertical incision of the anterior part of duodenum followed laparoscopically by a transverse suture. A diamond-shaped side-to-side duodenoduodenal anas-tomosis was successfully carried out in 2 cases of annular pancreas through a laparoseopic approach, but a duodenojejunostomy was converted to mini-laparotomy during the laparoscopic course of a predu-odenal portal vein. The average operative time was 102 16.5 min (85～135 min). Visualization was ex-cellent, and there were no intraoperative complications. Feedings were started on postoperative day 3 to 5. All cases were on full feedings after 8 to 10 days. Follow-up upper gastrointestinal tests showed no evidence of stricture or obstruction. Conclusions The duodenoduodenostomy with laparoseopy can be performed in neonates securely and appropriated for a full-term newborn with tolerance CO2 pneumo-peritoneum. It provides an excellent and micro-invasive way to evaluate and treat congenital duodenal obstruction.     

血浆置换术后联合小剂量激素治疗溶血尿毒综合征

目的探讨血浆置换术后联合小剂量激素治疗溶血尿毒综合征(HUS)的疗效。方法回顾性分析近5 a来本院肾内科11例HUS患儿临床资料。男6例,女5例;年龄2～9岁,平均年龄5.2岁。重症10例,轻症1例。其中8例进行血浆置换治疗,每例2、3次,术后应用泼尼松(1.0～1.5 mg.kg-1)或甲泼尼龙(1 mg.kg-1)维持;其中1例联合血液透析治疗,1例联合连续性血液滤过治疗。轻症1例采用大剂量丙种球蛋白(丙球)治疗。1例重症HUS外院进行血液透析1个月余转本院继续血液透析治疗。1例重症HUS外院采用大剂量丙球冲击联合甲泼尼龙治疗后继续甲泼尼龙1 mg.kg-1治疗和肠道透析。结果 19例次血浆置换治疗均顺利实施,无明显并发症;8例血浆置换后联合小剂量激素治疗者中7例肝酶、心肌酶、肾功能恢复正常,尿常规镜下血尿或并轻中度蛋白尿出院,追踪观察2～26个月,复查肾功能均正常,尿蛋白阴性,5例镜下轻微血尿[RBC(9～36)×106L-1],1例感染后轻微镜下血尿,1例尿常规正常。轻症1例出院时尿常规和肾功能均正常,门诊随诊38个月尿常规正常。2例外院治疗的重症HUS患儿转入本科时病程1周～1个月,血小板已恢复正常,Hb无继续下降,尿常规示肉眼血尿和中量蛋白尿,处于肾衰竭期。其中1例血液透析6次,肾功能稍好转、肉眼血尿并中量蛋白尿,放弃治疗出院。1例经肠道透析和口服激素等措施后放弃治疗出院。结论重症HUS患儿宜早期应用血浆置换治疗,血浆置换治疗后联合小剂量激素治疗可改善重症HUS患儿预后,减少后遗症。     

维甲酸对新生大鼠高氧肺损伤的干预作用

目的探讨高氧暴露新生大鼠肺组织结构的变化和连接蛋白Connexin26(Cx26)的表达情况及维甲酸对其影响。方法24只3日龄SD大鼠随机分为3组:高氧暴露维甲酸组(维甲酸组)、高氧暴露安慰组(高氧组)、空气暴露对照组(对照组);采用950mL/L氧体积分数条件下制作新生大鼠高氧肺损伤模型;观察大鼠一般情况,用HE染色法观察肺组织结构变化及辐射状肺泡计数(RAC),免疫组织化学检测Cx26的表达。结果体质量、RAC等方面与空气组相比,高氧组、维甲酸组均有显著差异[(13.53±1.27)、(13.38±1.29)、(17.37±0.89)g,F=30.19P=0;(11.15±1.33)、(12.49±1.47)、(13.94±0.98),F=9.59P=0];Cx26蛋白在空气组表达比较局限,高氧组弥散表达,而维甲酸组更多表达;阳性细胞分别为(13.68±1.28)%、(17.82±1.72)%、(19.69±1.77)%,F=29.36P=0。结论维甲酸对新生大鼠高氧肺损伤具有保护作用,可能与间隙连接蛋白Cx26表达的改变有密切的关系。     

