新疆道地药材中二萜类生物碱的核磁共振特征与抗肿瘤活性分析

目的归纳总结从新疆本地的几种翠雀属植物和乌头属植物中分离得到的二萜类生物碱的核磁特征以及这些生物碱的抗肿瘤活性。方法运用核磁共振¹H-NMR和¹³C-NMR测定二萜生物碱化合物的特征峰,在结构解析中还采用了COSY、HMBC、HSQC和NOESY等实验方法,应用MTT法对这些生物碱的抗肿瘤活性就行评价。结果总结了该类化合物的结构与核磁共振¹H-NMR与¹³C-NMR数据之间的关系及规律,并对氮杂缩醛等特殊结构单元的¹H-NMR和¹³C-NMR化学位移值范围进行了归纳,同时发现部分化合物对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa细胞,人肺腺癌细胞A549细胞株表现出较好的细胞毒活性。结论对二萜生物碱化合物的结构特征进行了总结,为进一步寻找高效低毒的二萜生物碱化合物奠定了基础,同时为利用结构修饰来减毒增效提供科学依据。     

Hesperidin Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial

This study aimed to examine the effects of hesperidin supplement on the glycemic parameters, oxidative DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty‐four patients were randomly allocated to receive 500 mg/day hesperidin or placebo capsules for 6 weeks. Data on glycemic parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHDG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study. In hesperidin group, TAC increased (0.74 ± 0.16 vs. 0.82 ± 0.18), while serum froctoseamin (5.79 ± 5.86 vs. 5.01 ± 4.95; p  = 0.001), 8‐OHDG (14.32 ± 6.4 vs. 11.00 ± 7.0; p  = 0.000), and MDA (5.78 ± 1.76 vs. 4.60 ± 0.75; p  = 0.000) decreased in comparison with the baseline values. There was a significant difference in percent change of TAC (13.35 ± 19.21 vs. 3.13 ± 10.02; p  = 0.043), froctoseamin (?10.10 ± 16.84 vs. 4.27 ± 34.646), 8‐OHDG (?25.11 ± 28.23 vs. 8.69 ± 35.41; p  = 0.000), and MDA (?16.46 ± 18.04 vs. ?1.82 ± 22.63; p  = 0.007) between hesperidin and control groups following intervention in adjusted models. These results suggest that hesperidin may improve TAC and alleviate serum froctoseamin, 8‐OHDG, and MDA levels in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Instrumental diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease

The increasing frequency of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in the general population emphasizes the need of suitable methods for early detection of this disease. This overview summarizes the methods of current use of angiologic investigation. Their sensitivity and practicability are critically discussed. Mechanical and electronic oscillography are simple screening methods and allow a slight localization of arterial occlusive disease. Exercise tests increase the sensitivity of oscillographic methods. Continuous wave Doppler-ultrasound can be used for measuring peripheral arterial pressure, directional or pulsed Doppler-ultrasound are needed for the determination of flow direction and for registration of flow-pressure curves. Multichannel pulsed Doppler-ultrasound is needed for quantitative flow registration in determined arteries. Detailed high quality pictures of the arterial structures can be obtained by high resolution B-mode scanners-while information on flow properties is given by frequency-analysis of Doppler signals achieved in duplex scans or color-coded scans. Plethysmography is still the standard method for quantitative flow determination in upper and lower extremities, suitable for the evaluation of the vascular capacity of the examined member. Capillaroscopy gives a direct view in the situation of microcirculation, which is very valuable for the management of diabetic microangiopathy and collagen diseases. Thermography offers the opportunity of registration of impressive imaging of functional vascular reactions.     

