Management of infraumbilical vertical scars in DIEP-flaps by crossover anastomosis.

The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)-flap continues to be the standard treatment in microsurgical breast reconstruction. Reasons for the popularity of the DIEP-flap include the availability of a large amount of tissue for the reconstruction of large breasts, a reliable vascular anatomy and an aesthetically pleasing donor site scar. However, the DIEP-flap is not considered the optimal choice as the donor tissue in all patients. Previous abdominal surgeries with resulting scars may threaten the success of a free DIEP-flap due to compromised vascularity within the flap. We elaborated a technique to increase the safety of breast reconstruction with the DIEP-flap in the presence of an infraumbilical vertical scar. After raising the DIEP-flap in a traditional manner on one side with harvesting of a considerate length of the inferior epigastric vessels, a segment of the superior epigastric vessels is left attached to the main pedicle. This stump of the superior epigastric vessels is now anastomosed under the microscope to a paraumbilical perforator on the contralateral side of the flap for in-flap microvascular augmentation. The above-mentioned technique was applied in five patients who presented with an infraumbilical vertical scar and were reconstructed with a DIEP-flap because of breast cancer. In three of the five patients there was an additional risk factor present such as smoking or diabetes mellitus. In all five patients no major complication due to marginal perfusion of the contralateral side of the flap was encountered. In two patients there was minor breakdown of fatty tissue that was managed conservatively in both cases. In-flap microvascular augmentation of DIEP-flaps is a valuable tool for the plastic surgeon in microvascular breast reconstruction. It permits usage of the lower abdominal tissue even if perfusion is compromised due to midline scarring. We recommend this technique as a safe alternative in patients seeking autologous breast reconstruction in the presence of a midline abdominal scar.     

Immediate and delayed cord clamping in infants born between 24 and 32 weeks: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study's aim was to establish feasibility of a protocol for delayed cord clamping (DCC) versus immediate cord clamping (ICC) at preterm birth and to examine its effects on initial blood pressure and other outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial recruited 32 infants between 24 and 32 weeks. Immediately before delivery, mothers were randomized to ICC (cord clamped at 5 to 10 seconds) or DCC (30- to 45-second delay in cord clamping) groups. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that the DCC group were more likely to have higher initial mean blood pressures (adjusted OR 3.4) and less likely to be discharged on oxygen (adjusted OR 8.6). DCC group infants had higher initial glucose levels (ICC=36 mg/dl, DCC=73.1 mg/dl; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The research design is feasible. The immediate benefit of improved blood pressure was confirmed and other findings deserve consideration for further study.     

Providence School Asthma Partnership: School-based Asthma Program for Inner-City Families

Over 3 years, 972 families participated in an after-school asthma program at their child's school. Parents and children attended concurrent 2¹/₂ -hour workshops. Parents were 74% Latino; 45% non-English speaking, with 77% of children on Medicaid. Asthma symptoms were significantly reduced, from multiple times per week to less than once per week on average. Oral steroid use decreased to one third of baseline use. Hospital days decreased from 11% to 2%; emergency visits decreased 35% to 4%; and school days missed decreased 48% to 20%. This program has now become sustainable with both private and Medicaid insurance coverage.     

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Brain Development: Ages 4-18

Brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 104 healthy childrenand adolescents, aged 4–18, showed significant effectsof age and gender on brain morphometry. Males had larger cerebral(9%) and cerebellar (8%) volumes (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.008.respectively), which remained significant even after correctionfor height and weight After adjusting for cerebral size, theputamen and globus pallidus remained larger in males, whilerelative caudate size was larger in females. Neither cerebralnor cerebellar volume changed significantly across this agerange. Lateral ventricular volume increased significantly inmales (trend for females), with males showing an increase inslope after age 11. In males only, caudate and putamen decreasedwith age (P = 0.007 and 0.05, respectively). The left lateralventricles and putamen were significantly greater than the rightP = 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, the cerebralhemispheres and caudate showed a highly consistent right greater-than-leftasymmetry (P < 0.0001 for both). All volumes demonstrateda high degree of variability. These findings highlight gender-specificmaturational changes of the developing brain and the need forlarge gender-matched samples in pediatric neuropsychiatric studies.     

Incidence and nature of farm-related injuries among Pennsylvania Amish children: implications for education.

INTRODUCTION: Farming is a dangerous occupation and results in injuries not only to farm workers, but also to families living on farms. Children raised on a farm are at particular risk because the farm is a place where they live, play, and work. Farming is the main Amish occupation, and because Amish farming techniques differ from those used on other us farms, it is important that health care providers recognize the causes of injuries that may occur on Amish farms. However, little is documented about farm-related injuries in Amish children, so we decided to document the incidence and nature of these injuries in Pennsylvania. METHODS: This study was done by reviewing the die botschaft, a weekly newspaper written by the Amish. All references to farm-related injuries among children in Pennsylvania were recorded. RESULTS: During a 5-month period, a total of 89 injuries, including 5 fatalities, were found: male children sustained 64 injuries, and female children sustained 25 injuries. Falls were the most commonly reported mechanism of injury, followed by incidents involving livestock. Both types of events most often resulted in an orthopedic injury. DISCUSSION: Injury to children in the Amish community is a significant problem that needs to be addressed and evaluated by the Amish themselves and in coordination with other health care providers, including emergency nurses. With the information obtained in this study, injury prevention strategies tailored to the Amish way of farming could be developed and implemented.