巫山淫羊藿的化学研究

从小檗科Berberidaceae淫羊藿属Epimedium植物巫山淫羊藿Epimedium wushanense T.S.Ying的地上部分中分得两种黄酮甙单体,经理化性质鉴定及紫外、红外、质谱、氢谱、碳谱等光谱分析,确定甙Ⅰ是新化合物,命名为巫山淫羊藿甙(wushanicariin)。甙Ⅱ是已知化合物淫羊藿甙(icariin),系首次从该种植物中分离。     

Anthropometric indicators of body composition in young adults: relation to size at birth and serial measurements of body mass index in childhood in the New Delhi birth cohort

BACKGROUND: South Asians have a muscle-thin but adipose body phenotype and high rates of obesity-related disease. Adult body composition may be predictable in early life. OBJECTIVE: Anthropometric indexes of adult body composition were examined in relation to birth size and body mass index (BMI) during childhood. DESIGN: A population-based cohort of 1526 men and women aged 26-32 y in Delhi, India, who were measured sequentially from birth until 21 y of age were followed up. Adult weight, height, skinfold thicknesses, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. BMI and indexes of adiposity (sum of skinfold thicknesses), central adiposity (waist-hip ratio), and lean mass (residual values after adjustment of BMI for skinfold thicknesses and height) were derived. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 2851 g. As children, many subjects were underweight-for-age (>2 SDs below the National Center for Health Statistics mean; 53% at 2 y), but as adults, 47% were overweight, 11% were obese, and 51% were centrally obese (according to World Health Organization criteria). Birth weight was positively related to adult lean mass (P < 0.001) and, in women only, to adiposity (P = 0.006) but was unrelated to central adiposity. BMI from birth to age 21 y was increasingly strongly positively correlated with all outcomes. BMI and BMI gain in infancy and early childhood were correlated more strongly with adult lean mass than with adiposity or central adiposity. Higher BMI and greater BMI gain in late childhood and adolescence were associated with increased adult adiposity and central adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Birth weight and BMI gain during infancy and early childhood predict adult lean mass more strongly than adult adiposity. Greater BMI gain in late childhood and adolescence predicts increased adult adiposity.     

Our experience with aortic root replacement using hand-sewn composite valve graft

Background The purpose of this study is to examine our experience with aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts in patients with proximal aortic disease. Methods and Results Since 1986, 16 patients underwent aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts for various indications which were Marfan's syndrome with annuloaortic ectasia (n=2), aortic regurgitation with ascending aortic aneurysm (n=3), aortic stenosis with regurgitation with poststenotic dilatation (n=9) and progressive aortic dilatation following AVR (n=2). There were 12 males and 4 females. The age range varied between 19 years and 52 years. The choice of conduit was a custom made valved graft using a monoleaflet tilting disc valve (Medtronic Hall valve=11, St Vincent's valve=3, TTK Chitra=1 and Bjork Shiley Valve=1) placed in a Dacron graft (Hemashield=13, Verisoft Cooley=3) prepared using a 4-0 polypropylene suture. The average time taken to construct a valved graft was 20 min±8 min. The coronary implantation was by isolated button technique. There was no size mismatch encountered in any patients. Postoperative bleeding necessitated a delayed sternal closure in 3 patients and re-exploration in another 2. The immediate operative mortality was 2, the cause being ventricular arrhythmia in one and cerebrovascular accident in other. Follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 16 years with a median follow-up of 12 months. One patient had an asymptomatic perigraft collection and no intervention was needed. There was no valve related complications in any of these patients. There was one late death of unknown cause. Conclusions Aortic root replacement using a custom made composite graft offers excellent long-term results, with negligible mortality rate and prosthesis related complications. Custom made grafts make this conduit easily affordable in our country and their performance is comparable to other available composite grafts.