Analysis of the optical quality by determining the modulation transfer function for anterior corneal surface in myopes

AIM: To describe the characteristics of modulation transfer function (MTF) of anterior corneal surface, and obtain the the normal reference range of MTF at different spatial frequencies and optical zones of the anterior corneal surface in myopes. METHODS: Four hundred eyes from 200 patients were examined under SIRIUS corneal topography system. Phoenis analysis software was applied to simulate the MTF curves of anterior corneal surface at vertical and horizontal meridians at the 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7mm optical zones of cornea .The MTF values at spatial frequencies of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 cycles/degree (c/d) were selected. RESULTS: The MTF curve of anterior corneal surface decreased rapidly from low to intermediate frequency (0-15cpd) at various optical zones of cornea, the value decreased to 0 slowly at higher frequency (>15cpd). With the increase of the optical zones of cornea, MTF curve decreased gradually. 3) In the range of 3 mm- 6 mm optical zones of the cornea, the MTF values measured at horizontal meridian were greater than the corresponding values at horizontal meridian of each spatial frequency, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At 7 mm optical zones of cornea, the MTF values measured at horizontal meridian were less than the corresponding values at vertical meridian at 10-60 spatial frequencies(cpd), and the difference was statistically significant in 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 cpd (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MTF can be used to describe the imaging quality of optical systems at anterior corneal surface objectively in detail.     

哮喘宁颗粒联合复方硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘慢性持续期的临床研究

目的 探讨哮喘宁颗粒联合硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗支气管哮喘慢性持续期患者的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年9月—2019年11月郑州大学第五附属医院收治的98例支气管哮喘慢性持续期患者为研究对象,根据抽签法将患者分为对照组（49例）和治疗组（49例）。对照组吸入复方硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂,早晚各1吸。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服哮喘宁颗粒,25 g/次,2次/d。两组均治疗12周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的肺功能、血清炎性因子。结果 治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为93.88%,高于对照组的75.51%（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气量（FEV₁）、最大呼气峰流速（PEF）均升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组肺功能高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）水平降低,白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 哮喘宁颗粒联合硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗支气管哮喘慢性持续期具有较好的疗效,可明显改善肺功能,减轻炎症反应,且安全性较好。     

对立违抗性障碍的研究现状

对立违抗性障碍是儿童常见的一种心理障碍。童年早期出现,青春期达到高峰。以不服 从、对抗、消极抵抗、易激惹或挑衅等行为特征为主要的临床表现。虽然对立违抗性障碍没有严重的违 法或冒犯他人的攻击行为,然而对于患儿的家庭、学校,以及社会生活仍会带来较大的麻烦。家长和学 校往往对于对立违抗性障碍缺乏认识,因而导致就诊率低,缺乏早期有效的干预。现就对立违抗性障 碍的发病机制、临床特征、诊断及治疗方面做全面综述。     

准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压的发生率、临床相关凶素及预后.方法:对2005-12/2006-12间行LASIK或LASEK的2060例4060眼滴糖皮质激素眼液(1g/L地塞米松及1g/L氟米龙)2～3mo,术后1wk;1,2,3,6mo及1α观察眼压变化,对高眼压者进行治疗,并采用Logistic方法分析高眼压与年龄、性别、眼别、最大径线屈光度、最大径线角膜曲率、角膜切削深度和眼底垂直径杯/盘比值的相关性.结果:有88例143眼发生了高眼压,发生率为3.5%,所有高眼压患者经药物治疗眼压均降至正常.Logistic回归分析结果显示,眼底杯/盘比值与高眼压相关性P值为0.015,OR值为3.071,其他因素P值均大于0.1.眼底垂直径杯/盘比值大于等于0.4者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压的几率是小于0.4者的3.071倍.结论:准分子激光角膜屈光术后应用糖皮质激素眼液可引起部分患者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压,眼底垂直径杯/盘比值与皮质类固醇性高眼压有较强相关性,大于等于0.4是皮质类固醇性高眼压的高危因素,对眼底杯/盘比值大于等于0-4者术后可酌情减少激素用量和/或加用降眼压药物.     

Skin occlusion and irritant and allergic contact dermatitis: an overview

Occlusion, widely used to enhance percutaneous absorption of drugs, also increases penetration of other chemicals and antigens, and hence may exacerbate irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. This overview summarizes the adverse effects of occlusion.     

