低强度脉冲超声对兔下颌骨骨折愈合中OPG/OPGL及COX-2表达的影响

目的通过观察低强度脉冲超声(low intensity pulsed ultrasound,LIPUS)治疗新西兰大白兔下颌骨骨折后骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、骨保护素配体(osteoprotegerin ligand,OPGL)、环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)蛋白及mRNA的动态变化,探讨LIPUS促进骨折愈合的作用机制。结论健康雄性新西兰大白兔84只,随机分为对照组(42只)和实验组(42只),建立下颌骨骨折模型,用LIPUS治疗,分别于术后1、3、14、21、28、56d各取相同例数动物(n=6)处死取样。采用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR技术检测OPG、OPGL、COX-2蛋白及mRNA动态变化。结果 LIPUS治疗兔下颌骨骨折后,OPG、OPGL、COX-2蛋白浓度和mRNA及OPGL/OPG比值在不同时间点均有不同程度上调(P<0.05),但各指标上调幅度最大(P<0.01)的时间点不同,且上调幅度无相关性,只有OPG的上调幅度与OPGL比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LIPUS能促进兔下颌骨骨折部位OPG、OPGL、COX-2的表达,从而促进骨折愈合。     

血清ANCA检测对肾脏疾病患者的诊断意义

目的 进一步探讨血清中的抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）检测在肾脏疾病患者中的诊断意义。方法 应用间接免疫荧光（IIF）和ELISA方法检测了205例肾脏疾病患者血清中的ANCA及其靶抗原。结果 在205例肾脏痰病患者血清中，ANCA阳性40例占19．5％，其中38例为pANCA阳性（38／205）；2例为eANCA阳性（2／205）。结论 不同ANCA荧光模型与疾病种类及预后密切相关；提高pANCA与ANA荧光模型的鉴别，有助于血管炎与其它自身免疫性疾病的诊断；同时应用IIF和ELISA方法检测ANCA，可以提高ANCA检测结果的可靠性。     

针刺合谷穴对脑功能成像的研究

目的 研究针刺合谷穴引起的脑功能的即刻效应和后效应(时间变化规律)。方法 用改进时间簇分析(modified temporal chlster analvsis，MTCA)方法对12名健康志愿者针刺合谷穴功能磁共振成像(fMR1)的数据进行处理，得到针刺后脑功能变化的时间和趋势。结果 针刺合谷穴在进针后7～9s和拔针后高峰后，还会不规律出现一些小的高峰。结论 针刺合谷穴对中枢神经系统影响具有时间特性。     

Aggregate Geometrical Features and Their Influence on the Surface Properties of Asphalt Pavement

Aggregate geometrical features directly affect asphalt pavement surface properties, which further affect the resistance to skidding of a road surface. In order to establish a relationship between the aggregate geometrical features and pavement surface properties, this paper employs an aggregate geometric characteristic evaluation system (AGCES) to describe the form property, angularity, and surface texture of aggregate particles. The geometrical feature parameters of 15 different aggregates were examined by AGCES and the corresponding surface properties of asphalt pavement prepared from the mentioned aggregates were evaluated by sand patch method, 2-Dimension Image-based Texture Analysis Method (2D-ITAM) and Walking Friction Tester (WFT), respectively. The relationships between the pavement surface property parameters and the aggregate geometric characteristic parameters studied were developed by the Levenberg-Marquarat and universal global optimization (LM-UGO). The results show that the calculated geometric characteristic parameters are in agreement with traditional manual measurement results. The pavement surface properties are significantly influenced by aggregate angularity and aggregate surface texture. Regression relationships were established to predict pavement surface properties from the aggregate geometrical features.     

Extensive sampling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Taiwan reveals ecology and evolution of predomesticated lineages

The ecology and genetic diversity of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae before human domestication remain poorly understood. Taiwan is regarded as part of this yeast''s geographic birthplace, where the most divergent natural lineage was discovered. Here, we extensively sampled the broadleaf forests across this continental island to probe the ancestral species’ diversity. We found that S. cerevisiae is distributed ubiquitously at low abundance in the forests. Whole-genome sequencing of 121 isolates revealed nine distinct lineages that diverged from Asian lineages during the Pleistocene, when a transient continental shelf land bridge connected Taiwan to other major landmasses. Three lineages are endemic to Taiwan and six are widespread in Asia, making this region a focal biodiversity hotspot. Both ancient and recent admixture events were detected between the natural lineages, and a genetic ancestry component associated with isolates from fruits was detected in most admixed isolates. Collectively, Taiwanese isolates harbor genetic diversity comparable to that of the whole Asia continent, and different lineages have coexisted at a fine spatial scale even on the same tree. Patterns of variations within each lineage revealed that S. cerevisiae is highly clonal and predominantly reproduces asexually in nature. We identified different selection patterns shaping the coding sequences of natural lineages and found fewer gene family expansion and contractions that contrast with domesticated lineages. This study establishes that S. cerevisiae has rich natural diversity sheltered from human influences, making it a powerful model system in microbial ecology.

