Patientennutzen und Anwendungsmerkmale der Behandlung irritierter Haut mit dexpanthenolhaltiger Salbe

Background

Products containing dexpanthenol are used to treat irritated and inflamed skin. So far there is a lack of data for the evidence of patient-relevant benefits.

Objective

Assessment of the patient-relevant benefit of ointments containing dexpanthenol in the self-medicated therapy of irritated skin.

Methods

Prospective, observational study in a network of 392 pharmacies. Consecutive recruitment of n=1,886 patients with symptoms of irritated skin, including non-inflammatory intervals of atopic eczema, other xerotic skin conditions and impairment of skin barrier. The patient-relevant benefit was ascertained prior to and 7–10 days after treatment through the patient-benefit index (PBI).

Results

The PBI showed that 91.5% of the patients experienced a relevant benefit from treatment. 94.7% directly indicated to have had achieved successful therapeutic results. All symptoms of irritated skin (e.g. xerosis, erythema, desquamation) significantly improved (p≤0,001). The subjective response was independent of age, gender and underlying skin disease.

Conclusion

High patient-relevant benefits were observed in the treatment of irritated skin with dexpanthenol ointment.     

多索茶碱及其片剂的高效液相色谱分析

多索茶碱及其片剂的高效液相色谱分析刘春胜，何秀峰，王云萍，谷士杰，周同惠（中国医学科学院、中国协和医科大学药物研究所，北京１０００５０）多索茶碱（ｄｏｘｏｆｙｌｌｉｎｅ）是用于治疗支气管哮喘合并支气管痉挛的慢性阻塞性肺部疾病的新一代黄嘌吟衍生物，其药...     

Distinct Neuropsychological Mechanisms May Explain Delayed- Versus Rapid-Onset Antidepressant Efficacy

The biochemical targets for antidepressants are relatively well established, but we lack a clear understanding of how actions at these proteins translate to clinical benefits. This study used a novel rodent assay to investigate how different antidepressant drugs act to modify affective biases that have been implicated in depression. In this bowl-digging task, rats encounter two equal value learning experiences on separate days (one during an affective manipulation and the other during control conditions). This induces an affective bias that is quantified using a preference test in which both digging substrates are presented together and the individual rats’ choices recorded. The assay can be used to measure affective biases associated with learning (when the treatment is given at the time of the experience) or examine the modification of previously acquired biases (when the treatment is administered before the preference test). The rapid-onset antidepressant ketamine, but not the delayed-onset antidepressant, venlafaxine, attenuated the previously acquired FG7142-induced negative bias following systemic administration. Venlafaxine but not ketamine induced a positive bias when administered before learning. We then used local drug infusions and excitotoxic lesions to localize the effects of ketamine to the medial prefrontal cortex and venlafaxine to the amygdala. Using a modified protocol we also showed that positive and negative biases amplified further when the numbers of substrate–reinforcer associations are increased. We propose that this pattern of results could explain the delayed onset of action of venlafaxine and the rapid onset of action but lack of long-term efficacy seen with ketamine.     

Intragastric pH in the gastroprotective and ulcer-healing activity of aluminum-containing antacids.

Antacids containing aluminum have been shown to stimulate the protective processes in the gastric mucosa and to enhance the healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcerations, but the mechanisms of these effects are still unexplained. This study was designed to compare the protective effects of unmodified and acidified (pH 2.0) Maalox 70 and Al(OH)3 on the formation of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by absolute ethanol, taurocholate, acidified aspirin and stress, and to determine the role of gastric acid in healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcerations by these antacids in rats. Acidified Maalox 70 and Al(OH)3 were significantly more potent than unmodified agents against all four tested types of acute mucosal lesions, and this action was probably due to their 'mild irritant' effect as evidenced by extensive exfoliation of the surface epithelial cells observed microscopically after the exposure of the mucosa to these agents. Mucosal generation of prostaglandins does not appear to be involved in the gastroprotection by acidified Maalox because the pretreatment with indomethacin did not affect this protection. In contrast to the protective effect, the ulcer-healing capacity of Maalox or Al(OH)3 does not appear to be dependent upon the presence of gastric acid because the reduction or elimination of endogenous acid by the pretreatment with ranitidine or omeprazole did not affect the healing of gastroduodenal ulcerations. We conclude that aluminum-containing antacids induce the mucosal protection that is enhanced in the presence of luminal acid but exhibit an ulcer-healing property that appears to be unrelated to gastric acid secretion or mucosal generation of prostaglandins.     

Expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) in endometrioid cancer and lymph nodes metastases

PurposeWe identify the expression of PRL-3 in primary endometrioid endometrial cancer and metastases in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics.Material/MethodsThe study involved 30 patients with type I endometrial cancer. Twelve of them were diagnosed with metastases in various localization of abdomen. The PRL-3 expression was evaluated on the basis of immunohistochemistry results by the use of monoclonal antibody anti-PRL3 clone 3B6.ResultsThe intensity of PRL-3 expression in correlation with tumor stage was statistically significant (p = 0.024). The strongest reaction was noted in cases classified as a 1a and 1b stage defined by FIGO. The strength of PRL-3 expression is significantly associated with the degree of histological tumor grade (p = 0.035).ConclusionsThe strong expression of PRL-3 in the primary tumor that was significantly correlated with the grade and clinical stage suggest that PTP4A3 participates in the process of endometrial carcinogenesis.     

Surgical delivery of drug releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) paste with in vivo effects against glioblastoma

Introduction

The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade 4) remains less than 18 months despite radical surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Surgical implantation of chemotherapy eluting wafers into the resection cavity has been shown to improve length of survival but the current licensed therapy has several drawbacks. This paper investigates in vivo efficacy of a novel drug eluting paste in glioblastoma.

Methods

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) self-sintering paste was loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide and delivered surgically into partially resected tumours in a flank murine glioblastoma xenograft model.

Results

Surgical delivery of the paste was successful and practical, with no toxicity or surgical morbidity to the animals. The paste was retained in the tumour cavity, and preliminary results suggest a useful antitumour and antiangiogenic effect, particularly at higher doses. Bioluminescent imaging was not affected significantly by the presence of the paste in the tumour.

Conclusions

Chemotherapy loaded PLGA/PEG paste seems to be a promising technology capable of delivering active drugs into partially resected tumours. The preliminary results of this study suggest efficacy with no toxicity and will lead to larger scale efficacy studies in orthotopic glioblastoma models.