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141.
Marlene Duarte Giles Andrea L Nelson Felisa Shizgal Eva-Marie Stern Anne Fourt Pat Woods Judith I Langmuir Catherine C Classen 《Journal of trauma & dissociation》2007,8(4):7-24
This article describes the Women Recovering from Abuse Program (WRAP), an outpatient day-hospital program for women suffering from the sequelae of childhood abuse. WRAP was conceived in 1998 by clinicians who advocated for its development based on a growing need to provide women who had experienced childhood trauma an alternative to an inpatient program. WRAP draws from a Stage 1 treatment approach to address chronic interpersonal trauma and dissociation by incorporating psychopharmacology, individual and group psychotherapy. The program is structured into two phases: a preparatory Building Resources Group (BRG) and an intensive multimodal segment comprised of seven types of group therapy. Each group is described in terms of the treatment rationale and its structure and process. Two research studies to date support the effectiveness of WRAP. 相似文献
142.
Ross JL Bellus G Scott CI Abboudi J Grigelioniene G Zinn AR 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2003,(1):61-65
We studied two children with combined genetic skeletal disorders. Both had Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD); one also had achondroplasia and the other had hypochondroplasia. Both had severe short stature and evidence of rhizomelia and mesomelia as well as other phenotypic features of their individual genetic disorders. Achondroplasia was due to the G380R FGF3R mutation and hypochondroplasia to a N540K mutation in the same gene. The patient with hypochondroplasia had a heterozygous SHOX deletion; no SHOX mutation was identified in the child with achondroplasia. The phenotypes of combined LWD and achondroplasia or hypochondroplasia appeared to be less than additive, suggesting that SHOX and FGFR3 act on overlapping pathways of bone growth and development. 相似文献
143.
Long-term protective immune response elicited by vaccination with an expression genomic library of Toxoplasma gondii 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Fachado A Rodriguez A Molina J Silvério JC Marino AP Pinto LM Angel SO Infante JF Traub-Cseko Y Amendoeira RR Lannes-Vieira J 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(9):5407-5411
Immunization of BALB/c mice with an expression genomic library of Toxoplasma gondii induces a Th1-type immune response, with recognition of several T. gondii proteins (21 to 117 kDa) and long-term protective immunity against a lethal challenge. These results support further investigations to achieve a multicomponent anti-T. gondii DNA vaccine. 相似文献
144.
Johnson JG Cohen P Kotler L Kasen S Brook JS 《Journal of consulting and clinical psychology》2002,70(5):1119-1128
Longitudinal data were used to investigate whether anxiety, depressive, disruptive, personality, or substance use disorders are associated with risk for the development of eating disorders during adolescence or early adulthood. Psychiatric disorders were assessed among 726 youths from a random community sample during adolescence and early adulthood. Depressive disorders during early adolescence were associated with elevated risk for the onset of eating disorders, dietary restriction, purging behavior, and recurrent weight fluctuations after preexisting eating problems and other psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically. Disruptive and personality disorders were independently associated with elevated risk for specific eating or weight problems. The present findings suggest that depressive disorders during early adolescence may contribute to the development of eating disorders during middle adolescence or early adulthood. 相似文献
145.
Campos B Díez O Odefrey F Domènech M Moncoutier V Martínez-Ferrandis JI Osorio A Balmaña J Barroso A Armengod ME Benítez J Alonso C Stoppa-Lyonnet D Goldgar D Baiget M 《Human mutation》2003,21(4):452-452
A frame-shift 9254del5 mutation was independently identified in 12 families, eleven of them with Spanish ancestors, in a BRCA2 screening performed in 841 breast and/or ovarian cancer families and in 339 women with breast cancer diagnosed before the age of 40 at different centers in France and Spain. We sought to analyze in detail the haplotype and founder effects of the 9254del5 and to estimate the time of origin of the mutation. Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers and two BRCA2 polymorphisms were used for the haplotype analyses. The markers were located flanking the BRCA2 gene spanning a region of 6.1 cM. Our results suggest that these families shared a common ancestry with BRCA2 9254del5, which is a founder mutation originating in the Northeast Spanish, with an estimated age of 92 (95% CI 56-141) generations. 相似文献
146.
Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among young injection drug users in San Francisco 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shafer KP Hahn JA Lum PJ Ochoa K Graves A Moss A 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2002,31(4):422-431
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviors among street-recruited young injection drug users (IDUs) in San Francisco. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 304 young (age <30 years) IDUs with a history of injecting in the previous 30 days were interviewed and tested for antibodies to HIV. Analyses assessing independent associations with HIV infection were limited to males only, due to the low number of infections in women. RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV infection was 5.3% overall but was highly stratified by gender and sexual preference (15.6% among homosexual/bisexual men vs. heterosexual men) and recruitment neighborhood (18% in the Polk Street area). Of 16 HIV infections, 14 (88%) were in males. Factors independently associated with HIV infection in males included sexual preference (homosexual/bisexual vs. heterosexual: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-36.6), recruitment neighborhood (Polk Street neighborhood vs. other neighborhoods: AOR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.4-16.7), and duration of residence in San Francisco (>or=1 year vs. <1 year: AOR, 11.8; 95% CI, 1.4-95.8). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HIV infection was highest among male IDUs who have sex with men. The strong associations between HIV infection and sexual orientation and HIV infection and recruitment locale suggest that risk may be attributable largely to sexual risk. In addition to successful prevention efforts aimed at reducing needle-associated risk, current intervention models aimed at young IDUs should target high-risk neighborhoods and emphasize sexual risk reduction measures, in particular among men who have sex with men. 相似文献
147.
