Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in children-report of one case

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is rare in pediatric patients. The three main manifestations, defined by Klein et al. in 1970, were (a) predominant mucosal, (b) predominant muscular-layer, and (c) predominant subserosal disease. The predominant subserosal type is the rarest of the three. We report on a 43-month-old boy who, on admission, suffered from recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea for one week, with ascites and pleural effusion noted. The white blood cell (WBC) count of ascites fluid was 8,000/mm3, with a differential count of 99% eosinophils. The peripheral WBC count was 44,000/mm3, with 78% eosinophils. Three days after diagnosis, ascites, pleural effusion and other gastrointestinal symptoms were gradually relieved using steroid therapy, with the peripheral eosinophil count returning to normal. The steroid therapy was discontinued after two months with tapering dose. The boy was in good health with no recurrence of symptoms in a follow-up conducted after one year.     

基于 ADSL家庭远程医疗监护系统

介绍了基于 ADSL的家庭远程医疗监护系统,采用动态域名解析系统解决了 ADSL动态 IP的问题,利用 VC++编程,通过 Internet实现了监护数据的传输,借助于该系统医生可以实时了解病人的体温、心电、血压、血氧等.此外,通过该系统还可以实现病人和医生之间的在线视频对话交流.     

生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α水平的研究

目的:探讨白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在生殖器疱疹发病机理中的作用.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验,测定60例生殖器疱疹患者及60例正常人血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量.结果:生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-6水平低于正常对照组(P<0.05),而IL-4、TNF-α水平高于正常对照组(P<0.05).结论:生殖器疱疹患者体内存在细胞因子表达异常是导致生殖器疱疹反复发作的原因之一.     

Antibody-secreting peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by immunization with a conjugate consisting of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 12F polysaccharide and diphtheria toxoid

Healthy adult volunteers were injected either with one of two conjugates composed of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 12F polysaccharide (Pn12F) covalently coupled to diphtheria toxoid or with Pn12F alone (as a component of Pnu-Imune, a 23-valent pneumococcus vaccine). The conjugates induced Pn12F-specific antibody-secreting cells in peripheral blood with numbers and isotype distribution similar to those induced by Pnu-Imune, with immunoglobulin A (IgA) as the predominant isotype. The conjugates also elicited high numbers of diphtheria toxoid-specific antibody-secreting cells of the IgG class. There was no distinct booster effect, since a second dose of the conjugates induced antibody-secreting cells at significantly lower numbers than after the first dose. In contrast to the cell numbers, the conjugate vaccines induced higher increases of IgA1 Pn12F antibodies in serum than did Pnu-Imune. However, neither the conjugates nor Pnu-Imune induced a secretory antibody response. Antibody levels in serum and saliva correlated poorly with the frequency of antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells. Circulating antibody-secreting cells present 7 days postimmunization were probably not responsible for the high increase of antibodies in serum but rather represented a population of in vivo-activated B cells with the ability to disseminate the humoral response from the antigen recognition site to distant locations of antibody production.     

Serum antibody response in adult volunteers elicited by injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 12F polysaccharide alone or conjugated to diphtheria toxoid.

Conjugates of an uronic acid-containing capsular polysaccharide (CP), pneumococcous type 12F (Pn12F) bound to diphtheria toxoid (DT), were studied for safety and immunogenicity in adult volunteers. In mice, these conjugates, prepared with the same lot of DT and Pn12F-40234-006, a homogenous CP of high molecular weight, or Pn12-812408, a polydisperse CP with lower-molecular-weight material, were more immunogenic than the Pn12F alone and had T-cell dependent properties (A. Fattom, W. F. Vann, S.C. Szu, A. Sutton, X. Li, B. Bryla, G. Schiffman, J. B. Robbins, and R. Schneerson, Infect. Immun. 56:2292-2298, 1988). Adult volunteers, randomized into three groups, were injected either with one of these two conjugates or with Pnu-Imune, the 23 valent pneumococcus vaccine containing 25 micrograms of Pn12F as one of its components. Volunteers were injected two times, 4 weeks apart, with the Pn12F-DT conjugates and once with the Pnu-Imune. Side reactions following injection of the conjugates of Pnu-Imune were mild and short-lived. At 4 weeks and at 7 months after the first injection, higher levels of Pn12F antibodies were found in the volunteers injected with the conjugates than in the Pnu-Imune group (P less than 0.001). The conjugate prepared with the higher-molecular-weight Pn12F elicited higher levels of antibodies than the conjugate prepared with a lower-molecular-weight Pn12F preparation (P = 0.05). Both conjugates elicited about a 13-fold rise in DT antibodies.     

Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease

Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, and it does so with the full complexity of local peripheral inflammatory responses. In the periphery, degenerating tissue and the deposition of highly insoluble abnormal materials are classical stimulants of inflammation. Likewise, in the AD brain damaged neurons and neurites and highly insoluble amyloid beta peptide deposits and neurofibrillary tangles provide obvious stimuli for inflammation. Because these stimuli are discrete, microlocalized, and present from early preclinical to terminal stages of AD, local upregulation of complement, cytokines, acute phase reactants, and other inflammatory mediators is also discrete, microlocalized, and chronic. Cumulated over many years, direct and bystander damage from AD inflammatory mechanisms is likely to significantly exacerbate the very pathogenic processes that gave rise to it. Thus, animal models and clinical studies, although still in their infancy, strongly suggest that AD inflammation significantly contributes to AD pathogenesis. By better understanding AD inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes, it should be possible to develop anti-inflammatory approaches that may not cure AD but will likely help slow the progression or delay the onset of this devastating disorder.     

Ultrastructural identification of a sympathetic component in the hypoglossal nerve of hamsters using experimental degeneration and horseradish peroxidase methods

We employed experimental degeneration, tract-tracing with wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and electron microscopy to explore the postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the hypoglossal nerve of hamsters. Quantitative results of normal untreated animals at the electron microscopic level showed the existence of unmyelinated fibers, which made up about 20% of the total fibers in the nerve, being more numerous on the left side. The nerve fibers were preferentially distributed at the periphery of the nerve. Following superior cervical ganglionectomy, most of the unmyelinated fibers underwent degenerative changes. Tract-tracing studies showed that some of the unmyelinated fibers were labeled by WGA-HRP injected into the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). It is suggested that the unmyelinated fibers represent the postganglionic sympathetic fibers originated from the SCG.     

Association between the growth rate of renal cysts/angiomyolipomas and age in the patients with tuberous sclerosis complex

Purpose

Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) occur with a high frequency and a wide range of severity. The onset and complications of each affected organ depend on the age. This study aimed to investigate the associations between comorbidities, frequency, and size of cysts/angiomyolipomas of TSC and the patients in the different ages.

Methods

We performed a systematic evaluation of patients with TSC at integrated clinics for TSC. The patients were diagnosed with TSC according to Roach’s clinical diagnostic criteria. All the patients underwent a systematic evaluation with a medical history review, recording of cutaneous manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, chest computed tomography scan, and cardiac echography. Each patient was routinely evaluated with renal magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Of the 57 patients with TSC, renal lesions or manifestations were observed in 38.5 % at preschool-age group (<6 years) that increased to 75.0, 85.7, and 100 % in school-age group (6–18 years), young adulthood group (18–30 years), and middle-aged group >30 years, respectively. Renal complications or interventions were found in 72.7 % of patients >30 years. There was a strongly positive association between the size of renal lesions and age (p < 0.001). Comorbidities of TSC were significantly correlated with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (p < 0.001) and seizure remission (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

The results indicate a positive association of progressively growing renal lesions in patients with TSC with increasing age. It is mandatory for clinicians that monitor the high-risk patients to minimize and prevent renal complications in the future.     

新目安眼用凝胶剂与目安眼用凝胶剂体外释药特性比较研究

目的：探索更昔洛韦替代阿昔洛韦组成的新目安眼用凝胶剂体外释药性能是否优于原目安眼用凝胶剂。方法：以更昔洛韦含量,阿昔洛韦含量为指标,采用桨法2（《中国药典》方法）,进行体外释药试验。结果：新目安眼用凝胶剂释药特性等同于目安眼用凝胶剂,释药速度相似,释药量相同,皆达到或满足临床用药目的,凝胶基质对药物释放无影响,该基质能快速将药物释放出来溶解于泪液中发挥治疗作用。结论：新目安眼用凝胶剂释药特性符合眼用制剂需求。更昔洛韦替代阿昔洛韦组成的新目安眼用凝胶剂体外释药性能等同于原目安眼用凝胶剂,给药次数及间隔时间基本科学,合理,可行,并为下一步药效,毒理,临床研究提供依据。