Functional and morphological organization of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the fictive cough reflex of guinea pigs

Projection of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) afferent fibers into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was investigated using a fluorescent tracer in guinea pigs. High density of fluorescence was detected in the ipsilateral NTS extending from 0.5 mm caudal to 1.2 mm rostral to the obex. At coronal slices, the fluorescent granules, lines and patches were located in the interstitial, medial and dorsal regions of NTS. Fluorescence was also found in the dorsal region of contralateral commissural NTS. Microstimulation of the rostral NTS, which corresponded to the region showing the strong fluorescence, induced an increase in the inspiratory discharge of phrenic nerve that was immediately followed by a large burst discharge of the iliohypogastric nerve in decerebrate, paralyzed and artificially ventilated guinea pigs. This serial response of the two nerves was identical to that induced by electrical stimulation of the SLN. Intravenous injection of codeine suppressed both NTS and SLN-induced responses. The SLN-induced response was inhibited by microinjection of codeine into the ipsilateral NTS and abolished by lesion of the ipsilateral NTS. These results suggest that the NTS has an integrative function in production of cough reflex and is possible sites of action of central antitussive agents.     

3D-conformal radiotherapy for prevention of carotid recurrent in-stent restenosis: Initial experience

Summary OBJECTIVE: To investigate 3D-conformal external beam radiotherapy for prevention of recurrent in-stent restenosis after carotid artery angioplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between Oct 2000 and Sep 2001 five patients with recurrent carotid artery in-stent restenosis of more than 50% lumen loss diagnosed with duplex sonography were enrolled. After successful revascularization, radiotherapy treatment planning was performed, which was based on the angioplasty protocol and all images documenting the intervention. A single dose of 5 Gy was prescribed to the 100% isodose. The treatment started on day one after angioplasty. In total, 4 fractions were given within 3 days. RESULTS: All patients tolerated the treatment well. No acute radiotherapy associated side effects were observed. Two patients developed recurrence within four months after therapy. In both cases, late total occlusion of the stent was noticed. One patient died and one developed a severe stroke. The other three patients remained asymptomatic with evidence of less than 50% restenosis. CONCLUSION: 3D-conformal radiotherapy is a feasible treatment option for highly selected patients with carotid artery in-stent restenosis. These preliminary results from a very small group of patients do show some potential for radiotherapy to prevent restenosis. However, due to the risk of late stent thrombosis, radiotherapy for the prevention of recurrent carotid artery in-stent restenosis is not recommended.

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3D-konformale Strahlentherapie zur Prävention der In-Stent-Restenose der Carotis: Initiale Erfahrungen

Zusammenfassung FRAGESTELLUNG: Den Stellenwert der 3D-konformalen, perkutanen Strahlentherapie zur Prävention der rekurrenten In-Stent-Restenose nach Carotis-Angioplastie zu evaluieren. PATIENTEN UND METHODE: Im Zeitraum von Oktober 2000 bis September 2001 wurden fünf Patienten mit einer >50% rekurrenten In-Stent-Restenose der Arteria carotis (diagnostiziert mit Duplex-Sonographie) rekrutiert. Nach erfolgreicher Angioplastie erfolgte die Computerplanung anhand des Angioplastieprotokolls und aller dokumentierter Interventionsaufnahmen. Die vorgeschriebene Dosis von 5 Gy wurde auf die 100% Isodose bezogen. Insgesamt erhielten die Patienten 4 Fraktionen zu je 5 Gy, beginnend am Tag eins nach der Angioplastie. RESULTATE: Alle Patienten vertrugen die Behandlung gut. Es wurden keine akuten Nebenwirkungen der Strahlentherapie beobachtet. Zwei Patienten entwickelten binnen 4 Monaten eine Spätthrombose im Bereich des Stents. Ein Patient verstarb, der zweite erlitt einen zerebralen Insult. Die restlichen 3 Patienten sind ohne klinisch wirksame Restenose. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die 3D-konformale Strahlentherapie ist eine gut anwendbare Methode für selektionierte Patienten mit In-Stent-Restenose der Carotis. Diese ersten Resultate in einem kleinen Patientenkollektiv haben ein gewisses Potential der Strahlentherapie zur Restenose-Prävention gezeigt. Wegen des Risikos einer Spätthrombose kann diese Methode nicht empfohlen werden.

