关于中药四性物质基础研究技术路线的讨论

认为进行中药四性物质基础研究可按如下技术路线开展工作。文献研究(系统梳理中药四性理论体系,科学界定中药四性属性)→药材基源性状研究(界定标准药材,探寻与四性属性相关的因素及其规律性)→成分系统分析(明确个药基础物质成分)→成分种类、数量、存在形式研究(寻找基础物质成分种类、数量、存在形式与四性属性的相关性规律)→组合药靶模型作用机制分析(以功效相近、四性属性相同的药物组成一类药组,针对主要功效选取观察靶点,制备药靶模型,研究与四性属性可能相关的基础成分作用机制)→数据处理→文献研究(分析评价药性界定依据)→模型验证(评价药性界定依据的科学性)。     

借鉴美国的先进经验发展中国的卫生保健体系

〔目的〕学习和借鉴美国旅行卫生保健体系的经验,促进我国旅行卫生保健事业的发展。〔方法〕通过在华盛顿大学卫生保健中主的学习,对美国旅行卫生保健体系的结构、职能和特点进行研究,并对中国旅行卫生保健事业的进一步发展提出建议。〔结果〕在美国,旅行卫生保健属于初级卫生保健的范畴。其在设置机构时,需按照国家规定的标准经过严格的资质认证。卫生保健机构的职能主要包括:预防保健、免疫接种、安全行为保健、普通疾病的诊断、伤害的评估与治疗、旅行者旅行前的健康评估和拟定接种计划、旅途中的健康提示等;在医务人员配备上,重视业务素质和继续教育;人性化的环境布置和服务是美国卫生保健机构的突出特点;工作流程井然有序,有始有终。〔结论〕中国旅行卫生保健工作在制度管理、学术研究、队伍素质、信息化建设、服务理念方面存在着很大的差距,应尽快改进。     

Comparative studies on patient's and family's basic attributes, psychosocial states and treatment prognoses at three medical institutions for treatment of alcoholism]

A research by questionnaire was conducted at three medical institutions, on basic attributes and psychosocial states of alcoholics' as first time inpatient and respective families. After a year of research, additional study was conducted in regard of abstinence, treatment continuation as outpatient, participation in self-help groups, and family's participation in family groups. Outcomes of researches' statistical analyses showed significant differences concerning medical institutions and basic attributes for the items: treatment histories of alcoholism, treatment or inpatient in other medical departments and alcoholic's family history,; but these differences were considered to be associated with varied courses of referrals. In relation to medical institutions with patients and family's psychosocial states, there were no significant differences on the outcomes of five scales. As for the correlation between medical institutions with a year's prognoses there were no significant differences concerning abstinence and treatment continuation as outpatient. In case of participation in self-help groups and family groups, the prognoses showed significant differences but these differences were considered to be related to varied treatments and different helping ways of medical institutions and varied conditions of local communities for mentioned helps.     

p53 Codon 72 polymorphism predicts the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have highlighted that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism plays a crucial role in modulating wild-type p53 apoptotic capacity, and as such may influence the response to chemotherapy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the p53 codon 72 polymorphism might influence pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred and ten operable breast cancer patients received anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and p53 codon 72 polymorphism status was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The distribution of initial clinical stage, tumor size, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, menopausal status, or erbB2 expression was not significantly different among the polymorphic variants. However, we found that only 13% (3 of 23) of patients with the Pro/Pro variant had a good pathologic response, defined as a complete pathologic response or minimal residual disease. In comparison, 40% (22 of 55) or 37.5% (12 of 32) of patients with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant had a good pathologic response (P = 0.019). Moreover, patients with the Pro/Pro variant were more likely to have a positive axillary lymph node status than those with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant (P = 0.007). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, p53 codon 72 polymorphism was found to be a strong predictor of pathologic response (odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.4-31.2; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that breast cancer patients with the Pro/Pro variant may be less sensitive to anthracycline-based treatment than those with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant and suggests that analysis of p53 codon 72 polymorphism may provide a simple predictive marker for selecting the right breast cancer patients to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical setting.     

鸢尾异黄酮提取工艺研究及含量测定

目的:研究鸢尾中异黄酮的提取工艺及含量测定方法.方法:采用正交试验进行优选,考察乙醇用量、乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间等因素对异黄酮得率的影响,并采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.结果:乙醇用量和提取次数是主要的影响因素.鸢尾最佳提取工艺为药材粉碎为20目,加入10倍量80%的乙醇于85℃重复提取2次,每次1 h.结论:本提取工艺可行;紫外分光光度法简单、快速、准确.     

甘肃产当归的商品规格与其阿魏酸含量的相关性初探

采用高效液相色谱法测定不同商品规格的甘肃产当归中阿魏酸含量,对当归的商品规格与阿魏酸含量的关系进行初步探索.结果表明:当归的商品规格等级高低与阿魏酸含量之间无明显相关性.     

柿叶黄酮抑制LDL刺激的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的:观察柿叶黄酮对低密度脂蛋白(LDL)刺激时离体大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响.方法:体外培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞,LDL刺激时,应用不同剂量的柿叶黄酮作用24 h后,采用MTS/PES法确定血管平滑肌细胞的增殖状态.结果:与对照组相比,LDL可以明显刺激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,柿叶黄酮对LDL刺激下的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05),并呈现剂量依赖性.结论:柿叶黄酮可明显抑制LDL刺激下的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖.     

FGF and ERK signaling coordinately regulate mineralization-related genes and play essential roles in osteocyte differentiation

To examine the roles of FGF and ERK MAPK signaling in osteocyte differentiation and function, we performed microarray analyses using the osteocyte cell line MLO-Y4. This experiment identified a number of mineralization-related genes that were regulated by FGF2 in an ERK MAPK-dependent manner. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that FGF2 upregulates Ank, Enpp1, Mgp, Slc20a1, and Dmp1 in MLO-Y4 cells. Consistent with this observation, the selective FGF receptor inhibitor PD173074 decreased Ank, Enpp1, Slc20a1, and Dmp1 mRNA expression in mouse calvaria in organ culture. Since Dmp1 plays a central role in osteocyte differentiation and mineral homeostasis, we further analyzed FGF regulation of Dmp1. Similar to FGF2, FGF23 upregulated Dmp1 expression in MLO-Y4 cells in the presence of Klotho. Furthermore, increased extracellular phosphate levels partially inhibited FGF2-induced upregulation of Dmp1 mRNA expression, suggesting a coordinated regulation of Dmp1 expression by FGF signaling and extracellular phosphate. In MLO-Y4 osteocytes and in MC3T3E1 and primary calvaria osteoblasts, U0126 strongly inhibited both basal expression of Dmp1 mRNA and FGF2-induced upregulation. Consistent with the in vitro observations, real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed a strong decrease in Dmp1 expression in the skeletal elements of ERK1 ^−/− ; ERK2 ^flox/flox ; Prx1-Cre mice. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that no osteocytes with characteristic dendritic processes develop in the limbs of ERK1 ^−/− ; ERK2 ^flox/flox ; Prx1-Cre mice. Collectively, our observations indicate that FGF signaling coordinately regulates mineralization-related genes in the osteoblast lineage and that ERK signaling is essential for Dmp1 expression and osteocyte differentiation.