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991.
Shuji Takiguchi Yasuhiro Miyazaki Tsuyoshi Takahashi Yukinori Kurokawa Makoto Yamasaki Kiyokazu Nakajima Hiroshi Miyata Hiroshi Hosoda Kenji Kangawa Masaki Mori Yuichiro Doki 《Surgery today》2016,46(3):379-385
Purpose
Ghrelin is mainly secreted from the stomach and plays a role in appetite, weight gain, and the promotion of a positive energy balance. The levels of ghrelin decrease immediately after gastrectomy. We herein investigated the effect of the administration of synthetic ghrelin to treat postoperative severe weight loss in a prospective, one-arm clinical trial to develop new strategies for weight gain.Methods
Ten patients (four distal gastrectomy and six total gastrectomy) received ghrelin treatment. Eligibility criteria included patients who underwent gastrectomy more than 1 year previously and 15 % body weight loss from the preoperative weight or a body mass index under 19. Synthetic human ghrelin (3 μg/kg) was administered to the patients twice a day for 1 week. Oral intake of calories, appetite [evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS)], and body weight before and during administration of ghrelin were compared.Results
There was a significant difference in the oral food intake before and during treatment (before treatment: 1236 ± 409 kcal vs. during treatment: 1398 ± 365 kcal, p = 0.039), and the VAS for appetite significantly improved with each day of ghrelin administration (p < 0.05). Significant amounts of body weight were gained (39.5 ± 6.8 vs. 40.1 ± 6.9, p = 0.037).Conclusions
The administration of synthetic ghrelin improved the food intake and was effective for treating appetite loss and body weight loss. Synthetic ghrelin may be a promising new therapy for severe body weight loss following gastrectomy.992.
Trials of vaccines for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Is there any hope of an improved prognosis?
Toru?MizuguchiEmail author Toshihiko?Torigoe Fukino?Satomi Hiroaki?Shima Goro?Kutomi Shigenori?Ota Masayuki?Ishii Hiroshi?Hayashi Sumiyo?Asakura Yoshihiko?Hirohashi Makoto?Meguro Yasutoshi?Kimura Toshihiko?Nishidate Kenji?Okita Masaho?Ishino Atsushi?Miyamoto Masamitsu?Hatakenaka Noriyuki?Sato Koichi?Hirata 《Surgery today》2016,46(2):139-148
Pancreatic tumors are chemoresistant and malignant, and there are very few therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, as the disease is normally diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although attempts have been made to develop vaccine therapies for pancreatic cancer for a couple of decades, none of the resultant protocols or regimens have succeeded in improving the clinical outcomes of patients. We herein review vaccines tested within the past few years, including peptide, biological and multiple vaccines, and describe the three sets of criteria used to evaluate the therapeutic activity of vaccines in solid tumors. 相似文献
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The laparoscopic technique for repairing ventral and incisional hernias (VIH) is now well established. However, several issues related to laparoscopic VIH repair, such as the high recurrence rate for hernias with large fascial defects and in extremely obese patients, are yet to be resolved. Additional problems include seroma formation, mesh bulging/eventration, and non-restoration of the abdominal wall rigidity/function with only bridging of the hernial orifice using standard laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair (sIPOM). To solve these problems, laparoscopic fascial defect closure with IPOM reinforcement (IPOM-Plus) has been introduced in the past decade, and a few studies have reported satisfactory outcomes. Although detailed techniques for fascial defect closure and handling of the mesh have been published, standardized techniques are yet to be established. We reviewed the literature on IPOM-Plus in the PubMed database and identified 16 reports in which the recurrence rate, incidence of seroma formation, and incidence of mesh bulging were 0–7.7, 0–11.4, and 0 %, respectively. Several comparison studies between sIPOM and IPOM-Plus seem to suggest that IPOM-Plus is associated with more favorable surgical outcomes; however, larger-scale studies are essential. 相似文献
996.
Masashi Nishida Fusako Hashimoto Hiroshi Kaito Kandai Nozu Kazumoto Iijima Dai Asada Kenji Hamaoka 《Pediatrics international》2016,58(2):152-155
To date, there have been a very limited number of case reports on combined Alport syndrome (AS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS). We herein describe the case of a 9‐month‐old boy diagnosed with concomitant AS and KS. KS was detected on chromosomal analysis of the amniotic fluid, and hematuria/proteinuria was identified in urinary screening at 6 months of age. Renal biopsy indicated AS, with complete deficit of the α5 chain of type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membranes. On genetic analysis for AS, de novo homozygote mutation (c.3605‐2a > c) was seen in the gene encoding α5 chain of type IV collagen (COL4A5) on the X chromosomes of maternal origin. This is the first case report of combined AS and KS diagnosed during infancy, and it indicates the need to consider the concurrent existence of these two disorders in infants with urine abnormalities, even in the absence of a family history. 相似文献
997.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency causes intractable gastrointestinal symptoms
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Hiroki Kuranobu Jun Murakami Naomi Kuranobu Ken Okamoto Kei Murayama Susumu Kanzaki 《Pediatrics international》2016,58(12):1337-1340
We report the case of a 13‐month‐old girl with frequent vomiting, intractable diarrhea, hyperlactatemia, and liver dysfunction. Although the symptoms were treatment resistant, enteral nutrition formula containing medium‐chain triglycerides reduced the weight loss, vomiting, and diarrhea. Immunostaining of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes of the colonic mucosa confirmed the diagnosis of MRC complex I deficiency. This case shows that this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of hyperlactatemia and intractable, cryptogenic gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, the mucosa of the affected gastrointestinal organ should be analyzed on immunostaining or electron microscopy for MRC complexes. 相似文献
998.
Hideaki Morita Hirohisa Saito Kenji Matsumoto Susumu Nakae 《Seminars in immunopathology》2016,38(5):623-629
Mast cells are important immune cells for host defense through activation of innate immunity (via toll-like receptors or complement receptors) and acquired immunity (via FcεRI). Conversely, mast cells also act as effector cells that exacerbate development of allergic or autoimmune disorders. Yet, several lines of evidence show that mast cells act as regulatory cells to suppress certain inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms by which mast cells suppress diseases. 相似文献
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