The soleus muscles of fetal rats were examined by electron microscopy to determine whether the early differentiation of muscle spindles is dependent upon sensory innervation, motor innervation, or both. Simple unencapsulated afferent-muscle contacts were observed on the primary myotubes at 17 and 18 days of gestation. Spindles, encapsulations of muscle fibers innervated by afferents, could be recognized early on day 18 of gestation. The full complement of spindles in the soleus muscle was present at day 19, in the region of the neuromuscular hilum. More afferents innervated spindles at days 18 and 19 of gestation than at subsequent developmental stages, or in adult rats; hence, competition for available myotubes may exist among afferents early in development. Some of the myotubes that gave rise to the first intrafusal (bag2) fiber had been innervated by skeletomotor (α) axons prior to their incorporation into spindles. However, encapsulated intrafusal fibers received no motor innervation until fusimotor (γ) axons innervated spindles 3 days after the arrival of afferents and formation of spindles, at day 20. The second (bag1) intrafusal fiber was already formed when γ axons arrived. Thus, the assembly of bag1 and bag2 intrafusal fibers occurs in the presence of sensory but not γ motor innervation. However, transient innervation of future bag2 fibers by α axons suggests that both sensory and α motor neurons may influence the initial stages of bag2 fiber assembly. The confinement of nascent spindles to a localized region of the developing muscle and the limited number of spindles in developing muscles in spite of an abundance of afferents raise the possibility that afferents interact with a special population of undifferentiated myotubes to form intrafusal fibers. 相似文献
148.
149.
Mak JC Leung HC Ho SP Law BK Lam WK Tsang KW Ip MS Chan-Yeung M 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2004,114(2):260-264
BACKGROUND: Patients with asthma generate an increased amount of reactive oxygen species from peripheral blood cells. Reactive oxygen species produce many of the pathophysiologic changes associated with asthma and may contribute to its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: We investigated changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide; GSSG) levels in erythrocytes from a group of healthy control Chinese subjects (n=135) and patients with asthma (n=106). METHODS: Baseline pulmonary function was measured for all subjects. Antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Oxidative stress was also measured in terms of GSSG in erythrocytes with a kinetic microassay. RESULTS: Patients with asthma had significantly increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with controls (61.10 +/- 1.30 U/g hemoglobin [Hb] vs 55.51 +/- 1.82 U/g Hb [P=.018] and 0.0637 +/- 0.0021 U/g Hb vs 0.0257 +/- 0.0120 U/g Hb [P <.001] for the asthma and control groups, respectively). Conversely, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity decreased (44.21 +/- 1.33 mU/g Hb vs 50.07 +/- 1.39 mU/g Hb for the asthma and control groups, respectively; P=.003). Patients with asthma also had significantly higher GSSG levels in erythrocyte hemolysates compared with controls (167.40 +/- 2.93 micromol/L vs 44.98 +/- 0.44 micromol/L for the asthma and control groups, respectively; P <.001), indicating increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma is accompanied by an alteration in systemic antioxidant status due to possible oxidative stress in this disease. 相似文献
150.
Woodfolk JA 《Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology》2005,28(1):43-58
Reports of decreased sensitization to cat allergen (Fel d 1) among individuals living with a cat or subjects exposed to high-dose
cat allergen may be explained by the development of a form of high-dose tolerance resulting from natural exposure to an inhalant
allergen. Although the epidemiological data regarding the relationship between exposure and sensitization to Fel d 1 are conflicting,
the ability for high-dose Fel d 1 to induce a characteristic nonallergic immune response with a distinctive serum antibody
profile has been established. Definition of this modified T-helper (Th)2 response to cat allergen, coupled with the renewed
interest in regulatory T cells within the immunology field, has provided an avenue for exploring the mechanism by which IgE
antibody-mediated responses are controlled. There is mounting evidence to suggest that the modified Th2 response is a variation
of the allergic response and that the modified Th2-allergic axis is influenced by allergen dose and genetics. This article
discusses putative immune mechanisms of tolerance within the context of an allergen-specific system. The relevance of high-dose
allergen exposure and alternate factors such as endotoxin to the development of tolerance is considered. Fel d 1 exhibits
unique molecular and immunological characteristics that may contribute to its tolerogenic properties. Major T-cell epitopes
of Fel d 1 that preferentially induce regulatory factors have been defined. Furthermore, hightiter IgE antibody responses
associated with atopic dermatitis are characterized by a defect in the T-cell repertoire that is specific to these epitopes.
Identification of Fel d 1 epitopes that induce interleukin-10 may provide new targets for treatment. 相似文献