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??Abstracts?? Objective To study the T2* magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of iron deposition of liver?? pancreas and heart in β- thalassemia major ??β-TM?? patients and the relationship of the serum ferritin with iron overload. Methods Measurement of hepatic?? pancreatic and cardiac MRI T2* was performed in 153 patients with β-TM from May 1?? 2010 to December 31?? 2010??The demographics and serum ferritin ??SF?? were collected. The rate of the iron overload in liver?? pancreas and heart was analyzed. The rates of combined pancreatic and cardiac iron overload in different hepatic iron overload groups were compared. Results According to MRI T2*?? there was serious hepatic iron overload in 85 cases?? moderate in 39?? mild in 21?? no iron overload in 8. Similarly?? there was pancreatic iron overload in 134?? no iron overload in 19. In terms of cardiac iron overload?? there was serious cardiac iron overload in 37 cases?? mild in 21?? no iron overload in 95. No correlation was found between hepatic?? pancreatic and cardiac MRI T2* and age or SF?? but hepatic MRI T2* correlated with pancreatic and cardiac MRI T2*??P = 0.000?? r = 0.529?? r = 0.369???? and pancreatic MRI T2* correlated with cardiac MRI T2* well ??P = 0.000?? r = 0.715??. As grade of hepatic iron overload increases?? the patients demonstrated higher rate of combination of pancreatic and cardiac iron overload simultaneously ??χ2 = 20.78??P = 0.000??.     

直立性高血压儿童卧位、立位心电图T波和ST段振幅变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨直立性高血压（OHT）儿童卧位与立位心电图T波和ST段振幅变化及其临床意义。方法 选取确诊为OHT患儿49例为OHT组，同期按年龄与性别匹配43例健康儿童为对照组。测量两组卧位与立位12导联心电图心率、各导联T波和ST段振幅，比较同组卧位和立位T波振幅、ST段振幅，并比较两组卧位、立位T波振幅差和ST段振幅差。结果 对照组aVR、V₁、V₄~V₆导联T波振幅立位较卧位降低（P < 0.05），V₄、V₅导联ST段振幅立位较卧位增加（P < 0.05）。OHT组Ⅱ、aVR、aVF、V₄~V₆导联T波振幅立位较卧位降低（P < 0.05），Ⅱ导联ST段振幅立位较卧位增加（P < 0.05）。OHT组Ⅱ、V₆导联立位、卧位T波振幅差较对照组增大（均P < 0.05）。V₆导联卧位、立位T波振幅差对OHT有诊断价值（P < 0.05），V₆导联T波振幅差最佳截断值为0.105 mV，灵敏度为72.10%，特异度为57.10%。结论 V₆导联卧位、立位T波振幅差对OHT儿童具有一定的诊断价值。     

天麻钩藤饮抑制铁死亡-脂质代谢保护鱼藤酮诱导的PC12细胞损伤

目的:研究天麻钩藤饮(TGY)对鱼藤酮(Rot)诱导的大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞损伤的影响及可能的机制。方法:采用Rot建立和培养PC12细胞神经损伤模型并利用MTT比色法测定细胞存活率,确定Rot的最佳造模浓度以及TGY的有效干预浓度。流式细胞仪检测细胞的脂质活性氧(ROS)水平并用荧光倒置显微镜观察细胞荧光强度的变化;生化试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平和活力变化以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。透射电子显微镜观察细胞线粒体形态变化,蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4),长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶4(ACSL4),溶血卵磷脂酰基转移酶3(LPCAT3)蛋白表达。结果:0.6μmol/L Rot处理细胞24 h后,细胞存活率接近50%(56.7%±9.9%),TGY预处理12 h后可抑制Rot的损伤程度。同时,减少乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的漏出率,并呈现一定的量效关系。Rot处理后的细胞内脂质ROS含量升高,而给予TGY预处理后有效降低Rot损伤的细胞内脂质ROS的含量,降低Rot处理后的MDA水平,并提高SOD活力和GSH水平。通过透射电镜观察到与正常组相比,0.6μmol/L Rot处理后细胞的线粒体皱缩,TGY预保护处理后,PC12细胞的线粒体形态有一定程度的改善。Western blot的结果呈现出TGY预处理后可以在一定程度提高Rot损伤后GPX4的表达,下降ACSL4、LPCAT3的表达。结论:TGY可以上调GPX4蛋白的表达,下调ACSL4、LPCAT3蛋白的表达,抑制不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,降低脂质过氧化水平和ROS的含量,从而改善神经损伤。     