     

Helicobacter pylori accumulates photoactive porphyrins and is killed by visible light

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the mucus layer of the human stomach and duodenum, causes chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. There is a 20% failure rate in antibiotic therapy, which is increasingly due to antibiotic resistance and necessitates the search for alternative antimicrobial methods. We have discovered that H. pylori when cultured in liquid medium, accumulates significant quantities of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin IX, both in the cells and secreted into the medium. These photoactive porphyrins lead to cell death (up to 5 logs) by photodynamic action upon illumination with low doses of visible light, with blue/violet light being most efficient. The degree of killing increases with the age of the culture and is greater than that found with Propionibacterium acnes (another bacterium known to be photosensitive due to porphyrin accumulation). Both virulent and drug-resistant strains are killed. The data suggest that phototherapy might be used to treat H. pylori infection in the human stomach.     

Angiotensin II protects cultured midbrain dopaminergic neurons against rotenone-induced cell death

In humans, EEG power in the theta frequency band (5-8 Hz) during quiet waking increases during sleep deprivation (SD), and predicts the subsequent homeostatic increase of sleep slow-wave activity (SWA; EEG power between 0.5 and 4.0 Hz). These findings indicate that theta power in waking is an EEG variable, which reflects the rise in sleep propensity. In rodents, a number of short sleep attempts, as well as SWA in the waking EEG increase in the course of SD, but neither variable predicts the subsequent homeostatic increase of EEG SWA during recovery sleep. To investigate whether there is an EEG marker for sleep propensity also in rodents, the EEG of the rat was recorded during 6 h SD in the first half of the light period (SDL, n = 7). During SDL, power of the waking EEG showed an increase in the delta (1.5-4 Hz) and low theta (5-6.5 Hz) band. Based on the neck muscle EMG, wakefulness was subdivided into active (high EMG activity) and quiet (low EMG activity) waking. During quiet waking, the theta peak occurred at 5.5 Hz, the frequency at which the increase of EEG power during SD was most pronounced. This increase was due to higher amplitude of theta waves, while wave incidence (frequency) was unchanged. Correlation analysis showed that the rise in EEG power in the 5-7 Hz band during SD predicted the subsequent enhancement of SWA in non-rapid eye movement sleep. The analysis of data of a further batch of rats which were sleep deprived for 6 h after dark onset (SDD, n = 7) revealed a significant increase in theta-wave amplitude during the SD and a tendency for a similar, positive correlation between the increase of theta power (5-7 Hz) and subsequent SWA. The results indicate that in rats, as in humans, a specific waking EEG frequency, i.e., theta power in quiet waking is a marker of sleep propensity.     

Uroflowmetry nomogram in Iranian children aged 7 to 14 years

Background

As the voiding habits of Iranian children differs from other children because of some cultural and religious considerations, we aimed to establish normal reference values of urinary flow rates in Iranian children between 7 to 14 years of age.

Methods

Eight hundred and two uroflowmetry studies were performed on children with no history of a renal, urological, psychological or neurological disorder, between the ages 7 and 14. Five hundred twenty five studies from 192 girls and 335 boys were considered in this study excluding the staccato/interrupted voiding pattern or voided volume less than 20 ml. The voiding volume, the maximum and average urinary flow rates were extensively analyzed.

Results

The maximal and average urine flow rate nomograms were plotted for both girls and boys. Mean maximum urine flow rate was 19.9 (ml/sec) for boys and 23.5 (ml/sec) for girls with a mean voided volume of 142 (ml) for boys and 147 (ml) for girls. Flow rates showed a close association with voiding volume in both sexes. The maximum and average flow rates were higher in girls than in boys, and they showed a significant increase in flow rates with increasing age, where boys did not. The mean maximum urine flow rates (19.9 ml/sec for boys and 23.5 ml/sec for girls) were found to be higher in this study than other studies.

Conclusion

Nomograms of maximal and average flow rates of girls and boys are presented in centile form, which can help the physician to evaluate the response to medical or surgical treatment and be useful for the screening of lower urinary tract disturbances in children, for a wide range of voided volumes.