The yeast genus Saccharomyces, which includes S. cerevisiae, is a powerful model system for revealing patterns of genomic variation underlying reproductive isolation and adaptation in eukaryotic microorganisms. Surveys of population genetic data have been used in S. cerevisiae to date the origin of key domestication events (Gallone et al. 2016; Duan et al. 2018; Peter et al. 2018), to determine life cycle frequencies in nature (Tsai et al. 2008), to determine the genomic basis of adaptation at continental scale (Duan et al. 2018; Peter et al. 2018), and, more recently, to establish its geographical origin and dispersal history (Xia et al. 2017). Phylogenomic analyses of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex and extensive sequencing of collections across the world suggest that S. cerevisiae originated in East Asia (Duan et al. 2018; Peter et al. 2018). The 1011 Genome Project—the most broad large-scale yeast population genomic study—discovered that three wild isolates from Taiwan showed an unprecedented high genetic diversity compared with populations from the rest of the world (Peter et al. 2018). Population genomics of 266 domestic and wild isolates in China revealed six wild lineages from primeval forests. The newly identified CHN-IX group represents the most diverged lineage (Duan et al. 2018). Isolates from this group and the three Taiwanese isolates were grouped into a single lineage that showed a disjunct geographic distribution (Bendixsen et al. 2021). Although considerable knowledge is available on the biogeography and population genetics of plants and animals across continents (Whittaker et al. 2017), little is known about how eukaryotic microorganisms such as S. cerevisiae disperse, establish, reproduce, and persist in nature (Liti 2015).Most S. cerevisiae biology has been based on experiments on a handful of laboratory domesticated strains, but comprehensive analyses of the ecology and evolutionary biology of S. cerevisiae in the wild are still unavailable. In nature, S. cerevisiae have been isolated from the bark, fruits, surrounding soil, and leaves of plants belonging to several different families (Naumov et al. 2013), with early reports suggesting that the yeast is most successfully isolated from the oak family Fagaceae (Sniegowski et al. 2002; Sampaio and Gonçalves 2008; Wang et al. 2012). S. cerevisiae contains high genetic diversity in certain populations, including lineage-specific variants that display clear population structures (Barnett 1992; Wang et al. 2012; Cromie et al. 2013; Strope et al. 2015; Gallone et al. 2016; Gonçalves et al. 2016; Zhu et al. 2016; Duan et al. 2018; Legras et al. 2018; Peter et al. 2018) and explain phenotypic variance similar to common variants (Fournier et al. 2019). Samples from natural habitats tend to be homozygous diploids forming unique populations with minimal genetic admixture, whereas lineages associated with human activities were likely heterozygous, containing higher ploidy and greater genetic admixture leading to a mosaic genome makeup (Diezmann and Dietrich 2009; Liti et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2012; Almeida et al. 2015). The diverse natural lineages of S. cerevisiae present in East Asia provide an excellent opportunity to study the natural diversity of this species, which was previously believed to be fully domesticated (Fay and Benavides 2005).Taiwan is a continental shelf island with the fifth highest tree density in the world (Crowther et al. 2015). Among the 13 climate-related forests types in Taiwan, five are Fagaceae-dominated natural forests on low- and mid-elevation mountains (Li et al. 2013), thus a potentially ideal natural habitat for S. cerevisiae. Taiwan also harbors a high phylogenetic diversity of flowering plants (53 out of 64 angiosperm orders present under the APG IV classification system) (Lin and Chung 2017) and endemism compared with other oceanic islands (Hsieh 2002), raising the possibility that the associated microbial populations are genetically different from their continental counterparts. Here, we set out to characterize the intra-genetic diversity, relative abundance, and distribution of S. cerevisiae in Taiwanese forests over 4 yr of broad sampling. Our study provides novel insights of the predomestication phase of S. cerevisiae and broadens our understanding of the ecological and biogeographic implications before anthropogenic impacts.     

Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanisms of As-Cast Antibacterial Ti6Al4V-5Cu Alloy for Isothermal Forging Process

The hot workability behavior of antibacterial Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy was investigated using a hot compression experiment in the temperature range of 790–1040 °C and strain rate of 10⁻³–10 s⁻¹ with a strain of 0.4. The deformation behavior of the alloy was characterized by Gleeble 3800 compression experiment, and the relationship among deformed microstructures and deformation parameters was established. The deformations of Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy were temperature and strain rate-dependent. Higher temperature and lower strain rate made power dissipation efficiency (η) increase and reach 89%. The activation energies (Q) in the dual-phase (α + β) and single β phase regions were calculated as 175.43 and 159.03 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. In the dual (α + β) phase region, with an increase in strain rate, flow-softening behavior was dominated, however in the single β phase region such as processing at 940 °C. Flow stress increased slightly in which work-hardening behavior was dominated (especially between strain rates of 10⁻³–1 s⁻¹). The deformation at various conditions exhibited different stress-strain profiles, providing an insight that work hardening and flow softening coexisted in Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy. The relative intensity of oscillatory change in flow stress profile decreased as the strain rate decreased. The hot workability of Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy was also accessed from the viewpoint of the sub-grain structure.     

