Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in organic and conventional plant foods

Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases as a result of consumption of antioxidant substances. Organic foods are thought to have higher antioxidant capacity, because this form of agricultural management could induce synthesis of secondary compounds such as polyphenols. The objective of this work is to evaluate polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in organically (OG) and conventionally (CV) grown fruits and vegetables, as well as in different parts of the plants. Soluble and hydrolysable polyphenols were quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant capacity was measured by the DPPH radical method. The results showed that organic fruits tend to have higher hydrolysable polyphenol contents than conventional ones, with values being 11.5% in orange peels, to 72.6% in papaya peels, higher for hydrolysable polyphenols. Fruit peels also showed higher concentration of polyphenols than pulp, reaching, for bananas and tangerines, twice the amount found in pulps, which reflected in higher antioxidant capacity. Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity varied among organic and conventional vegetables with no prevalence from either agricultural type. This study suggests that the effect of organic practices results in different effect patterns according to the plant species analysed, with fruits being more susceptible to the induction of polyphenol synthesis, and the greatest accumulation of polyphenols in external plant tissues. In general, organic agriculture results in food products with similar or slightly higher polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity.     

Work-related recovery opportunities: testing scale properties and validity in relation to health

Objectives  

Recovery opportunities allow employees to recuperate from work and diminish load effects. The aims of this study are to present a scale for measuring recovery opportunities, study its psychometric properties and its relationship with health.     

Multiple pilocytic astrocytomas of the cerebellum in a 17-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type I

Objective Approximately 10% of patients with neurofibromatosis I (NFI) patients will have central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The most common of these are hypothalamic–optic gliomas, followed by brainstem and cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas. While isolated pilocytic astrocytomas in NFI are well described, the appearance of multiple pilocytic astrocytomas in an individual patient is less common. The most frequent combination in NFI patients with more than one pilocytic astrocytoma is optic tract/hypothalamic and brainstem. Other combinations are exceedingly rare; multiple pilocytic astrocytomas have only been reported once in the cerebral hemispheres in a patient with NFI. This report presents the first documented case, to our knowledge, of multiple pilocytic astrocytomas in the cerebellum of a patient with NF1. Methods Case report. Conclusion The finding of multiple cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas in a patient with NF1 is important because it expands the spectrum of presentations for patients with NF1 and also highlights specific diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by the treating physicians. The genetic and molecular basis of NF1 is reviewed. Strategies of diagnosis and treatment outlined here are relevant to both patients with NF1 and all patients with multiple posterior fossa tumors.     

Low-molecular weight heparin for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients: results from a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Multiple options exist for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in medical inpatients. We sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) relative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) for DVT prevention in this setting. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of a third-party payer employing a decision model and literature-based estimates for inputs. In the base-case analysis, LMWH had little impact on the rate of DVT. Despite higher acquisition costs, however, LMWHs resulted in net savings. Routine use of LMWH saves approximately US$89 per patient. The lower rate of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with LMWH accounted for this differential. Univariate sensitivity analysis revealed the model was moderately sensitive to the odds ratio of HIT with LMWH and the cost of HIT. Multivariate sensitivity analysis confirmed the LMWH approach dominated financially. 'Worst-case' scenario modeling, where LMWH actually increased the risk for DVT, had little effect on the rate of HIT, and was substantially more costly than UFH, still demonstrated that LMWHs were economically superior. Monte-Carlo simulation indicated the 95% confidence interval around the estimate for savings with LMWH ranged from US$7 to US$373. We conclude that, despite their higher cost, LMWHs for thromboprophylaxis in medical patients result in savings.     

The high prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in preoperative patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm or peripheral artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: In Japan, the incidence of both colorectal carcinoma and vascular disease is increasing. We screened preoperative patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or peripheral artery disease (PAD) for colorectal cancer. DESIGN OF STUDY: This study was retrospective and cross-sectional. MATERIALS: The subjects were 492 patients admitted for elective surgery of AAA or PAD. METHODS: The patients underwent immunochemical faecal occult blood tests (FOBT) before operation, and those with positive results underwent investigations for colorectal neoplasm. We compared the results with that of screening programmes performed on the general population. RESULTS: Of the 408 patients that underwent FOBT, 104 (25.5%) were positive. After colonoscopy, six (1.5%) had colorectal carcinoma and 16 (3.9%) had advanced adenoma. These values were several folds higher than that for the general population in Japan. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AAA or PAD carry a high risk for colorectal neoplasm.     

Carotid sinus nerve blockade to reduce blood pressure instability following carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Local anaesthetic infiltration into the carotid sinus during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been recommended to minimise blood pressure fluctuations but its use remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether intra-operative administration of local anaesthetic reduces the incidence of haemodynamic instability following CEA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the Medline, Pubmed and Embase databases and the Current Controlled Trials register identified four trials, which met the pre-defined inclusion criteria for data extraction. Pooled odds ratios with 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.) for the development of post-operative hypotension and hypertension were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Outcomes of 432 patients were studied. Local anaesthetic blockade of the carotid sinus was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.25 (95 per cent c.i. 0.496 to 3.15); p=0.216) and 1.28 (95 per cent c.i. 0.699 to 2.33; p=0.428) for the development of post-operative hypotension and hypertension respectively. Although none reach significance there was a trend towards increased risk of developing a complication in those patients who received local anaesthetic. CONCLUSIONS: There are insufficient data to determine the role of intra-operative local anaesthetic administration in reducing post-operative blood pressure lability following CEA. Conversely, the possibility of harm cannot be excluded on the basis of the currently available data.     

Osteochondral Fracture of the Fourth Metatarsal Head Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation

Fracture of the metatarsal head is uncommon, and reports of isolated osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head are rare. Because of the distal location of the fracture, it is difficult to achieve and maintain reduction, and potential complications include avascular necrosis and subchondral fatigue fracture. The authors present a case of an osteochondral fracture in a 40-year-old man, which was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a single twist-off screw, with good results 12 months postoperatively.     

Mittelhandfrakturen

Isolated fractures of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones are common injuries of the upper extremities. They usually occur at the age of 10–40, whereas the highest incidence is observed in childhood. The results of treatment have an important impact for the practical value of the hand. This article aims to give a brief overview of the different fracture types and their treatment options.