原发性高血压患者血压变异性的临床研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压病(EH)血压变异性(BPV)的临床意义.方法 对45例EH患者和40例健康者(对照组)进行24h动态血压监测(ABPM),以测得的各时间段血压标准差(SD)作为BPV指标.结果 EH组血压变异性明显大于对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ期EH患者血压变异性明显大于Ⅰ期EH患者;EH患者血压变异性随血压水平的增加而逐...     

氟伐他汀和缬沙坦联合治疗改善原发性高血压患者高脂餐后纤溶功能

目的 观察氟伐他汀和缬沙坦联合治疗对原发性高血压患者高脂餐后血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)抗原浓度的即期影响.方法 原发性高血压患者53例随机分成对照组(安慰剂,n=13)、氟伐他汀组(40 mg/d,n=13)、缬沙坦组(80 mg/d,n=14)和联合组(氟伐他汀:40 mg/d 缬沙坦:80 mg/d,n=13)4组治疗1周,禁食12 h后测高脂餐前(空腹,F)、后(4 h,P)的血浆可溶性P选择素、PAI-1和t-PA抗原及血脂浓度.4组分别治疗1周后再重复以上实验1次,并测量4组治疗前、后的血压.结果 高脂餐后血浆三酰甘油(TG)[F:(1.94±0.91)比P:(3.15±1.48)mmol/L]、可溶性P选择素[F:(259.8±124.0)比P:(345.7±138.4)ng/mL]、PAI-1[F:(36.4±13.1)比P:(48.7±18.5)ng/mL]和t-PA抗原[F:(9.6±3.2)比P:(13.5±6.0)ng/mL]浓度升高,差异有非常显著意义.高脂餐后血浆TG浓度分别与高脂餐后可溶性P选择素(r=0.430)、PAI-1抗原(r=0.421)浓度显著相关(P＜0.01).治疗1周后,缬沙坦组和氟伐他汀组的高脂餐后血浆可溶性P选择素、PAI-1和t-PA抗原浓度较各自空腹水平差异无统计学意义.联合组的空腹和高脂餐后血浆可溶性P选择素、PAI-1和t-PA抗原浓度较治疗前基础水平显著降低(P＜0.05).联合治疗一周后也明显地抑制了高脂餐后可溶性P选择素、PAI-1与t-PA,虽然仍有轻度增加,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).上述指标的变化发生在血脂变化之前.结论 与氟伐他汀或缬沙坦的单用相比,极短期两药联合应用有效地降低了原发性高血压患者空腹和高脂餐后的血浆PAI-1和t-PA抗原浓度.     

幽门螺杆菌环境压力下的蛋白表达调控

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡乃至胃癌、胃黏膜相关淋巴样组织(MALT)淋巴瘤等多种消化系统疾病密切相关,很多从蛋白组学水平的研究发现其在不同生理状态及环境压力下的蛋白表达存在着差异.此文从酸应激、氧应激、缺铁及抗生素应用等方面作一综述.     

经胸无注气内镜下甲状旁腺肿瘤切除

目的 探讨经胸部无注气内镜下甲状旁腺肿瘤切除的可行性.方法 经胸骨部小切口,在鼻内镜下对2例甲状旁腺囊腺瘤患者进行手术切除,常规显露喉返神经,局部切除肿瘤.结果 2例均顺利切除,无喉返神经麻痹和甲状旁腺功能低下,具有美容和微创双重效果.结论 经胸部无注气内镜下甲状旁腺肿瘤切除简便易行,具美容和微创效果,适合经选择的患者.