大学生信任感及其相关因素

目的:探讨当代大学生的信任感情况,为维护大学生的心理健康提供参考。方法:采用信任量表、简易应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表为调查工具,通过分层整群抽样,于2006-06对河北师范大学1250名大学本科学生进行调查分析。其中信任感量表有18题。由3个因子构成。该量表得分越高,信任感越强。领悟社会支持量表包含12题,分家内支持和家外支持2个因子。得分越高,得到的社会支持程度越高。简易应对方式问卷共20题。由积极应对和消极应对2个因子组成。因子得分为因子条目平均分。结果:共发放问卷1250份,收回有效问卷1196份。①大学生的信任感为(77.80±10.87)处于中等偏上水平。在信任总分上,女生高于男生(78.40±11.04,76.67±10.44,P<0.01)。一、四年级学生高于二、三年级学生(77.92±10.86和81.16±10.51,75.46±11.17和76.72±10.01,P<0.01)。文科生高于理科生(79.65±10.48,75.97±10.93,P<0.01)。恋爱学生高于未恋爱学生(79.48±11.34,76.70±10.40,P<0.01)。城市学生高于农村学生(79.59±10.85,77.12±10.80,P<0.01)。②在可依靠因子上,性别和是否独生之间存在交互作用(F=8.469,P=0.004)。③大学生的信任感与领悟社会支持、应对方式有显著性相关。家外支持、积极应对、消极应对、家内支持依次进入信任感回归方程。结论:性别、年级、专业、是否恋爱、是否独生、城乡来源等因素都会影响大学生的信任感。家内家外支持、积极应对与消极应对是影响大学生信任感的个体内部心理因素。     

医用聚乳酸类高分子材料的应用

目的:阐述医用聚乳酸类高分子材料的需求,综述聚乳酸类高分子材料在生物医学领域的应用,并对其在医学领域的应用前景进行展望。资料来源:应用计算机检索ACS美国化学学会数据库2000-01/2006-12关于医用聚乳酸类高分子材料的文章,检索词“polylactide”;利用Elsevier Science全文电子期刊数据库2000-01/2006-12进行检索,检索词“polylactide”和全文检索“Medical polymeric material”。同时利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1994-01/2005-12的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“聚乳酸类医用高分子材料”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①关于聚乳酸类医用高分子材料的需求。②医用聚乳酸类高分子材料的合成及应用。排除标准:重复性研究。资料提炼:共收集到符合上述要求的文献100篇,排除70篇重复性研究。30篇符合纳入标准:其中6篇关于聚乳酸类医用高分子材料的需求,24篇关于医用聚乳酸类高分子材料的合成及应用。资料综合:聚乳酸是一种具有良好的生物相容性和可生物降解的聚合物,最终的降解产物是二氧化碳和水,对人体无毒、无刺激。目前,聚乳酸类材料产品在医学领域广泛用于药物控制释放载体、组织工程、骨内固定、修复、手术缝合线、人造皮肤以及三维多孔支架等。结论:医用聚乳酸类高分子材料有非常广阔的应用前景,今后研究的重点是研发高效低成本的聚乳酸制备方法,合成适应于不同医疗或其他用途的、具有优良生物相容性的聚乳酸共聚物高分子材料。     

Human growth hormone: New delivery systems, alternative routes of administration, and their pharmacological relevance

The availability of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) has broadened its range of clinical applications. Approved indications for GH therapy include treatment of growth hormone deficiency (in children and in adults), Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency and more recently, idiopathic short stature in children, AIDS-related wasting and fat accumulation associated with lipodystrophy in adults. Therapy with GH usually begins at a low dose and is gradually titrated to obtain optimal efficacy while minimizing side effects. It is usually administered on a daily basis by subcutaneous injection, since this was considered to impact upon patient compliance, extended-release GH preparations were developed and new delivery platforms - e.g., auto-injectors and needle-free devices - were introduced in order to improve not only compliance and convenience but also dosing accuracy. In addition, alternative less invasive modes of administration such as the nasal, pulmonary and transdermal routes have also been investigated. Here, we provide an overview of the different technologies and routes of GH administration and discuss the principles, limitations and pharmacological profiles for each approach.     

