Comparison of magnesium versus titanium screw fixation for biplane chevron medial malleolar osteotomy in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - This retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent biplane chevron medial...     

Epidemiology of all-complaint injuries in youth basketball

This study evaluated the incidence and characteristics of all-complaint injuries, including acute and overuse injuries, in female and male youth basketball players. A total of 518 players (16 ± 1.4 years; 38.6% females), from 63 teams, participated in this prospective cohort study. Players were observed through one competitive high school or club basketball season to record exposure and all-complaint injuries, defined as any complaint resulting from participating in basketball-related activities, including but irrespective of the need for medical attention or time loss. Injury incidence rates and rate ratios were derived from Poisson's regression with 99.4% CI (Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons). The overall injury incidence rate was 14.4 (99.4% CI: 12.2-17.0) injuries/1000 h; 13.8 (99.4% CI: 11.2-16.8) in females and 14.8 (99.4% CI: 11.7-18.8) in males. While the incidence of injury was similar across injury classifications for female and male players, a potential lower overuse knee injury rate was noted for females vs males [IRR = 0.61 (99.4% CI: 0.34-1.07)]. The most commonly injured body location was the ankle (45%) in females and the knee (51%) in males. Overuse (vs acute) injuries were about 2x more common in the knee while acute (vs overuse) injuries were about 3x more common in the ankle, overall, and for female and male players. Based on an all-complaint injury definition, injury rates in competitive female and male youth basketball players are much higher than previously reported. This study provides an evidence base to inform more tailored interventions to reduce injuries in youth basketball.     

How ‘love’ and ‘hate’ differ from ‘sleep’: Using combined electro/magnetoencephalographic data to reveal the sources of early cortical responses to emotional words

Emotional words—as symbols for biologically relevant concepts—are preferentially processed in brain regions including the visual cortex, frontal and parietal regions, and a corticolimbic circuit including the amygdala. Some of the brain structures found in functional magnetic resonance imaging are not readily apparent in electro‐ and magnetoencephalographic (EEG; MEG) measures. By means of a combined EEG/MEG source localization procedure to fully exploit the available information, we sought to reduce these discrepancies and gain a better understanding of spatiotemporal brain dynamics underlying emotional‐word processing. Eighteen participants read high‐arousing positive and negative, and low‐arousing neutral nouns, while EEG and MEG were recorded simultaneously. Combined current‐density reconstructions (L2‐minimum norm least squares) for two early emotion‐sensitive time intervals, the P1 (80–120 ms) and the early posterior negativity (EPN, 200–300 ms), were computed using realistic individual head models with a cortical constraint. The P1 time window uncovered an emotion effect peaking in the left middle temporal gyrus. In the EPN time window, processing of emotional words was associated with enhanced activity encompassing parietal and occipital areas, and posterior limbic structures. We suggest that lexical access, being underway within 100 ms, is speeded and/or favored for emotional words, possibly on the basis of an “emotional tagging” of the word form during acquisition. This gives rise to their differential processing in the EPN time window. The EPN, as an index of natural selective attention, appears to reflect an elaborate interplay of distributed structures, related to cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and evaluation of emotional stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 35:875–888, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Associations between polymorphisms of LSAMP gene and schizophrenia

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LSAMP) gene and schizophrenia. Twenty-two SNPs were analysed in 127 unrelated schizophrenic patients and in 171 healthy controls. The results showed significant allelic and haplotypic associations between LSAMP gene and schizophrenia.     

The Contribution of the Left Phrenic Nerve to Innervation of the Esophagogastric Junction

The contribution of the left phrenic nerve to innervation of the esophagogastric junction. The esophagogastric junction is part of the barrier preventing gastroesophageal reflux. We have investigated the contribution of the phrenic nerves to innervation of the esophagogastric junction in humans and piglets by dissecting 30 embalmed human specimens and 14 piglets. Samples were microdissected and nerves were stained and examined by light and electron microscopy. In 76.6% of the human specimens, the left phrenic nerve participated in the innervation of the esophagogastric junction by forming a neural network together with the celiac plexus (46.6%) or by sending off a distinct phrenic branch, which joined the anterior vagal trunk (20%). Distinct left phrenic branches were always accompanied by small branches of the left inferior phrenic artery. In 10% there were indirect connections with a distinct phrenic nerve branch joining the celiac ganglion, from which celiac plexus branches to the esophagogastric junction emerged. Morphological examination of phrenic branches revealed strong similarities to autonomic celiac plexus branches. There was no contribution of the left phrenic nerve or accompanying arteries from the caudal phrenic artery in any of the piglets. The right phrenic nerve made no contribution in any of the human or piglet samples. We conclude that the left phrenic nerve in humans contributes to the innervation of the esophagogastric junction by providing ancillary autonomic nerve fibers. Experimental studies of the innervation in pigs should consider that neither of the phrenic nerves was found to contribute. Clin. Anat. 33:265–274, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Nursing students' motivation regulation strategies in blended learning: A qualitative study

Although there is a strong body of evidence showing that motivational factors are critical components of self‐regulated professional learning and commitment to work, little is known about nursing students' motivation regulation during their studies. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of nursing students' motivation regulation (MR) strategies and factors contributing to their reported use along their 3‐year study path in a blended learning environment. A purposeful sampling was used to select 12 undergraduate nursing students, who exhibited different MR profiles and had completed almost 3 years of study in a BL degree program. A qualitative, deductive, content analysis was used to depict students' experiences from their retrospective recollection in the interview situation. Seven motivation strategies were identified: environmental structuring, self‐consequating, goal‐oriented self‐talk, efficacy management, emotion regulation, regulation of value, and interest enhancement. Individual and situational factors were found to enhance and to sustain the use of appropriate MR strategies. The students exhibited versatility in their use of MR strategies, which were related to the study phase. These findings regarding nursing students' MR strategies should be considered in the development of nursing education programs and the implementation of improvements that contribute to professional and self‐regulated learning in BL programs.