连续波充填技术的临床评价

目的评价连续波充填技术的临床疗效。方法选择牙髓病或根尖周病患者60例,按就诊顺序随机分为两组,分别采用连续波充填技术（CW组）和冷牙胶侧方加压充填技术（LC组）进行根管充填。术前、术后拍摄X线片。比较两组的根管充填时间、术中疼痛情况和根管充填效果。结果以牙为单位,CW组适充28例,超充1例,欠充1例;LC组中,适充27例,超充2例。欠充1例。CW组术中不适4例,LC组2例。以根管为单位,CW组根管充填时间平均每根管65．7s,LC组平均每根管203．8s（P〈0．05）。结论连续波充填技术临床操作简便有效,操作时间短。     

双向排斥反应联体动物模型的建立

目的 探讨在异基因成年小鼠之间建立联体模型用以研究双向排斥反应。方法 54只雄性C57BL/6(H-2b,C57)小鼠和54只雌性Balb/c(H-2d)小鼠配对分为3组:1组(注射生理盐水)、2组(注射脾细胞+环磷酰胺)、3组(注射脾细胞+环磷酰胺+环孢素A)。于术中经尾静脉注入对方的脾细胞;术前3d和术后1周每日分别腹腔注射环孢素A(30mg·kg·d^-1);术后2d腹腔注射环磷酰胺(150mg/kg)1次。对经以上处理的部分联体小鼠在术后1周后分开,相互植皮。观察联体维持时间,并分别检测其混合淋巴细胞反应和诱导迟发型超敏反应(DTH)。结果 第3组联体时间明显延长;第3组联体小鼠DTH,2、3组显示明显抑制,但3组小鼠抑制程度明显比第2组小鼠深。结论 应用免疫抑制剂,可成功建立双向排斥反应联体动物模型。     

重组人干扰素α-1b联合细菌溶解产物对反复呼吸道感染患儿免疫功能的影响

目的研究重组人干扰素α-1b联合细菌溶解产物在治疗反复呼吸道感染患儿免疫功能的疗效评价。方法选取我院从2013年6月~2014年6月入院治疗的151例反复呼吸道感染患儿做为研究对象,另选取正常儿童20例做为正常对照组。所有患儿均在常规治疗方法的基础上应用重组人工干扰素α-1b联合细菌溶解产物治疗。利用流式细胞术、电化学发光法,在其患病时、呼吸道症状消失后4周,及健康患儿,分别检测其血清中T细胞水平、血清皮质(COR)的含量变化,比较三者之间细胞免疫状态的差异与血清皮质醇的含量变化。结果恢复组患儿体内血清T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+及血清COR水平显著高于发病组,而T淋巴细胞CD8+水平显著低于发病组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发病组患儿体内血清T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+及血清COR水平显著低于正常对照组,而T淋巴细胞CD8+水平显著高于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论反复呼吸道感染患儿体内免疫功能出现紊乱,重组人干扰素α-1b联合细菌溶解产物具调节患儿免疫系统的作用,提高免疫力,临床效果显著,值得广泛推广应用。     

Protective effect of glutamine-enriched early enteral nutrition on intestinal mucosal barrier injury after liver transplantation in rats

Background

The effect of glutamine-enriched early enteral nutrition (Gln-EEN) on intestinal mucosal barrier injury after liver transplantation (LT) remains uncertain.

Methods

The Wistar-to-Wistar rat LT model was used to explore the protective effect of Gln-EEN. Morphologic changes of intestinal mucosa, levels of intestinal malondialdehyde and secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA), plasma endotoxin, D-lactic acid, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), rates of bacterial translocation, and expression of intestinal nuclear factor-κB, TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were determined.

Results

After LT, intestinal mucosa was damaged seriously. At 12, 24, and 48 hours posttransplantation, levels of intestinal sIgA were decreased; levels of malondialdehyde, endotoxin, D-lactic acid, and TNF-α, the ratio of bacterial translocation, and the expression of intestinal nuclear factor-κB, TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 all were increased. However, changes in earlier-mentioned parameters in recipients treated with Gln-EEN were attenuated remarkably at 24 to 48 hours.

Conclusions

Our data show that Gln-EEN is a potent protectant against intestinal mucosal barrier injury after LT.