Noninvasive transdermal iontophoretic delivery of biologically active human basic fibroblast growth factor

Human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF; 17.4 kDa) has shown promise in the treatment of several dermatological conditions; symptomatic improvement was also observed in patients with peripheral arterial disease after arterial infusion. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using transdermal iontophoresis to deliver biologically active hbFGF noninvasively into and across the skin. The protein was cloned, expressed and purified in-house. Porcine skin was used to investigate transdermal iontophoretic transport of hbFGF as a function of current density (0.15, 0.3, and 0.5 mA/cm(2)); results were subsequently confirmed using human skin. Cumulative hbFGF permeation and skin deposition were quantified by ELISA. The absence of proteolytic degradation during skin transit was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Biological activity postdelivery was determined using cell proliferation assays in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) and NIH 3T3 cell lines. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to visualize the distribution of rhodamine-tagged hbFGF in the skin. Cumulative iontophoretic permeation at 0.3 mA/cm(2) was statistically superior to that at 0.15 mA/cm(2); however, there was no further improvement at 0.5 mA/cm(2). Significant skin deposition of hbFGF was observed, and this dominated transport; for example, after iontophoresis for 8 h at 0.5 mA/cm(2), skin deposition (77.74 ± 37.36 μg/cm(2)) was 4.4-fold higher than cumulative permeation (17.64 ± 5.18 μg/cm(2)). The superior skin deposition may be advantageous for dermatological applications. The HFF and NIH 3T3 cell proliferation assays confirmed that biological activity of hbFGF was retained postdelivery. Coiontophoresis of acetaminophen showed that the dominant transport mechanism switched from electroosmosis to electromigration upon increasing current density from 0.15 to 0.3 mA/cm(2). Experiments using human skin confirmed that iontophoretic permeation of hbFGF across porcine and human membranes was statistically equivalent. CLSM images of rhodamine-tagged hbFGF postiontophoresis indicated that the protein was evenly distributed throughout the epidermis and dermis. In conclusion, the results confirmed that transdermal iontophoresis was indeed able to deliver structurally intact, functional hbFGF noninvasively into and across the skin. The amounts of protein delivered were similar to those in reports from preclinical and clinical studies.     

鸦胆子化学成分的研究

继从中药鸦胆子Brucea javanica (L.)Merr的果实中分得一系列具抗肿瘤活性的苦木内酯成分后,又进一步分得一新生物碱和一新苦木内酯,通过理化常数和光谱(UR,IR,~1HNMR,~(13)C NMR)分析,推断其结构分别为4-乙氧甲酰基喹诺-2-酮(4-ethoxyca-     

Increased glomerular and urinary malondialdehyde in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced proteinuria in rats

Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced proteinuria in rats may be mediated by reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), which are injurious to several cell components including membrane lipids. Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) production is indicative of lipid peroxidation. We examined if MDA content of glomeruli and its urinary excretion were increased in rats administered PAN. Of three groups of 8 Sprague-Dawley rats each, group 1 served a control, group 2 animals received a single intravenous injection of PAN (5 mg/100 g body weight) and group 3 animals PAN with intraperitoneal injections of dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a free radical scavenger of oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals, for 4 days. The rats were sacrificed on day 8 after PAN injection. Increasing proteinuria, starting on day 4, developed in animals in group 2 but not in the others. The glomerular MDA (nmol/mg protein) in group 2 animals was 2.93±1.91, significantly higher than 0.87±0.63 and 1.26±0.76 in groups 1 and 3, respectively. urinary levels of MDA markedly increased in group 2 rats on day 3 and remained high thereafter, but no such increase occurred in the control animals and those administered PAN with DMTU; the latter was thus protective against PAN toxicity. Our observations support the view that ROM are involved in PAN-induced glomerular injury and that increased urinary MDA excretion can be a marker of ROM-mediated lipid peroxidation.     

Chronic deep brain stimulation in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model enhances memory and reduces pathological hallmarks

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that currently remains extremely disabling. Recent work has shown that deep brain stimulation (DBS) has promising effects in AD patients. In parallel to the clinical trials, we investigated the impact of chronic DBS in 3xTg mice, a well-established animal model of AD.

Neuroprotective effects of silibinin: an in silico and in vitro study

Aim of the study: Astrogliosis is a key contributor for many neurological disorders involving apoptosis, neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal death. Silibinin, a polyphenol isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to suppress the astrocyte activation in various neurodegenerative disorders and also exhibit a neuroprotective role in neuroinflammation-driven oxidative damage. The present study was designed with an aim to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Silibinin against LPS induced oxido-inflammatory cascade and astrocyte activation.

Materials and methods: We have used in-silico molecular modelling techniques to study the interaction and binding affinity of silibinin with chemokine receptors associated with neuroinflammation. We have also tested silibinin against LPS induced oxido-inflammatory cascade and astrocyte activation in C6 glia cell lines.

Results: In the present study, we found that treatment with silibinin significantly attenuates LPS-oxidative-nitrosative stress in C6 astrocytoma cells. We also observed the significant inhibition of induced astrocyte activity after treatment with silibinin. Moreover, molecular modelling studies have proposed a binding pose of silibinin with binding sites of p38 MAPK, CX3CR1 and P2X4 which is an important downstream cascade involved in glia cell activation and neuroinflammation.

Conclusions: Overall, the findings from the current study suggests that silibinin exhibits neuroprotective activity by attenuating oxidative damage and astrocytes activation.