自拟中药组方配合穴位敷贴治疗复发性口腔溃疡100例临床观察

目的:观察自拟中药组方局部外敷配合穴位敷贴治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床疗效。方法:将200例本病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各100例。治疗组采用自拟中药组方局部外敷配合穴位敷贴治疗;对照组给予口服维生素B2、维生素C及外敷醋酸地塞米松粘贴片治疗,两组均以7 d为1个疗程,治疗1个疗程后进行疗效评价。结果:总有效率治疗组为98.0%,对照组为71.0%,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:中药组方局部外敷配合穴位敷贴治疗复发性口腔溃疡疗效显著。     

止嗽散合泻白散加减治疗感冒后咳嗽62例

目的探讨止嗽散合泻白散加减治疗感冒后咳嗽的临床疗效。方法随机将符合诊断标准的62例患者分为观察组和对照组,每组31例。对照组给予盐酸伪麻黄麻碱、马来酸氯苯那敏和复方甘草合剂治疗;观察组用止嗽散合泻白散加减治疗。观察两组患者用药后临床疗效。结罩观察组治愈28例,好转3例,无效0例,总有效率100％;对照组治愈26例,好转3例,无效2例,总有效率93．54％。两组疗效比较有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论止嗽散合泻白散加减治疗感冒后咳嗽疗效显著。     

Stripped skin model to predict irritation potential of topical agents in vivo in humans

Background and objective The prediction of the irritation effects of products of low irritation potential remains problematic. An in vivo human model was utilized to define the irritation potential of a topical agent after partial removal of the stratum corneum by cellophane tape stripping.
Methods The tape was applied to and removed approximately 50 times (mean, 50.0 ± 16.7) from each test site on the volar aspect of the forearm. One site served as the stripping control, receiving tape stripping only. The other test sites received the topical agent and placebo control. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured before and daily for 5 days. The TEWL values at baseline after stripping represented the point of maximal stripping barrier disruption. The barrier disruption and irritation potential were assessed with TEWL measurements.
Results The results showed that the model topical agent had no adverse effect on barrier repair, i.e. did not interfere with TEWL normalization.
Conclusions This model provides a method for the prediction, with exaggerated sensitivity, of chemical irritation and proclivity to enhance or retard water barrier repair. We believe that the model may predict the response of low irritation materials and may be more sensitive than patch testing on normal skin, particularly for products to be used on certain areas, e.g. the face, anus, etc., or even mucous membranes. The model must receive extensive use with chemicals of varying properties in order to define its chemical relevance.     

直肠癌调强放疗计划中六维随机摆位误差的剂量学影响研究

目的 设计一种软件将随机六维摆位误差引入到直肠癌调强放疗(IMRT)计划中,并评估其剂量学影响。方法 随机选取21例直肠癌IMRT计划作为参考计划(单次剂量 2 Gy, 共50 Gy;PTV为CTV均匀外扩5 mm)。对参考计划的每个分次,通过调整射野几何参数的方法引入随机生成的六维摆位误差,并重新完成剂量计算。再将各分次剂量累加后得到存在摆位误差情况下的总剂量分布。基于美国瓦里安Eclipse脚本应用程序接口(ESAPI)开发能够自动完成上述流程的治疗模拟软件,将服从两种预设分布[分布1:平移误差服从N(0,4²),旋转误差服从N(0,2²);分布2:平移误差服从N(0,2²),旋转误差服从N(0,1²)]的六维摆位误差引入参考计划,并评估剂量学影响。结果 参考计划、误差分布1和误差分布2情况下,CTV的D_min分别为(49.4±0.41)、(47.56±0.76)和(49.17±0.64)Gy;CTV的D_98%分别为(50.23±0.07)、(49.98±0.10)和(50.27±0.09)Gy;主体靶区(靶区除去边缘后的内核部分)D_98%为(50.25±0.08)、(50.42±0.13)和(50.33±0.10)Gy;边缘靶区D_98%为(50.22±0.10)、(49.88±0.11) 和(50.26±0.10)Gy。另外,相比参考计划,误差分布1和2的情况下,膀胱和股骨头平均受量的变化差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),剂量分布的适形指数虽有微弱降低,但临床意义有限。结论 本方法及据此开发的治疗模拟软件可以根据需要将服从不同分布的六维摆位误差引入到直肠癌IMRT计划中,并给出总体剂量学变化情况。